Question 1

Stress induces sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla.This causes the secretion of catecholamines, which include:&#10;A) epinephrine and aldosterone.&#10;B) norepinephrine and cortisol.&#10;C) epinephrine and norepinephrine.&#10;D) cortisol and aldosterone.

Accepted Answer

The catecholamines are epinephrine and norepinephrine.Neither aldosterone nor cortisol is a catecholamine.

Question 2

A nurse recalls that stress-induced stimulation of the adrenal cortex causes it to secrete:&#10;A) estrogen.&#10;B) cortisol.&#10;C) parathyroid hormone.&#10;D) adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH).

Accepted Answer

The adrenal cortex secretes cortisol, not estrogen, parathyroid hormone, or ACTH.

Question 3

A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal medulla.He experiences elevated blood pressure and increased anxiety.Which of the following hormones is the predominant one released by the tumor?

A) Antidiuretic hormone
B) Acetylcholine
C) Norepinephrine
D) Cortisol

Norepinephrine

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine regulates blood pressure and promotes arousal, increased vigilance, increased anxiety, and other protective emotional responses.Antidiuretic hormone regulates urine output.Acetylcholine will not result in an increase in blood pressure.Cortisol regulates glucocorticoids.

Question 4

A female student is driving to school when another driver nearly hits her.Her heart begins beating harder and faster as she becomes aroused and scared.Which of the following stages of the general adaptation syndrome is she experiencing?

A) Alarm stage
B) Stage of resistance
C) Adaptation
D) Exhaustion

Accepted Answer

The alarm stage, the initial reaction, is manifested by arousal of the body's defenses that prepare the body to fight or flee from threat.This stage involves the secretion of hormones and catecholamines to support physiologic/metabolic activity and boosts the immune system to thwart infection.The stage of resistance/adaptation is the second step as the body attempts to sustain the challenge.Exhaustion marks the breakdown of compensatory mechanisms, when the response can no longer be sustained.

Question 5

When teaching about the stress-age syndrome, what information should the nurse include? (select all that apply)&#10;A) Decreased cortisol secretion&#10;B) Decreased thyroxine&#10;C) Immunodepression&#10;D) Increased catecholamine secretion&#10;E) Hypercoagulation of the blood&#10;F) Free-radical damage

Accepted Answer

The stress-age syndrome includes alterations in the excitability of structures of the limbic system and hypothalamus; rise of the blood concentration of catecholamines, ADH, ACTH, and cortisol; decrease in testosterone, thyroxine, and others; alterations of opioid peptides; immunodepression and pattern of chronic inflammation; alterations in lipoproteins; hypercoagulation of the blood; and free-radical damage of cells.

Question 6

Exhaustion occurs if stress continues and _____ is not successful.&#10;A) flight or fight response&#10;B) alarm&#10;C) adaptation&#10;D) arousal

Accepted Answer

Exhaustion occurs if adaptation is not successful.The alarm stage is the emergency reaction that prepares the body to fight or flee from threat.Arousal occurs as the stress is recognized.

Question 7

When a patient is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal cortex, which physiological response would be expected?&#10;A) Decreased blood pressure&#10;B) Increased incidence of gastric ulcers&#10;C) Increased lipogenesis of extremities&#10;D) Decreased gastric secretion

Accepted Answer

Increased release of cortisol leads to increased gastric secretions, and therefore an increased incidence of gastric ulcers.Hypertension is a result of increased cortisol.The increase of gastric secretions causes lipolysis, not lipogenesis.

Question 8

A student arrives at school to find that he/she has an exam for which he/she is unprepared.Which physiological response would be expected?&#10;A) Decreased lipolysis&#10;B) Bronchoconstriction&#10;C) Decreased cortisol release&#10;D) Increased glucagon release

Accepted Answer

The student would experience increased glucagon release to supply the increased glucose requirements.Increased lipolysis and bronchodilation would occur, not constriction.The student would experience increased cortisol release.

Question 9

When a patient uses repression to deal with psychological stress, which of the following assessment findings should the nurse monitor for? (select all that apply)&#10;A) Decreased monocyte counts&#10;B) Increased eosinophil counts&#10;C) Decreased serum glucose&#10;D) Increased pulse rates&#10;E) Increased medication reactions

Accepted Answer

Repression is associated with lower monocyte counts, higher eosinophil counts, higher serum glucose, and more self-reported medication reactions in medical outpatients.It is not associated with increased pulse rates and glucose increases, rather than decreases.

Question 10

Stress-induced catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla may result in:&#10;A) decreased blood flow to the brain.&#10;B) elevated blood pressure.&#10;C) decreased glycogen synthesis.&#10;D) decreased muscle contraction.

Accepted Answer

Catecholamine release results in elevated blood pressure as a result of vasoconstriction.Catecholamine release results in increased blood flow to the brain and increased glucose production.Catecholamine release results in increased muscle contraction.

Question 11

Which of the following hormones enhances myocardial contractility?&#10;A) Oxytocin&#10;B) Prolactin&#10;C) Epinephrine&#10;D) Somatotropin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following hormones enhances myocardial...

Question 12

When assessing the effects of elevated ?-endorphins in a patient, which of the following should the nurse monitor?&#10;A) Peripheral vasoconstriction&#10;B) Hyperglycemia&#10;C) Pain inhibition&#10;D) Decreased immune cell activity

Accepted Answer

The answer of When assessing the effects of elevated ?-endorphins...

Question 13

A 10-year-old female is arriving at a national spelling bee contest.Her heart starts beating faster and harder, and she begins to sweat.Which of the following is she experiencing?&#10;A) Anticipatory response&#10;B) Homeostasis&#10;C) Reactive response&#10;D) Exhaustion stage

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 10-year-old female is arriving at a...

Question 14

After teaching about coping, which information indicates a correct understanding? Coping is best defined as the process of:&#10;A) adjusting to disease.&#10;B) preventing psychological distress.&#10;C) mediating anger.&#10;D) managing stressful challenges.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After teaching about coping, which information indicates...

Deck 9: Stress and Disease