Question 1

The most common type of tissue cancer occurring between ages 15 and 19 is:&#10;A) sarcoma.&#10;B) squamous cell.&#10;C) carcinoma.&#10;D) neuroma.

Accepted Answer

The most common type of tissue cancer after adolescence is carcinoma, not sarcoma, squamous cell, or neuroma.

Question 2

Which characterizes an embryonic cancer tumor?&#10;A) Commonly occurring&#10;B) Often seen in adults&#10;C) Composed of mature, differentiated cells&#10;D) Usually manifested around age 5

Accepted Answer

These types of cancers usually manifest around age 5.These types of cancers are not commonly occurring, seen in adults, or composed of undifferentiated cells.

Question 3

A 3-year-old female was diagnosed with Wilms tumor.This disease is a tumor of the:&#10;A) kidney.&#10;B) brain.&#10;C) bone marrow.&#10;D) liver.

Accepted Answer

Wilms tumor is a tumor found in the kidney, not the brain, the bone marrow, or the liver.

Question 4

A 16-year-old with aspirations of becoming a bodybuilder spends 3 hours a day in the gym.Five years later a hepatocellular carcinoma is discovered.Which of the following is the most likely cause of the cancer?

A) Immunosuppressive agents
B) Cytotoxic agents
C) Anabolic steroids
D) A viral infection

Accepted Answer

A history of anabolic steroids, not immunosuppressive or cytotoxic agents, places the patient at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma.A viral infection does not place the patient at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Question 5

What event occurs in about 70% of the cases of childhood cancers?&#10;A) Cured&#10;B) Required only chemotherapy&#10;C) Participated in clinical trails&#10;D) Developed a secondary malignancy

Accepted Answer

More than 70% of children diagnosed with cancer are cured.Some of the factors leading to improved cure rates in pediatric oncology include the use of combination chemotherapy or multimodal treatment for solid childhood tumors and improvements in nursing and supportive care.A partial explanation for the relative lack of progress in curing the adolescent population at the same rate as that realized in the younger pediatric population is the lack of participation in clinical trials.While survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk of developing a second malignancy later in life, it is not as frequent as 70%.

Question 6

A nurse is preparing to teach the most common malignancy in children.Which malignancy should the nurse discuss?&#10;A) Leukemia&#10;B) Neuroblastoma&#10;C) Wilms tumor&#10;D) Retinoblastoma

Accepted Answer

The most common malignancy in children is leukemia.Tumors of the nervous system, Wilms tumors, and retinoblastoma occur less frequently.

Question 7

When an aide asks why carcinomas rarely occur in childhood, how should the nurse respond? (select all that apply)&#10;A) Carcinomas cannot develop in an immunosuppressed environment.&#10;B) Carcinomas need a long time from exposure to occurrence.&#10;C) Carcinomas are due to environmental exposures.&#10;D) Carcinomas occur primarily in secondary sexual organs.&#10;E) Carcinomas are mesodermal.

Accepted Answer

Carcinomas rarely occur in children because these cancers most commonly result from environmental carcinogens and require a long period from exposure to the appearance of the carcinoma.

Question 8

A 40-year-old female developed adenocarcinoma of the vagina.Which prenatal event is the most likely cause of her cancer?&#10;A) Rb gene mutation&#10;B) Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES)&#10;C) Exposure to solvents&#10;D) Exposure to radiation

Accepted Answer

The patient with adenocarcinoma of the vagina most likely experienced prenatal exposure to DES, not an Rb gene mutation or exposure to solvents or radiation.

Question 9

What is the origin of most childhood cancers?&#10;A) Placenta&#10;B) Environment&#10;C) Mesodermal germ layer&#10;D) Neural tube

Accepted Answer

Most childhood cancers originate from the mesodermal germ layer that gives rise to connective tissue, bone, cartilage, muscle, blood, blood vessels, the gonads, the kidney, and the lymphatic system.Most childhood cancers do not originate from the placenta or the environment.Neural tubes are generally not associated with cancer.

Question 10

The nurse explains to a parent that young children diagnosed with Down syndrome are at higher risk for developing:&#10;A) nephroblastoma.&#10;B) rhabdomyosarcoma.&#10;C) leukemia.&#10;D) retinoblastoma.

Accepted Answer

One of the more recognized syndromes is the association of trisomy 21 and Down syndrome, with an increased susceptibility to acute leukemia, not nephroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, or retinoblastoma.

Deck 12: Cancer in Children