Deck 2: Tissue Response to Injury

Question 1

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding clinical versus experimental pain?

A)Although the sensation is the same, results accomplished experimentally should not be extrapolated to be identical in clinical pain syndromes.
B)The sensations are the same regardless of the method of production, which makes extrapolation of data from experimental studies directly applicable to clinical pain syndromes.
C)Experimental pain is easier to produce than clinical pain and is therefore of no use for research purposes.
D)Clinical pain is unique to each individual, which makes experimental pain of no use for research purposes.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What is the most common symptom for which an individual seeks medical attention?

A)Trauma to soft tissues
B)Obesity
C)Pain
D)Depression

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following types of non-narcotic medications is often prescribed for analgesia but tends to cause gastrointestinal irritation?

A)NSAIDs
B)Codeine
C)Morphine
D)Serotonin

Answer 3

A

Question 4

When surgical intervention is involved in the closure of a wound, it is termed "healing by first intention." Which of the following reasons would NOT be associated with promoting healing by first intention?

A)Dirt in the wound
B)Infection
C)Excessive drainage
D)Physical condition of the patient

Question 5

Which of the following explanations is most accurate in helping to explain why chronic pain is often difficult to localize?

A)Chronic pain persists long after the time of insult to the injured tissues.
B)Chronic pain is not difficult to localize; the statement is false.
C)A-beta fibers carry painful stimuli and they may travel several spinal segments prior to entering the spinal gray matter.
D)Nociceptors commonly transmit stimuli from the nerve root through several different segments.

Question 6

Vascularized tissue responds to injury with a series of events that are referred to as inflammation and repair. Which of the following statements is least accurate in describing the purpose of inflammation?

A)Inflammation results in immobilization of the area.
B)Inflammation results in preparation of the area for repair.
C)Inflammation results in dysfunction and must be avoided.
D)Inflammation results in vasodilation to improve circulation.

Question 7

Prior to an individual being aware of pain, the painful input to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord must travel to the brain. Which of the following scenarios is most accurate in describing the path to the brain?

A)The axons of most of the transmission cells cross over and ascend via the spinothalamic tract.
B)The axons of most of the transmission cells ascend ipsilaterally via the spinothalamic tract.
C)The axons of most of the transmission cells cross over and descend via the lateral spinothalamic tract.
D)The axons of all of the transmission cells descend over the spinothalamic tract to the brain.

Question 8

Pain has sensory and psychological components that can complicate its accurate quantification. Which of the following percentage relationships most accurately demonstrates the composition of sensory and psychological components of pain?

A)50% sensory and 50% psychological
B)80% sensory and 20% psychological
C)20% sensory and 80% psychological
D)There is no accurate relationship between the sensory and psychological components.

Question 9

Wide-dynamic-range cells are NOT responsible for the localization of which of the following symptoms?

A)Burning or prickling
B)Touch
C)Motion
D)Noxious stimuli

Question 10

Which of the following stimuli could result in the liberation of endogenous opiates?

A)Short duration, low intensity exercise
B)Sleeping
C)Intense pain
D)Eating an apple

Question 11

Which of the following terms best describes the phenomenon experienced by the patient when painful symptoms are perceived in areas remote from the site of the original tissue damage?

A)Acute pain
B)Chronic pain
C)Referred pain
D)Phantom pain

Question 12

A referral area of pain that follows the dermatome of a nerve is following what pattern?

A)The muscle that is supplied by that nerve
B)The bone that is supplied by that nerve
C)The skin that is supplied by that nerve
D)The organ that is supplied by that nerve

Question 13

The proliferative phase of healing involves the revascularization and rebuilding of tissues. Which of the following is most accurate in describing tissues during this stage of healing?

A)Fragile
B)Hot
C)Bulky
D)Smooth

Question 14

Pain receptors are responsible for signaling potential tissue damage. What is the name for this type of receptor?

A)Motor fibers
B)Mechanoreceptors
C)Nociceptors
D)Thermoreceptors

Question 15

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A)Scar tissue is as strong as the tissue it replaces.
B)Scar tissue is stronger than the tissue it replaces.
C)Scar tissue is not as strong as the tissue it replaces.
D)Scar tissue is 70% as strong as the tissue it replaces.

Question 16

Which of the following criteria is inconsistent with chronic pain?

A)The cause is well defined.
B)Medical treatments have been ineffective.
C)The painful symptoms have persisted for more than 3 months.
D)The cause is not correctable or is uncertain.

Question 17

Which of the following types of nociceptors has the fastest conduction velocity?

A)A-delta fibers
B)C-fibers
C)Small, unmyelinated C-fibers
D)Mechanoreceptors

Question 18

Edema is a normal response during the inflammatory phase of the process of tissue healing. The constituents of the edema change dependent upon the length of time that the edema is present and the magnitude of the injury. Which statement is correct and why?

A)Transudates appear last and easily dissipate due to the vast number of leukocytes present within.
B)Plasma proteins are first to help the lymphatic system to flush the area and decontaminate it from necrotic tissues.
C)Exudates indicate that there is a break in the surface of the skin and represent the presence of infection.
D)Pus contains large numbers of white blood cells and is often difficult to reduce.

Question 19

The most basic premise behind Melzack and Wall's gate control theory of pain is that:

A)Pain is a unique experience for all individuals, which can be qualified only by the individual experiencing it.
B)Psychological factors influence pain perception, making it impossible to accurately quantify.
C)Sensory stimuli can inhibit painful stimuli from reaching the brain.
D)There is an interaction of peripheral and central mechanisms that may or may not elicit a painful response to noxious stimuli.

Question 20

Which of the following endogenous substances is NOT released into an injured area as a normal response to injury?

A)Potassium
B)Serotonin
C)Histamine
D)Glucose