Deck 14: Strategies for Decreasing Stressful Behaviors

Question 1

Stages of Change theory is not effective in helping people quit cigarette smoking or helping diabetics lower their blood glucose and blood pressure.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The Health Belief model explains how goals can be attained by recognizing variables affecting goal achievement.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

According to Stages of Change theory, someone who is beginning to think about changing a behavior is in the decision phase.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In the context of methods for decreasing stressful behaviors, it is counterproductive to set up a reminder system for yourself because you will feel nagged and will lose your sense of empowerment.

Question 5

An important first step in changing behavior is identifying which behaviors need changing.

Question 6

Health behaviors are defined as all of the activities in which people engage.

Question 7

Using some type of reward increases the likelihood that healthy behaviors will be repeated.

Question 8

If we see someone similar to ourselves overcome an alcohol problem, we are more likely to believe that we too can overcome a similar problem.

Question 9

Self-efficacy influences how much effort a person will put into performing a task.

Question 10

According to Stages of Change theory, recognizing the stage that you are in will help you strategize to take charge of your stress-related behavior.

Question 11

If an individual uses contracting with a significant other as a method for decreasing stressful behaviors, it is necessary that the significant other lives under the same roof as the individual.

Question 12

Locus of control is defined as the amount of control that one has over events that affect one's life.

Question 13

In the context of self-efficacy theory, verbal persuasion is the most effective method of producing long-lasting changes.

Question 14

In the context of methods for decreasing stressful behaviors, shaping involves stopping the undesired behavior all at once.

Question 15

According to Goal-Setting theory, distal goals are steps to be achieved along the way to a proximal goal.

Question 16

According to Goal-Setting theory, if you identify smaller goals to be achieved, you will be likely to achieve them, thereby reinforcing your efforts toward reaching the long-range goal.

Question 17

According to self-efficacy theory, people's beliefs about their capabilities are a better predictor of their accomplishments than are their actual knowledge, skills, or past accomplishments.

Question 18

Self-contracting, a method for decreasing stressful behaviors, involves making a contract a public commitment.

Question 19

Stages of Change theory recognizes that people are at different points in motivation, or readiness, to change a behavior.

Question 20

According to Goal-Setting theory, people with high self-efficacy set higher goals than people with lower self-efficacy.

Question 21

In the context of behavior change theories and stress, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and confidence are constructs of _____.

A)the Health Belief model
B)Stages of Change theory
C)Goal-Setting theory
D)None of the answer is correct.

Question 22

Jake decides that he will not watch his favorite television series, Seinfeld, for a month because he did not meet his goal of not smoking cigarettes for a week. Which of the following methods for decreasing stressful behaviors does this scenario exemplify?

A)Self-contracting
B)Social support
C)Social enforcement
D)Mirroring

Question 23

In the context of the Health Belief model, one's opinion of the likelihood of getting a condition, illness, or disease if a recommended health behavior is not adopted is known as:

A)perceived susceptibility.
B)perceived severity.
C)perceived benefits.
D)perceived barriers.

Question 24

Jane begins a new exercise program, which involves exercising for 20 minutes three days a week. She gradually increases the number of days she exercises each week and the duration of each session. In this scenario, which of the following methods for decreasing stressful behaviors is Jane adopting?

A)Material reinforcement
B)Infiltration
C)Mirroring
D)Shaping

Question 25

In the context of Stages of Change theory, someone who is thinking about changing a behavior but has not taken any action to do so is in the _____.

A)decision/determination stage
B)maintenance stage
C)action stage
D)contemplation stage

Question 26

In the context of methods for decreasing stressful behaviors, the term cold turkey refers to the process of:

A)seeking professional help.
B)joining a group with similar interest in performing a behavior.
C)changing a behavior a little bit at a time.
D)stopping a behavior all at once.

Question 27

The Health Belief model takes into account all of the following factors EXCEPT:

A)susceptibility to and severity of illness.
B)benefits and barriers.
C)desires and needs.
D)cues to action and self-efficacy.

Question 28

According to Goal-Setting theory, core properties of effective goal setting include:

A)how specific and difficult the goal is.
B)the anticipated effects of achieving the goal.
C)feedback along the way to achieving the goal.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 29

In the context of Stages of Change theory, someone who is unaware of a problem or the need to change is in the _____.

A)precontemplation stage
B)contemplation stage
C)decision/determination stage
D)action stage

Question 30

Which of the following aspects of health and lifestyle behavior change is best exemplified by the statement "I can take charge of my own health"?

A)Perceived severity
B)Locus of control
C)Perceived susceptibility
D)Barrier to action

Question 31

Variables associated with Goal-Setting theory include:

A)self-efficacy and the perceived importance of goal achievement.
B)the establishment of proximal (short-range)and distal (long-term)goals.
C)the level of difficulty of the goal.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 32

Which of the following statements best describes lifestyle behaviors?

A)They encompass all the activities undertaken by people for the purpose of detecting disease in an asymptomatic stage.
B)They encompass the whole host of activities in which people engage.
C)They are defined as the activities undertaken by people who believe themselves to be healthy.
D)They are defined as the activities undertaken by people for the purpose of preventing diseases.

Question 33

In the context of methods for decreasing stressful behaviors, something as simple as a smile from another individual is a form of:

A)self-monitoring.
B)modeling.
C)self-contracting.
D)social reinforcement.

Question 34

In the context of methods for decreasing stressful behaviors, rewarding yourself with concert tickets for following your exercise routine for two weeks is known as:

A)social reinforcement.
B)peer contracting.
C)material reinforcement.
D)social support.

Question 35

In the context of the Health Belief model, which of the following statements best describes cues to action?

A)They refer to the strategies used to assess the severity of a condition.
B)They refer to one's opinion of the costs associated with taking a recommended action.
C)They refer to the strategies used to activate and encourage healthy behaviors.
D)They refer to one's opinion of the effectiveness of recommended health behaviors.

Question 36

Syed, who is on a strict diet program, relies on his friend for helpful tips to continue with the diet program. Which of the following methods for decreasing stressful behaviors is best exemplified in this case?

A)Self-monitoring
B)Material reinforcement
C)Social support
D)Professional help

Question 37

In the context of methods for decreasing stressful behaviors, _____ is best defined as the process of observing and recording behavior.

A)self-monitoring
B)tailoring
C)material reinforcement
D)social reinforcement

Question 38

Which of the following is an example of a barrier to action?

A)A series of rainy days for a new jogger
B)A heavy work schedule for a new volunteer
C)A shelf full of baked goods for a new dieter
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 39

In the context of the Health Belief model, one's opinion of how effective a recommended health behavior is in reducing the risk or seriousness of a condition, disease, or illness is called:

A)perceived susceptibility.
B)perceived severity.
C)perceived benefits.
D)perceived barriers.

Question 40

_____, a method for decreasing stressful behaviors, offers you a way to maximize your success in a behavior change program by allowing you to fit the change into your particular circumstances.

A)Mirroring
B)Tailoring
C)Imaging
D)Modeling

Question 41

In the context of methods for decreasing stressful behaviors, _____ is best defined as the process of rewarding a behavior with social approval by someone else.

A)self-monitoring
B)tailoring
C)material reinforcement
D)social reinforcement

Question 42

In the context of Stages of Change theory, who among the following is in the contemplation stage?

A)Kurt, who is unaware of the need to exercise more
B)Kristen, who is thinking about exercising more but has not taken any action to do so
C)Karl, who is planning a new exercising schedule
D)Kyler, who is exercising every other day

Question 43

In the context of Stages of Change theory, who among the following is in the precontemplation stage?

A)Kurt, who is unaware of the need to exercise more
B)Kristen, who is thinking about exercising more but has not taken any action yet
C)Karl, who is planning a new exercising schedule
D)Kyler, who is exercising every other day

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a construct of the Health Belief model?

A)Perceived susceptibility
B)Perceived severity
C)Perceived benefits
D)Perceived change

Question 45

In the context of Stages of Change theory, who among the following is in the decision stage?

A)Kurt, who is unaware of the need to exercise more
B)Kristen, who is thinking about exercising more but has not taken any action to do so
C)Karl, who is researching different types of exercise programs
D)Kyler, who is exercising every other day

Question 46

In the context of the methods for decreasing stressful behaviors, _____ is best defined as the process of making a behavioral change program specific to the life of an individual.

A)self-monitoring
B)tailoring
C)shaping
D)self-contracting

Question 47

In the context of Stages of Change theory, who among the following is in the action stage?

A)Kurt, who is unaware of the need to exercise more
B)Kristen, who is thinking about exercising more but has not taken any action to do so
C)Karl, who is planning a new exercising schedule
D)Kyler, who is exercising every other day

Question 48

According to Goal-Setting theory, when does the highest level of effort occur?

A)When a goal is very easy
B)When a goal is moderately difficult
C)When a goal is very difficult
D)None of the answer is correct.

Question 49

In the context of methods for decreasing stressful behaviors, _____ is best defined as the process of rewarding a behavior with a tangible object.

A)self-monitoring
B)mirroring
C)material reinforcement
D)social reinforcement