Deck 2: Stress Psychophysiology

Question 1

Stress causes a decrease in saliva production and an increase in hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A relatively frail person lifting a car off of a child pinned beneath it would be an example of the power of the fight-or-flight response.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

When the hypothalamus experiences a stressor, it activates the two major stress reactivity pathways: the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

During stress, the surface temperature of the skin increases.

Question 5

Contraction of the smooth muscles results in constriction in the walls of the blood vessels.

Question 6

Men and women respond to stress differently because of gender-based hormonal differences.

Question 7

The ciliary muscles of the eye are influenced by the sympathetic system alone, and the sweat glands and blood glucose are influenced by the parasympathetic system alone.

Question 8

In most people, cortisol levels are lowest a few hours after waking and continue to rise throughout the day.

Question 9

The reticular activating system (RAS)is the part of the brain where the world outside meets the thoughts and feelings from inside.

Question 10

Persistent stress results in the death of cardiac muscle cells and a loss of contractility of the heart. This damage is irreversible.

Question 11

Cortisol and aldosterone are types of muscle tissue.

Question 12

Muscular bracing can lead to problems such as headaches and backaches.

Question 13

The cerebral cortex is also called the gray matter.

Question 14

Brain cells destroyed by prolonged stress can regenerate on their own.

Question 15

When we experience little or no stress, the limbic system is in charge, and when we have significant levels of stress, the cerebral cortex is in charge.

Question 16

The reticular activating system (RAS)needs to be activated to normal levels for the rest of the brain to function as it should.

Question 17

A systolic blood pressure greater than 140 and/or a diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 are classified as high blood pressure or hypertension.

Question 18

During stress, the hypothalamus activates the adrenal and thyroid glands, which in turn secrete cortisol, aldosterone, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and thyroxin.

Question 19

The frontal lobe of the brain is associated with movement, orientation, recognition, and the perception of stimuli.

Question 20

When measuring blood pressure, the higher number is the diastolic reading and the lower number is the systolic reading.

Question 21

The part of the subcortex responsible for coordination is called the:

A)cerebellum.
B)medulla oblongata.
C)thalamus.
D)hippocampus.

Question 22

The network of nerves that connects the mind and the body is called the:

A)limbic system.
B)endocrine system.
C)autonomic nervous system.
D)reticular activating system.

Question 23

The part of the diencephalon that relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex is called the:

A)thalamus.
B)hypothalamus.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)pons.

Question 24

The part of the subcortex responsible for the regulation of emotions is called the:

A)cerebellum.
B)pons.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)diencephalon.

Question 25

The part of the subcortex responsible for the regulation of heartbeat and breathing is called the:

A)cerebellum.
B)pons.
C)thalamus.
D)medulla oblongata.

Question 26

Perspiration increases during stress.

Question 27

Stress may alter peristalsis of the small and large intestines necessary for the transport of food substances.

Question 28

Serum cholesterol and other free fatty acids increase during stress.

Question 29

Which of the following is released by the anterior portion of the hypothalamus to activate the endocrine system?

A)Thyrotropic hormone releasing factor (TRF)
B)Cortisol
C)Aldosterone
D)Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)

Question 30

The lower part of the brain responsible for various physiological processes necessary to stay alive is called the:

A)cerebral cortex.
B)cerebrum.
C)subcortex.
D)sulcus.

Question 31

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)activates the _____ to secrete corticoid hormones.

A)cerebral cortex
B)adrenal cortex
C)cerebellum
D)medulla oblongata

Question 32

The part of the brain that "sounds the alarm" that stress is present is called:

A)vasopressin.
B)oxytocin.
C)the hippocampus.
D)the cerebral cortex.

Question 33

The part of the diencephalon that activates the autonomic nervous system is called the:

A)pons.
B)hypothalamus.
C)thalamus.
D)medulla oblongata.

Question 34

Which of the following statements defines the endocrine system?

A)It is a part of the diencephalon that relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex.
B)It is a system of the body that is comprised of hormones that regulate physiological functions.
C)It is a system of the body that produces emotions in response to physical and psychological signals.
D)It is a network of nerves that connects the mind and the body.

Question 35

The system that produces emotions, which is also known as the "seat of emotions," is called the:

A)limbic system.
B)endocrine system.
C)cardiovascular system.
D)reticular activating system.

Question 36

What is released by the hypothalamus and in turn stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete thyrotropic hormone (TTH)?

A)Thyrotropic hormone releasing factor (TRF)
B)Vasopressin (ADH)
C)Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
D)Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)

Question 37

What is secreted by the pituitary gland and in turn activates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticoid hormones?

A)Thyrotropic hormone releasing factor (TRF)
B)Thyrotropic hormone (TTH)
C)Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
D)Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)

Question 38

The part of the subcortex responsible for regulating sleep is called the:

A)cerebellum.
B)pons.
C)thalamus.
D)medulla oblongata.

Question 39

What stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxin?

A)Thyrotropic hormone (TTH)
B)Thyrotropic hormone releasing factor (TRF)
C)Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
D)Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)

Question 40

The system that controls such body processes as hormone balance, temperature, and width of blood vessels is called the:

A)limbic system.
B)endocrine system.
C)autonomic nervous system.
D)reticular activating system.

Question 41

The primary mineralocorticoid is:

A)cortisol.
B)aldosterone.
C)oxytocin.
D)vasopressin.

Question 42

The substance found in the stomach that helps break down food for digestion is:

A)esophageal acid.
B)saliva.
C)cortisol.
D)hydrochloric acid.

Question 43

The part of the digestive system that receives unusable food substance from the small intestine is called the:

A)liver.
B)kidney.
C)large intestine.
D)esophagus.

Question 44

Which of the following is the part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for expending energy?

A)The sympathetic nervous system
B)The parasympathetic nervous system
C)The endocrine system
D)The reticular activating system

Question 45

The pipe through which food passes into the stomach is called the:

A)esophagus.
B)trachea.
C)small intestine.
D)large intestine.

Question 46

The body system responsible for digestion is called the:

A)reproductive system.
B)nervous system.
C)gastrointestinal system.
D)cardiovascular system.

Question 47

The anterior hypothalamus stimulates the _____ to secrete oxytocin and vasopressin (ADH).

A)thalamus
B)hippocampus
C)pituitary gland
D)cerebral cortex

Question 48

When you encounter a stressor, the sympathetic nervous system regulates the body to:

A)decrease heart rate.
B)constrict pupils.
C)dilate abdominal arteries.
D)increase mental activity.

Question 49

The substance that starts to break down food to small, manageable pieces before it passes through the esophagus is called:

A)bile.
B)saliva.
C)cortisol.
D)aldosterone.

Question 50

The catecholamine commonly called noradrenaline is:

A)epinephrine.
B)cortisol.
C)norepinephrine.
D)aldosterone.

Question 51

The primary glucocorticoid is:

A)cortisol.
B)aldosterone.
C)oxytocin.
D)vasopressin.

Question 52

Which of the following is a function of the hormone thyroxin?

A)It increases feelings of tiredness.
B)It decreases blood pressure.
C)It decreases gastrointestinal motility.
D)It increases free fatty acids.

Question 53

The inner portion of the adrenal gland that secretes catecholamines is called the:

A)adrenal cortex.
B)adrenal medulla.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)diencephalon.

Question 54

The catecholamine commonly called adrenaline is:

A)epinephrine.
B)cortisol.
C)norepinephrine.
D)aldosterone.

Question 55

_____ regulate the metabolism of glucose.

A)Mineralocorticoids
B)Vasopressors
C)Glucocorticoids
D)Phagocytes

Question 56

Which of the following is the part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for conserving energy?

A)The sympathetic nervous system
B)The parasympathetic nervous system
C)The endocrine system
D)The reticular activating system

Question 57

The hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine lead to various changes in the body including:

A)the dilation of the blood vessels in the muscles.
B)the constriction of bronchial tubes.
C)an increase in the basal metabolic rate.
D)a decrease in oxygen consumption.

Question 58

In the human digestive system, food from the stomach passes into the:

A)colon.
B)liver.
C)small intestine.
D)large intestine.

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT an example of an involuntary function?

A)Heart rate
B)Blood pressure
C)Muscle contraction
D)Respiratory rate

Question 60

_____ regulate the balance between sodium and potassium.

A)Vasopressors
B)Glucocorticoids
C)Mineralocorticoids
D)Phagocytes

Question 61

Muscles that control the contraction of internal organs are called:

A)smooth muscles.
B)ligaments.
C)internal muscles.
D)large muscles.

Question 62

Aldosterone is the primary mineralocorticoid that is responsible for:

A)a decrease in blood volume.
B)an increase in urine production.
C)a decrease in sodium retention.
D)an increase in blood pressure.

Question 63

The exit point from the body for unusable food substances is called the:

A)esophagus.
B)anal opening.
C)small intestine.
D)large intestine.

Question 64

Muscles that are attached to bones are called:

A)smooth muscles.
B)tendons.
C)skeletal muscles.
D)large muscles.

Question 65

Cortisol is secreted from the adrenal cortex and is responsible for:

A)the growth of fat cells.
B)an increase in blood glucose.
C)the secretion of saliva.
D)aggressive behavior.

Question 66

In females, the increase of oxytocin and estrogen during stress response:

A)initiates the fight-or-flight response.
B)initiates the tend-and-befriend response.
C)initiates the trophotropic response.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 67

The temporal lobe of the brain is associated with:

A)reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving.
B)movement, orientation, recognition, and the perception of stimuli.
C)the perception and recognition of sounds, memory, and speech.
D)vision.

Question 68

In males, testosterone levels increase significantly with acute stress, and this increase is associated with:

A)nurturing emotions.
B)relaxation.
C)hostility.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 69

The hormone that instructs the kidneys to retain water is:

A)oxytocin.
B)vasopressin (ADH).
C)adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
D)thyroxin.

Question 70

In females, the effects of cortisol and epinephrine are mediated by the hormones:

A)testosterone and oxytocin.
B)estrogen and testosterone.
C)oxytocin and progesterone.
D)oxytocin and estrogen.

Question 71

One of the reasons that the lie detector test is not infallible and is viewed with caution is that people can control their nervousness, thereby affecting their:

A)oxytocin levels.
B)galvanic skin response.
C)trophotropic response.
D)cortisol levels.

Question 72

The nervous system includes:

A)the brain.
B)the spinal cord.
C)the peripheral nerves.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 73

High cortisol levels that do not decline during the day have been found in:

A)victims of rape.
B)people with depression.
C)Holocaust survivors.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 74

Total cholesterol between 200 and 239 mg/dl is considered:

A)high.
B)borderline high.
C)low.
D)dangerous.

Question 75

Identify the correct order in which food moves through the gastrointestinal system.

A)Esophagus, large intestine, and small intestine
B)Large intestine, small intestine, and esophagus
C)Esophagus, small intestine, and large intestine
D)Small intestine, esophagus, and large intestine

Question 76

The average blood pressure for a young adult is:

A)120/80.
B)160/90.
C)125/75.
D)140/90.