Deck 16: Occupational Stress

Question 1

Laptops and cell phones have become effective tools for managing work stress.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A small amount of stress would be strictly associated with a lower incidence of disease.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Women are no longer predominately employed in traditional women's roles.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In the context of burnout, depersonalization refers to feeling incompetent and lacking achievement at work.

Question 5

Work stress is experienced in the same way in every country.

Question 6

Stressful workplaces are defined as those with high demand and low control or high effort and low reward.

Question 7

The Occupational Stress Evaluation Grid, developed in 1977, was a great tool to assess stress but is now obsolete.

Question 8

A diminished sense of humor is a symptom of job burnout.

Question 9

Work stress is costing businesses billions of dollars.

Question 10

Although workaholism can cause social problems, it is not linked to any health-related consequences.

Question 11

Occupational stress is related to coronary heart disease.

Question 12

The amount of work done by a worker seems to be more critical to health than the control the worker has over the work rate or related work processes.

Question 13

Workers' perceptions of the degree of their participation in the decision-making process, the degree to which they are consulted on issues affecting the organization, and their involvement in establishing rules of behavior at work have proved to be related to job satisfaction.

Question 14

Men suffer from sexual harassment at work as much as women do.

Question 15

Researchers have found that both job distress and work overload were related to the intention to leave one's marriage.

Question 16

Longer work hours increase chances of smoking and alcohol consumption.

Question 17

The stressors associated with full-time homemaking are similar to other occupational stressors.

Question 18

Telework is not only good for workers, it is also good for businesses.

Question 19

Men and women have essentially the same experiences with retirement.

Question 20

American workers take fewer vacation days than do workers in other developed countries.

Question 21

When job demands are so great that a worker feels an inability to cope, it is known as _____.

A)role ambiguity
B)role overload
C)role conflict
D)role insufficiency

Question 22

According to Business News Daily, job stress is estimated to cost American companies more than _____ a year in health costs, absenteeism, and poor performance.

A)$3 million
B)$300 million
C)$3 billion
D)$300 billion

Question 23

In 2008, only 14 percent of married men stated they shared housecleaning chores equally with their spouses.

Question 24

In the context of the physiological effects of occupational stress, several investigators have found the work environment associated with:

A)hypertension.
B)cardiovascular disease.
C)serum cholesterol.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 25

According to the occupational stress model, lack of effective consultation is a source of stress that is related to _____.

A)organizational structure and climate
B)one's role in an organization
C)career development
D)one's relationships at the workplace

Question 26

According to the Occupational Stress Evaluation Grid, stressors such as poor air and climate, noise exposure, toxic substance exposure, poor lighting, bad architecture, and poor equipment design fall under the _____.

A)sociocultural context
B)work setting context
C)biological context
D)physical/environmental context

Question 27

According to the Occupational Stress Evaluation Grid, stressors such as divorce, separation, marital discord, death of a family member or friend, intergenerational conflict, legal or financial difficulties, and early parenthood fall under the _____.

A)sociocultural context
B)interpersonal context
C)biological context
D)physical/environmental context

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a source of extraorganizational stress?

A)Family problems
B)Life crises
C)Financial difficulties
D)Poor relationships with one's boss

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true of gender and occupational stress?

A)More women are likely to develop stress-related chronic illnesses than are men.
B)Men report higher levels of stress than do women.
C)More men believe they are doing enough to manage their stress than do women.
D)More men believe it is important to manage stress than do women.

Question 30

In 2007, how often did workers call in sick when they were not sick?

A)20-36 percent of the time
B)Less than 20 percent of the time
C)More than 66 percent of the time
D)40-50 percent of the time

Question 31

According to the Occupational Stress Evaluation Grid, stressors such as disease, disability, sleep, appetite disturbance, chemical dependency, biochemical imbalance, and pregnancy fall under the _____.

A)sociocultural context
B)work setting context
C)biological context
D)physical/environmental context

Question 32

According to the Occupational Stress Evaluation Grid, stressors such as neurosis, ineffective coping skills, poor self-image, poor communication, and addictive behavior fall under the _____.

A)interpersonal context
B)psychological context
C)organizational context
D)environmental context

Question 33

Women tend to be more conservative than men in their investments, and as a result, they tend to accumulate less retirement assets than men.

Question 34

When workers call in sick but are not sick, it is known as:

A)burnout.
B)entitlement mentality.
C)the right to pass.
D)role insufficiency.

Question 35

The Occupational Stress Evaluation Grid includes all of the following contexts EXCEPT the:

A)interpersonal context.
B)psychological context.
C)psychosocial context.
D)biological context.

Question 36

According to the Occupational Stress Evaluation Grid, stressors such as racism, sexism, ecological shifts, political changes, military crises, and economic downturns fall under the _____.

A)sociocultural context
B)interpersonal context
C)biological context
D)physical/environmental context

Question 37

Researchers find higher rates of heart attacks on _____ than on any other day of the week, and the fewest heart attacks on _____.

A)Fridays; Sundays
B)Mondays; Sundays
C)Mondays; Fridays
D)Sundays; Wednesdays

Question 38

According to the Occupational Stress Evaluation Grid, stressors such as time, speed, creativity, autonomy, supervision, coworkers, ergonomics, and participation in decision-making fall under the _____.

A)interpersonal context
B)psychological context
C)organizational context
D)work setting context

Question 39

The costs of occupational stress to society are related to:

A)benefits and Social Security costs in connection with premature retirement.
B)medical costs and possible hospitalization.
C)potential loss of productive workers.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 40

_____ allows workers to vary the time they begin or end work.

A)Flexible scheduling
B)The flake rate
C)The right to pass
D)Selective scheduling

Question 41

A perception intervention could include all of the following steps EXCEPT:

A)looking for the humor in your stressors at work.
B)distinguishing between need and desire.
C)trying to see things for what they really are.
D)linking your self-worth with the task at hand.

Question 42

Job stress is related to:

A)anxiety.
B)absenteeism.
C)poor job performance.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 43

The use of activities to feel better about a task is known as:

A)solution-focused coping.
B)emotion-focused coping.
C)future-focused coping.
D)past-focused coping.

Question 44

Sean quits his job as he is not able to handle the work pressure. Which of the following types of interventions is exemplified in this case?

A)A life-situation intervention
B)A physiological arousal intervention
C)A perception intervention
D)An emotional arousal intervention

Question 45

A life-situation intervention could include all of the following steps EXCEPT:

A)quitting your job.
B)asking for a change in your job responsibilities.
C)saying "yes" to more responsibilities.
D)requesting a less stressful job within the same organization.

Question 46

Which of the following is most likely a symptom of burnout at work?

A)Increasing sense of humor
B)Taking frequent vacations
C)Decreasing overtime
D)Skipping rest and food breaks

Question 47

Variables associated with job satisfaction such as working on stimulating tasks, being recognized for work well done, and positive relationships with work colleagues are known as:

A)motivational factors.
B)coping factors.
C)environmental factors.
D)physical factors.

Question 48

In 2011, what percentage of married women in the United States with children under six years of age worked outside the home?

A)39 percent
B)73 percent
C)54 percent
D)65 percent

Question 49

When aspects of a job and workplace are unclear, it is known as _____.

A)role ambiguity
B)role overload
C)role conflict
D)role sufficiency

Question 50

_____ is an adverse stress reaction to work with psychological, psychophysiological, and behavioral components.

A)Burnout
B)Perfectionism
C)Burden
D)Entitlement mentality

Question 51

According to the occupational stress model, which of the following sources of stress at work is related to career development?

A)Overpromotion
B)Underpromotion
C)Lack of job security
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 52

In the context of the effects of a work-family imbalance, the compensation theory states that:

A)when one domain is not working out well, time and other resources are spent on the other domain.
B)a change in one domain results in a comparable change in the other domain.
C)the use of resources (time, energy)in one domain limits the availability of resources for the other domain.
D)high job demands and lack of resources to meet those demands are antecedents to burnout.

Question 53

The use of activities specific to getting a task done is known as:

A)problem-focused coping.
B)emotion-focused coping.
C)future-focused coping.
D)past-focused coping.

Question 54

Which of the following statements is true of women and retirement?

A)Older women are less likely to work in part-time jobs than are older men.
B)Men with pensions receive about half the amount women do each year.
C)Older women are much more likely than older men to have earnings in retirement.
D)More women depend solely on social security benefits in retirement than do men.

Question 55

According to the occupational stress model, which of the following sources of stress at work is intrinsic to the job?

A)Poor physical working conditions
B)Restrictions on behavior
C)Office politics
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 56

When workers lack the training, education, skills, or experience to accomplish a job, it is known as _____.

A)role ambiguity
B)role overload
C)role conflict
D)role insufficiency

Question 57

Immersing oneself excessively in work at the expense of nonwork activities is known as:

A)having an entitlement mentality.
B)being a workaholic.
C)being a slacker.
D)having a disentitlement mentality.

Question 58

According to the progressive five-stage approach, which of the following is the correct sequence of the stages involved in the development of burnout?

A)The honeymoon, chronic symptoms, fuel shortage, hitting the wall, and crisis
B)The honeymoon, fuel shortage, chronic symptoms, hitting the wall, and crisis
C)The honeymoon, fuel shortage, chronic symptoms, crisis, and hitting the wall
D)The honeymoon, chronic symptoms, fuel shortage, crisis, and hitting the wall

Question 59

When workers get caught in a bind and are faced with conflicting demands from different supervisors, it is known as _____.

A)role overload
B)role ambiguity
C)role conflict
D)role insufficiency