Deck 29: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

ملء الشاشة (f)
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سؤال
The trigone is defined as:

A) the orifice of the ureter.
B) the inner area of the kidney.
C) a triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra.
D) the three divisions of the loop of Henle.
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لقلب البطاقة.
سؤال
Where does the majority of sodium reabsorption take place?

A) Proximal tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Distal tubule
D) Collecting duct
سؤال
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR)is directly related to the:

A) perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
B) oncotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
C) vascular resistance in the glomerular arterioles.
D) hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman's capsule.
سؤال
The region of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli is called the:

A) medulla.
B) cortex.
C) pyramids.
D) columns.
سؤال
What structure supplies blood to the medulla?

A) Renal artery
B) Arcuate artery
C) Peritubular capillary
D) Vasa recta
سؤال
Which type of nephron determines the concentration of the urine?

A) Juxtamedullary
B) Midcortical
C) Cortical
D) Medullary
سؤال
The blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the:

A) vagus nerve.
B) sympathetic nervous system.
C) somatic nervous system.
D) parasympathetic nervous system.
سؤال
Reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts requires which hormone?

A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B) Atrial natriuretic factor (ANP)
C) Renin
D) Aldosterone
سؤال
The renin-angiotensin system will be activated by:

A) increased blood volume.
B) elevated sodium concentrations.
C) decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles.
D) renal hypertension.
سؤال
When discussing the functional unit of the kidney, what term should the nurse use?

A) Calyx
B) Nephron
C) Collecting duct
D) Pyramid
سؤال
The descending segment of the loop of Henle primarily allows for:

A) sodium secretion.
B) potassium secretion.
C) hydrogen ion reabsorption.
D) water reabsorption.
سؤال
On average, the kidneys receive approximately _____ of the cardiac output.

A) 10-14%
B) 15-19%
C) 20-25%
D) 26-35%
سؤال
When the nurse is discussing the sodium-sensing cells of the glomerulus, what term should the nurse use?

A) Podocytes
B) Macula densa
C) Mesangial cells
D) Loop of Henle
سؤال
When a nurse is checking the urinalysis, plasma proteins should be absent from the urine because:

A) all filtered proteins are subsequently reabsorbed.
B) the texture of the covering surrounding plasma proteins interferes with reabsorption.
C) filtered proteins are subsequently degraded before elimination.
D) the negative charge of the glomerular filtration membrane repels the plasma proteins.
سؤال
What type of phagocytic cell lies between the layers of the renal capillaries?

A) Podocytes
B) Macula densa cells
C) Mesangial cells
D) Filtration slits
سؤال
When a staff member asks which of the following substances is actively secreted by the renal tubules, what is the nurse's best response?

A) Sodium and chlorine
B) Phosphate and calcium
C) Hydrogen and potassium
D) Bicarbonate and carbonic acid
سؤال
A nurse realizes glucose will be excreted in the urine when:

A) the maximum rate of glucose filtration is achieved.
B) the carrier molecules have reached their maximum.
C) glucose is consumed.
D) the ability of the kidneys to regulate blood glucose is lost.
سؤال
When the nurse discusses the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule together, it is referred to as the renal:

A) corpuscle.
B) capsule.
C) medulla.
D) pyramid.
سؤال
When describing the male urinary anatomy, which information should the nurse include? The portion of the male urethra that is closest to the bladder is the _____ portion.

A) membranous
B) prostatic
C) cavernous
D) vas deferens
سؤال
What structure does urine pass through prior to entering the ureters?

A) Collecting duct
B) Renal pelvis
C) Urethra
D) Major calyx
سؤال
A 35-year-old hypertensive male begins taking a diuretic.Which of the following common side effects of this medication should the nurse monitor?

A) Hypokalemia
B) Hyponatremia
C) Increased uric acid secretion
D) Hypermagnesemia
سؤال
Which renal structures drain directly into the calyces? (select all that apply)

A) Distal tubule
B) Collecting duct
C) Pyramid
D) Renal pelvis
E) Loop of Henle
سؤال
The components of the nephron include the: (select all that apply)

A) loop of Henle.
B) renal corpuscle.
C) proximal tubule.
D) renal pelvis.
E) convoluted tubule.
سؤال
A nurse would chart that a patient is experiencing oliguria when a 24-hour urine output is less than ________ milliliters per day.
سؤال
A nurse recalls that the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)and plasma creatinine (Pc?)concentration are _____ related.

A) directly
B) indirectly
C) inversely
D) not
سؤال
On average, _____% of renal plasma flow (RPF)to the glomerulus is filtered into the Bowman's capsule.
سؤال
Which hormone is synthesized and secreted by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow production of red blood cells?

A) Creatinine
B) Aldosterone
C) Erythropoietin
D) Renin
سؤال
A nurse recalls the superficial cortical nephrons account for ____% of all nephrons.
سؤال
If a nurse wants to obtain the best estimate of renal function, which test should the nurse monitor?

A) Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
B) Circulating antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels
C) Volume of urine output
D) Urine-specific gravity
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ملء الشاشة (f)
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Deck 29: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems
1
The trigone is defined as:

A) the orifice of the ureter.
B) the inner area of the kidney.
C) a triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra.
D) the three divisions of the loop of Henle.
a triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra.
2
Where does the majority of sodium reabsorption take place?

A) Proximal tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Distal tubule
D) Collecting duct
Proximal tubule
3
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR)is directly related to the:

A) perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
B) oncotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
C) vascular resistance in the glomerular arterioles.
D) hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman's capsule.
perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
4
The region of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli is called the:

A) medulla.
B) cortex.
C) pyramids.
D) columns.
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5
What structure supplies blood to the medulla?

A) Renal artery
B) Arcuate artery
C) Peritubular capillary
D) Vasa recta
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6
Which type of nephron determines the concentration of the urine?

A) Juxtamedullary
B) Midcortical
C) Cortical
D) Medullary
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7
The blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the:

A) vagus nerve.
B) sympathetic nervous system.
C) somatic nervous system.
D) parasympathetic nervous system.
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8
Reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts requires which hormone?

A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B) Atrial natriuretic factor (ANP)
C) Renin
D) Aldosterone
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افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 29 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
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9
The renin-angiotensin system will be activated by:

A) increased blood volume.
B) elevated sodium concentrations.
C) decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles.
D) renal hypertension.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 29 في هذه المجموعة.
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10
When discussing the functional unit of the kidney, what term should the nurse use?

A) Calyx
B) Nephron
C) Collecting duct
D) Pyramid
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افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 29 في هذه المجموعة.
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11
The descending segment of the loop of Henle primarily allows for:

A) sodium secretion.
B) potassium secretion.
C) hydrogen ion reabsorption.
D) water reabsorption.
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فتح الحزمة
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12
On average, the kidneys receive approximately _____ of the cardiac output.

A) 10-14%
B) 15-19%
C) 20-25%
D) 26-35%
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13
When the nurse is discussing the sodium-sensing cells of the glomerulus, what term should the nurse use?

A) Podocytes
B) Macula densa
C) Mesangial cells
D) Loop of Henle
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14
When a nurse is checking the urinalysis, plasma proteins should be absent from the urine because:

A) all filtered proteins are subsequently reabsorbed.
B) the texture of the covering surrounding plasma proteins interferes with reabsorption.
C) filtered proteins are subsequently degraded before elimination.
D) the negative charge of the glomerular filtration membrane repels the plasma proteins.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 29 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
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15
What type of phagocytic cell lies between the layers of the renal capillaries?

A) Podocytes
B) Macula densa cells
C) Mesangial cells
D) Filtration slits
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افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 29 في هذه المجموعة.
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16
When a staff member asks which of the following substances is actively secreted by the renal tubules, what is the nurse's best response?

A) Sodium and chlorine
B) Phosphate and calcium
C) Hydrogen and potassium
D) Bicarbonate and carbonic acid
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افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 29 في هذه المجموعة.
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17
A nurse realizes glucose will be excreted in the urine when:

A) the maximum rate of glucose filtration is achieved.
B) the carrier molecules have reached their maximum.
C) glucose is consumed.
D) the ability of the kidneys to regulate blood glucose is lost.
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فتح الحزمة
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18
When the nurse discusses the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule together, it is referred to as the renal:

A) corpuscle.
B) capsule.
C) medulla.
D) pyramid.
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19
When describing the male urinary anatomy, which information should the nurse include? The portion of the male urethra that is closest to the bladder is the _____ portion.

A) membranous
B) prostatic
C) cavernous
D) vas deferens
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20
What structure does urine pass through prior to entering the ureters?

A) Collecting duct
B) Renal pelvis
C) Urethra
D) Major calyx
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21
A 35-year-old hypertensive male begins taking a diuretic.Which of the following common side effects of this medication should the nurse monitor?

A) Hypokalemia
B) Hyponatremia
C) Increased uric acid secretion
D) Hypermagnesemia
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22
Which renal structures drain directly into the calyces? (select all that apply)

A) Distal tubule
B) Collecting duct
C) Pyramid
D) Renal pelvis
E) Loop of Henle
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23
The components of the nephron include the: (select all that apply)

A) loop of Henle.
B) renal corpuscle.
C) proximal tubule.
D) renal pelvis.
E) convoluted tubule.
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24
A nurse would chart that a patient is experiencing oliguria when a 24-hour urine output is less than ________ milliliters per day.
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25
A nurse recalls that the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)and plasma creatinine (Pc?)concentration are _____ related.

A) directly
B) indirectly
C) inversely
D) not
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26
On average, _____% of renal plasma flow (RPF)to the glomerulus is filtered into the Bowman's capsule.
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27
Which hormone is synthesized and secreted by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow production of red blood cells?

A) Creatinine
B) Aldosterone
C) Erythropoietin
D) Renin
فتح الحزمة
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28
A nurse recalls the superficial cortical nephrons account for ____% of all nephrons.
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29
If a nurse wants to obtain the best estimate of renal function, which test should the nurse monitor?

A) Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
B) Circulating antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels
C) Volume of urine output
D) Urine-specific gravity
فتح الحزمة
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