Deck 19: Human Biology Icontrol and Development

Question 1

Electrical synapses

A)are slower than chemical synapses.
B)allow for a finer degree of control than chemical synapses.
C)are found in heart muscle.
D)both B and C

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which part of the brain controls heartbeat and respiration?

A)the brainstem
B)the cerebellum
C)the cerebrum
D)the thalamus

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following describes the path of light into the eye in the correct order?

A)cornea → lens → pupil → retina
B)cornea → pupil → lens → retina
C)pupil → retina → iris → cornea
D)iris → cornea → pupil → retina

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which part of a neuron transmits information to another cell or neuron?

A)dendrite
B)cell body
C)axon
D)myelin sheath

Question 5

Neurons that carry messages from the central nervous system to muscles or organs are

A)sensory neurons.
B)interneurons.
C)motor neurons.
D)both B and C

Question 6

The heart is an example of

A)a tissue.
B)an organ.
C)an organ system.
D)both A and B

Question 7

Which part of the brain is responsible for speech and interpreting sound?

A)the brainstem
B)the cerebellum
C)the cerebrum
D)the thalamus

Question 8

Neurotransmitters

A)are used in electrical synapses only.
B)are used in both electric and chemical synapses.
C)bind to receptors in the target neuron with a "lock and key" fit.
D)are moved to target neurons via active transport.

Question 9

Neurons that connect neurons to other neurons are

A)sensory neurons.
B)interneurons.
C)motor neurons.
D)both A and B

Question 10

Which organ or organs tell us the location of different parts of our body?

A)the vestibular organs
B)the organ of Corti
C)the retina
D)proprioceptors

Question 11

An action potential travels more quickly down an axon if the axon is

A)longer.
B)thinner.
C)thicker.
D)not myelinated.

Question 12

How many basic tastes can humans distinguish?

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6

Question 13

Prostaglandins ________ the sensitivity of pain neurons, which become ________ with continued stimulation.

A)increase; less sensitive
B)increase; more sensitive
C)decrease; less sensitive
D)decrease; more sensitive

Question 14

The most light-sensitive cells in the eye are the

A)cones.
B)rods.
C)hair cells.
D)cells in the organ of Corti.

Question 15

In humans, the maintenance of a warm, stable body temperature around 37 degrees Celcius is

A)an example of homeostasis.
B)a result of fMRI.
C)the result of feedback regulation of blood pH.
D)one of the functions of melatonin.

Question 16

Endorphins are

A)chemically identical to morphine.
B)associated with the "fight or flight" response.
C)found in heart muscle.
D)neurotransmitters released by the brain.

Question 17

Which of the following is a type of connective tissue?

A)skin
B)bone
C)smooth muscle
D)spinal cord

Question 18

The structure that helps neurons transmit action potentials more quickly is a

A)dendrite.
B)cell body.
C)synapse.
D)myelin sheath.

Question 19

During an action potential, a neuron's membrane potential

A)increases until it reaches threshold, then spikes.
B)decreases as sodium ions flow into the neuron.
C)increases until it reaches threshold, then decreases.
D)may or may not reach threshold.

Question 20

The sensory cells for hearing are found in the

A)middle ear.
B)eardrum.
C)pinna.
D)cochlea.

Question 21

If you lost the smallest bone in your body,

A)you wouldn't be able to move your eyeballs as effectively.
B)you wouldn't be able to hear.
C)the shape of your nose would be affected in minor ways.
D)there would be no effect.

Question 22

The structure that helps assure only a single sperm fertilizes an egg is the

A)zona pellucida.
B)amnion.
C)blastocyst.
D)placenta.

Question 23

ATP is required during muscle contraction because ATP allows myosin heads to

A)bind to actin.
B)pivot and pull on actin.
C)release actin.
D)recock.

Question 24

A motor neuron connects to muscle cells through

A)electrical synapses.
B)chemical synapses that use the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
C)myofibrils.
D)sarcomeres.

Question 25

Describe how actin and myosin work together during muscle contraction.

Question 26

Fertilization occurs in the

A)ovaries.
B)oviduct.
C)uterus.
D)either B or C

Question 27

The fluid-filled structure that helps to cushion and protect a developing embryo is the

A)zona pellucida.
B)amnion.
C)blastocyst.
D)placenta.

Question 28

The "master gland" that produces many hormones that control the function of other endocrine organs is the

A)hypothalamus.
B)anterior pituitary.
C)thyroid gland.
D)pancreas.

Question 29

How do protein hormones and steroid hormones differ in how they affect target cells?

Question 30

Anabolic steroids are

A)synthetic forms of testosterone.
B)synthetic forms of estrogens.
C)synthetic forms of growth hormone.
D)both A and C

Question 31

Muscles are connected to bones via

A)acetylcholine.
B)joints.
C)motor neurons.
D)tendons.

Question 32

Describe how a chemical synapse works.

Question 33

The outermost layer of a bone is comprised of

A)spongy bone.
B)compact bone.
C)yellow bone marrow.
D)red bone marrow.

Question 34

What happens during an action potential?

Question 35

What are two different functions of the skeleton?

Question 36

Epinephrine

A)helps regulate blood glucose levels.
B)is involved in the "fight or flight" response.
C)helps regulate the amount of water in the body.
D)acts in conjunction with glucagon to regulate calcium levels in the blood.

Question 37

Red blood cells and white blood cells are produced in

A)spongy bone.
B)compact bone.
C)yellow bone marrow.
D)red bone marrow.

Question 38

Antidiuretic hormone

A)helps regulate blood glucose levels.
B)is involved in the "fight or flight" response.
C)helps regulate the amount of water in the body.
D)acts in conjunction with glucagon to regulate calcium levels in the blood.

Question 39

Calcium ions released from a muscle cell's endoplasmic reticulum allow myosin heads to

A)bind to actin.
B)pivot and pull on actin.
C)release actin.
D)recock.