Deck 7: The Endocrine Systemendocrinology

Question 1

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term acromegaly?

A) acro (extremities) + megaly (abnormalenlargement) = abnormalenlargement of the extremities
B) acro (extremities) + megaly (abnormally small) = abnormally small extremities
C) acro (extremities) + megaly (development) = development of the extremities
D) acro (extremities) + megaly (fixed) = fixed extremities

Answer 1

acro (extremities) + megaly (abnormalenlargement) = abnormalenlargement of the extremities

Question 2

Identify and define the root in the medical term polyadenopathy.

A) poly- many
B) ad- toward
C) adeno- gland
D) eno- endocrine system
E) -pathy disease

Answer 2

adeno- gland

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term myxedema?

A) myx (mucus) + edema (condition) = mucus condition
B) myx (mucus) + edema (disease) = disease of the skin caused by deposits under the skin
C) myx (mucus) + edema (pain) = pain of the skin caused by deposits under the skin
D) myx (mucus) + edema (swelling) = swelling of the skin caused by deposits under the skin
E) myx (mucus) + edema (tumor) = deposits of tumors under the skin

Answer 3

myx (mucus) + edema (swelling) = swelling of the skin caused by deposits under the skin

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct breakdown of the medical term uremia?

A) ur/em/ia
B) urem/ia
C) ur/emia
D) u/rem/ia

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term thyrotoxicosis?

A) thyro (adrenal gland) + toxic (poison) + osis (inflammation) = inflammation of the adrenal gland caused by poisons
B) thyro (hormone) + toxic (poison) + osis (condition) = condition of hormonal poisoning
C) thyro (thymus) + toxic (poison) + osis (disease) = disease caused by thymus poisoning
D) thyro (thyroid) + toxic (poison) + osis (condition) = condition of thyroid poison
E) thyro (thyroid) + toxic (poison) + osis (disease) = disease caused by thyroid poisoning

Question 6

Which of the following word parts means stimulating hormone?

A) cortic/o
B) crin/o
C) hypophyso
D) ket/o
E) -tropin

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct breakdown of the medical term thyromegaly into its component parts?

A) thyro/megaly
B) thy/ro/megaly
C) thy/ro/megal/y
D) thy/ro/meg/aly
E) thy/ro/meg/al/y

Question 8

Choose the correct translation for the root hypophys/o.

A) adrenal gland
B) gland
C) gonads
D) hormone
E) pituitary gland

Question 9

Identify the correct pronunciation of the term thyrotropin.

A) THAI-rah-trah-peen
B) THAI-roh-TROH-pin
C) THEE-rah-trah-peen
D) THEE-roh-TROH-pin

Question 10

All of the following roots mean sugar EXCEPT

A) gluc/o.
B) glucon/o.
C) glucos/o.
D) glyc/o.

Question 11

Which of the following roots refers to both an endocrine gland and a gastrointestinal organ?

A) aden/o
B) gonad/o
C) pancreat/o
D) thym/o
E) thyr/o

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term endocrine?

A) endo (inside) + crine (hormone) = hormones within the body
B) endo (inside) + crine (secretion) = to secrete internally
C) endo (outside) + crine (hormone) = hormones outside the body
D) endo (outside) + crine (secretion) = to secrete outside the body

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct breakdown of the medical term thyroparathyroidectomy into its component parts?

A) thyroparathyroid/ectomy
B) thyro/parathy/roidec/tomy
C) thyro/para/thyroid/ectomy
D) thyro/para/thyroid/ecto/my
E) thy/ro/para/thy/roid/ec/tomy

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term panhypopituitarism?

A) pan (all) + hypo (over) + pituitar (pituitary gland) + ism (condition) = overactivity of the entire pituitary gland
B) pan (all) + hypo (under) + pituitar (pituitary gland) + ism (condition) = defective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland
C) pan (many) + hypo (over) + pituitar (pituitary gland) + ism (formation) = the condition of having multiple pituitary glands
D) pan (one) + hypo (under) + pituitar (pituitary gland) + ism (condition) = defective or absent function of part of the pituitary gland
E) pan (one) + hypo (over) + pituitar (pituitary gland) + ism (condition) = overactivity of part of the pituitary gland

Question 15

Identify and define the root in the medical term hypoparathyroidism.

A) hypo- over
B) hypo- under
C) para- beside
D) thyroid- thyroid
E) -ism condition

Question 16

Choose the correct translation for the roots adren/o andadrenal/o.

A) adrenal gland
B) gland
C) gonads
D) hormone
E) pituitary gland

Question 17

Choose the correct translation for the root crin/o.

A) adrenal gland
B) hormone
C) outer surface
D) to secrete
E) stimulating hormone

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term hypophysitis?

A) hypophys (pancreas) + itis (disease) = disease of the pancreas
B) hypophys (pituitary gland) + itis (inflammation) = inflammation of the pituitary gland.
C) hypo (over) + phys (pancreas) + itis (disease) = disease of the glands over the pancreas
D) hypo (under) + phys (pancreas) + itis (inflammation) = inflammation under the pancreas
E) hypo (over) + phys (pituitary gland) + itis (condition) = condition of the glands over the pituitary gland

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct breakdown of the medical term hypoglycemic into its component parts?

A) hypo/glycemic
B) hypo/glycem/ic
C) hypo/glyc/emic
D) hypo/glyc/em/ic
E) hy/po/gly/cem/ic

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term ketogenesis?

A) keto (ketone) + genesis (breakdown) = breakdown of ketone bodies
B) keto (ketone) + genesis (creation) = creation of ketone bodies
C) keto (ketone) + genesis (removal) = removal of ketone bodies
D) keto (ketone) + genesis (secretion) = secretion of ketone bodies
E) keto (ketone) + genesis (tumor) = tumor of ketone bodies

Question 21

Translate the medical term insulinoma.

A) hormone that stimulates the formation of insulin
B) insulin condition
C) insulin production (formation of insulin)
D) overproduction of insulin
E) tumor that secretes insulin

Question 22

Which of the following medical terms means inflammation of the thyroid?

A) thyrocele
B) thyroiditis
C) thyroidotomy
D) thyromegaly
E) thyroptosis

Question 23

Which of the following medical terms means tumor of the thymus?

A) thymectomy
B) thymoma
C) thyrocele
D) thyromegaly
E) thyrotoxicosis

Question 24

Which of the following medical terms means removal of the thymus?

A) thymectomy
B) thymoma
C) thyrocele
D) thyromegaly
E) thymotomy

Question 25

Translate the medical term adenocarcinoma as literally as possible.

A) cancerous tumor originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland
B) tumor of the adrenal gland
C) cancerous tumor of a gland
D) disease of a gland
E) tumor of a gland

Question 26

A goiter is most commonly caused by a deficiency of

A) potassium.
B) sodium.
C) iodine.
D) calcium.
E) salt.

Question 27

Which of the following medical terms means calcium in the urine?

A) calcemia
B) calciuria
C) chloremia
D) kenonuria
E) calciumuria

Question 28

Translate the medical term thyroidotoxin.

A) death of the thyroid
B) degeneration of the thyroid
C) formation of thyroid hormone
D) poison of the thyroid
E) stimulating hormone of the thyroid

Question 29

Which of the following medical terms means pain in the pancreas?

A) pancreatalgia
B) pancreatectomy
C) pancreatitis
D) pancreatolith
E) pancreatolithiasis

Question 30

Which of the following medical terms means incision into the thyroid?

A) thyrocele
B) thyroiditis
C) thyroidotomy
D) thyromegaly
E) thyroptosis

Question 31

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term parathyroidectomy?

A) para (beside) + thyroid (thyroid) + ectomy (incision) = incision beside the thyroid
B) para (beside) + thyroid (thyroid) + ectomy (removal) = removal beside the thyroid
C) para (inside) + thyroid (thyroid) + ectomy (incision) = incision inside the thyroid
D) para (inside) + thyroid (thyroid) + ectomy (removal) = removal of the inside of the thyroid
E) para (outside) + thyroid (thyroid) + ectomy (incision) = incision into the outside of the thyroid

Question 32

Translate the medical term hypoglycemic as literally as possible.

A) condition of low blood sugar
B) condition of low sugar
C) disease with low blood count
D) pertaining to low blood sugar
E) pertaining to low sugar

Question 33

Translate the medical term adenopathy.

A) cancerous tumor of the adrenal cortex
B) tumor of the adrenal gland
C) cancerous tumor of a gland
D) disease of a gland
E) tumor of a gland

Question 34

Translate the medical term adrenal adenoma as literally as possible.

A) cancerous tumor of the cortex of the adrenal gland
B) tumor of the adrenal gland
C) cancerous tumor of a gland
D) disease of a gland
E) tumor of a gland

Question 35

Translate the medical term adrenomegaly as literally as possible.

A) abnormal enlargement of the adrenal gland
B) formation of the adrenal gland
C) enlargement of a gland
D) formation of a gland
E) pertaining to multiple glands

Question 36

Translate the medical term euglycemia as literally as possible.

A) condition of bad blood sugar
B) pertaining to bad sugar
C) pertaining to normal blood sugar
D) condition of good sugar

Question 37

Which medical term means over thyroid condition, overproduction by the thyroid?

A) hyperparathyroidism
B) hyperthyroidism
C) hypoparathyroidism
D) hypothyroidism

Question 38

Which of the following medical terms means hormone that stimulates the gonads?

A) adrenaline
B) corticotropin
C) glucagon
D) gonadogenesis
E) gonadotropin

Question 39

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term hypophysectomy?

A) hypophys (pancreas) + ectomy (cut) = cutting into the pancreas
B) hypophys (pituitary gland) + ectomy (surgical removal) = surgical removal of the pituitary gland
C) hypo (over) + phys (gland) + ectomy (cut) = cutting into the gland
D) hypo (under) + phys (gland) + ectomy (cut) = cutting under the gland

Question 40

Translate the medical term hyperparathyroidism as literally as possible.

A) overproduction by the parathyroid glands
B) overproduction by the thyroid gland
C) underproduction by the parathyroid glands
D) underproduction by the thyroid gland

Question 41

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term endocrinologist?

A) endo (outside) + crino (secretion) + logist (specialist in the study of)
B) endo (inside) + crino (secretion) + logist (specialist in the study of)
C) end (inside) + ocrino (secretion) + log (study) +ist (specialist)
D) end (outside) + crino (secretion) + log (study) + ist (specialist)
E) endo (ducts) + crino (secretion) + logist (specialist)

Question 42

A condition of excessive thirst is called

A) hyperdipsia.
B) polydipsia.
C) diaphoresis.
D) polydipsosis.
E) hyperdipsosis.

Question 43

Which of the following abbreviations does NOT refer to a type of diabetes?

A) CGM
B) DI
C) DM
D) GDM
E) NIDDM

Question 44

Read the following excerpt from a patient's health record: Labs: Mildly elevated TSH and low T4. Calcium-normal. According to the patient's lab results, he has

A) mildly elevated triiodothyronine and low thyroxine.
B) mildly elevated thyrotropin and low triiodothyronine.
C) mildly elevated thyrotropin and low thyroxine.
D) mildly elevated thyroxine and low triiodothyronine.
E) mildly elevated thyroxine and low thyrotropin.

Question 45

Read the patient's health information: Mrs. Moon returned to the clinic today to discuss her blood tests. She first came to the office with a chief complaint of amenorrhea. She had also noticed a hump developing on the back of her neck, recent weight gain, and hirsutism. Which of the following is an accurate interpretation of the patient's health information?

A) Mrs. Moon first came to the clinic with a chief complaint of a lack of a menstrual flow and a growth of facial hair.
B) Mrs. Moon first came to the clinic with a chief complaint of an excessive development of breast tissue and a goiter.
C) Mrs. Moon first came to the clinic with a chief complaint of an excessive menstrual flow and an excessive growth of facial hair.
D) Mrs. Moon first came to the clinic with a chief complaint of an excessive secretion of the sex glands and a goiter.
E) Mrs. Moon first came to the clinic with a chief complaint of the beginning of breast development, the beginning of menstruation, and a goiter.

Question 46

Read the patient's health information: Tests revealed low ACTH, increased cortisol, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia. Which of the following statements is an accurate interpretation of the patient's health information?

A) Tests revealed low adrenaline, cortisol, thyroxin, hemoglobin, fat, and sugar in her blood.
B) Tests reveal low adrenocoricothyrotoxins, increased cortisol, and excessive fat and sugar in the blood.
C) Tests revealed low adrenocorticotropic hormone, excessive fat, and sugar in the blood.
D) Tests revealed low growth hormones, but increased fat, calcium, and sugar in her blood.
E) Tests revealed low thyroid function due to a deficiency of fat and sugar in her blood.

Question 47

Read the excerpt from Miss Sweet's health record: Per Miss Sweet's parents, she has had a two-month history of polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphagia. Despite a recent increase in appetite, they have noticed that she has lost weight. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the information available on her health record?

A) The patient has blood in her urine.
B) The patient has difficulty urinating.
C) The patient has hirsutism.
D) The patient has lost her appetite and is losing weight.
E) The patient is eating, drinking, and urinating a lot.

Question 48

Epinephrine is a hormone secreted by the

A) adrenal gland.
B) pancreas.
C) pituitary gland.
D) thymus.
E) thyroid.

Question 49

Which of the following statements is true regarding the abbreviation TFT?

A) It is part of the treatment and therapies that assist in getting a patient euthyroid.
B) It is a test performed to evaluate the function of the thyroid.
C) It stands for thyroid function test.
D) All of the statements are true.

Question 50

The medical term used to describe the condition of breast tissue development in a male is

A) acromegaly.
B) adrenarche.
C) hypergonadism.
D) gynecomastia.
E) menarche.

Question 51

Pituitary dwarfism and pituitary gigantism are both caused by improper secretions from the pituitary gland that affects a person's

A) blood sugar levels.
B) storage of fat.
C) development of sex organs.
D) digestion.
E) height.

Question 52

Read the following excerpt from a surgery follow-up note: Mr. Shield presented to our office today for follow-up from his thyroidectomy. He initially presented to his primary care physician with concerns over a goiter. His PCP noticed mild exophthalmos and an enlarged thyroid with palpable nodules. He had a thyroid scan and a TFT that revealed active nodules. After discussion with Dr. Sharp, Mr. Shield elected for surgical correction. Dr. Sharp performed a thyroidectomy 2 weeks ago. Mr. Shield developed postoperative hypocalcemia but otherwise had an unremarkable hospital stay. Since discharge, Mr. Shield has done very well. According to the note, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) After surgery the patient had low calcium levels in his blood.
B) Mr. Shield has excessive calcium in his urine.
C) Mr. Shield presented to his PCP with a swollen thyroid gland.
D) The patient had his thyroid removed.
E) A thyroid scan and thyroid function tests revealed active nodules.

Question 53

Read the health record excerpt: Emergency Department Course: Miss Sweet arrived in the Emergency Department lethargic but responsive. The patient's blood sugar test result of 320 confirmed hyperglycemia, and a urinalysis revealed both glucosuria and ketonuria. An IV was started and labs were sent. Chemistry profile showed hypernatremia and hypokalemia. Which of the following conditions was NOT noted on the patient's chemistry profile?

A) deficient potassium levels in the blood
B) excessive calcium in the blood
C) excessive sodium in the blood

Question 54

Read the information in the surgery follow-up note: Mr. Shield's thyroid lab reports are still not where I want them to be. I will increase his medicine to help get him euthyroid. No lasting hypoparathyroidism from the surgery. Return for follow-up visit including lab testing in 1 month. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the information in the note?

A) The physician is satisfied that the patient is euthyroid and will not need additional labs.
B) The patient will continue to take medication to reach normal thyroid function.
C) The patient will require a follow-up visit in 2 months.
D) The patient will have to wait until the lab reports are available before he can have surgery.
E) The surgery caused the patient's parathyroid to overproduce hormones.

Question 55

A patient with exophthalmos has

A) hypothyroidism.
B) hyperthyroidism.
C) hypoparathyroidism.
D) hyperparathyroidism.
E) panhypopituitarism.

Question 56

Which of the following terms, if observed in a patient's health record, would indicate a normal functioning thyroid gland?

A) dysthyroid
B) hypothyroid
C) hyperthyroid
D) euthyroid
E) thyromegaly

Question 57

The development of male secondary sexual characteristics caused by excessive secretion of the adrenal gland is called

A) acromegaly.
B) goiter.
C) adrenal virilism.
D) hyperadrenalism.
E) myxedema.

Question 58

Build a medical term that means urine condition of sugar.

A) glucos + uria
B) glyc + uria
C) glycogen + uria
D) gluc + uria
E) gluco + uria

Question 59

A pituitary infarction is

A) a tumor on the pituitary gland.
B) the absence of the pituitary gland.
C) the death of the pituitary gland.
D) the malfunctioning of the pituitary gland.
E) an infection of the pituitary gland.

Question 60

The medical term adenitis translates as

A) inflammation of the adrenal gland.
B) disease of the adrenal gland.
C) inflammation of a gland.
D) disease of a gland.
E) pain in a gland.

Question 61

A characteristic symptom of diabetes mellitus is polyphagia. This means the patient has a condition of

A) difficulty speaking.
B) difficulty swallowing.
C) eating very little.
D) excessive eating.
E) excessive drinking.

Question 62

Translate the medical termhypophysectomy.

A) removal of the hypophys
B) incision above the pituitary gland
C) enlargement of the pituitary gland
D) removal of the pituitary gland
E) surgical repair of the pituitary gland

Question 63

The prefix pan- in the medical term panhypopituitarism means

A) condition.
B) many.
C) all.
D) under.
E) few.

Question 64

All of the following conditions refer to a substance in the blood EXCEPT

A) hypomagnesemia.
B) calciuria.
C) glycemia.
D) hyperkalemia.
E) hyponatremia.

Question 65

Translate the medical term exophthalmos as literally as possible.

A) condition around the eye
B) bulging eyes
C) pertaining to the outside of the eye
D) the eyes are larger than normal
E) the pressure within the eye is increased

Question 66

Build a medical term that means removal of the pancreas.

A) pancre + tomy
B) pancreat + itis
C) pancreato + tomy
D) pancreat + ectomy
E) pancreato + plasty

Question 67

Translate the medical termadrenalitis.

A) incision into a gland
B) inflammation of a gland
C) infection of a gland
D) inflammation of the adrenal gland
E) infection of the adrenal gland

Question 68

Which of the following medical terms means a condition of under secretion of the pituitary gland?

A) hyperpituitaryism
B) hypopituitaryism
C) subpituitarism
D) hypopituitarism
E) panhypopituitarism

Question 69

Type 2 diabetes mellitus can be abbreviated as

A) NIDDM.
B) IDDM.
C) GTT.
D) CSII.
E) FBS.

Question 70

Build a medical term that means break down of sugar.

A) glyco + genesis
B) glyco + lysis
C) gluconeo + genesis
D) gluco + lysis
E) gluco + genesis

Question 71

A patient with an elevated blood sugar has

A) hyperglycemia.
B) glycosuria.
C) hypoglycemia.
D) hyperglucosemia.
E) polyglycemia.

Question 72

Type 1 diabetes mellitus can be abbreviated as

A) NIDDM.
B) IDDM.
C) GTT.
D) CSII.
E) FBS.

Question 73

Which of the following medical terms has double prefixes?

A) epinephrine
B) hyperparathyroidism
C) hypothyroidism
D) hyperglycemia
E) parathyroidectomy

Question 74

Build a medical term that means inflammation of the pancreas.

A) pancre + titis
B) pancrea + titis
C) pancreas + itis
D) pancreat + itis
E) pancrea + itis

Question 75

The abbreviation for a test to evaluate a patient's thyroid gland activity is a(n)

A) TFT.
B) GTT.
C) TSH.
D) ACTH.

Question 76

The abbreviation for diabetes mellitus that occurs during pregnancy is

A) CGM.
B) FBS.
C) GDM.
D) GTT.
E) PDM.

Question 77

The suffix -tropin means

A) to turn.
B) formation.
C) development.
D) stimulating hormone.
E) secretion.

Question 78

The hormone that controls the metabolism and uptake of sugar and fats is

A) epinephrine.
B) thyroxine.
C) glucagon.
D) calcitonin.
E) insulin.

Question 79

A patient with a condition of underproduction of thyroid hormones has

A) euthyroidism.
B) hypothyroidosis.
C) hypothyroidism.
D) hyperthyroidosis.
E) hyperthyroidism.