Deck 3: Child Maltreatment in the Context of Poverty and Other Forms of Adversity

Question 1

Which statement best describes what Kohen and colleagues found regarding the indirect effects of environmental risks on families?

A)neighborhood disadvantage and low cohesion predicted maternal depression and poor family functioning, resulting in punitive disciplining of children
B)neighborhood disadvantage and low cohesion predicted paternal abuse and poor family functioning
C)neighborhood disadvantage and low cohesion predicted divorce and child abuse
D)neighborhood disadvantage predicted low cohesion and child maltreatment

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Bronfenbrenner's model of the ecology of human development emphasizes which of the following?

A)proximal and indirect effects of risks and opportunity
B)distal environmental processes and direct protective factors
C)distal environmental processes and indirect protective factors influencing a child
D)proximal and distal environmental processes, direct and indirect effects or risk and protective factors

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a developmental consequence of child maltreatment discussed by the authors.

A)schizophrenia
B)cognitive delays
C)poor academic performance
D)higher risk of physical illness

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Research that focuses primarily on family structure and functioning suggests that certain factors like family constellation, financial resources of the family, and interpersonal dynamics are generally ______ of maltreatment.

A)not predictive
B)very common
C)not common
D)predictive

Question 5

Which of the following would be an example of resilience as described by the authors?

A)A child who maintains below average grades and experiences maltreatment.
B)A child who experiences maltreatment, poverty, and hardship but is able to maintain good grades and make friends.
C)A child who does not experience compounded hardship and adversity maintaining positive relationships and good grades in school.
D)A child who engages in minimal recreational drug use despite hardship and maltreatment.

Question 6

Child abuse victims are ______ in adulthood for physical illness and disease.

A)at an equal risk
B)at a lower risk
C)difficult to measure in terms of risk
D)higher risk

Question 7

The authors conclude that children living in poverty and disadvantaged neighborhoods are ______?

A)resilient and tough
B)at greater risk for child maltreatment
C)at similar risk to affluent children for child maltreatment
D)not at differential risk

Question 8

The "child care burden" refers to which of the following?

A)The amount of adult supervision and income available to mothers for children.
B)The amount of adult supervision and resources available in neighborhoods to care for children.
C)The amount of resources in a family available to care for children.
D)The amount of adult supervision available in a family to care for children.

Question 9

Which best describes some of the known long-term effects of child abuse at young ages?

A)Children abused at young ages can experience cognitive impairments and developmental delays that affect their readiness for school and impede their social interactions.
B)Negative longer term effects are unknown.
C)Children abused at young ages are generally quite resilient and only severe abuse and neglect causes long-term cognitive delays.
D)Children abused at young ages often experience eating disorders as teens.

Question 10

______ refers to a dynamic in which the parent-child relationship is denuded of enduring supportive relationships and protective behaviors, deprived of both nurturance and feedback.

A)Social neglect
B)Familial impoverishment
C)Social impoverishment
D)Neighborhood impoverishment

Question 11

______ focused on the development of children in their various environments, is critical to uncovering the patterns and processes that both promote and inhibit the long-term consequences of child maltreatment as well as other forms of adversity.

A)Survey research
B)Cross-sectional research
C)Longitudinal research
D)Mixed methods research

Question 12

One of the reasons of neighborhood studies are valuable is because ______?

A)they study the distal protective factors
B)they show the ways proximal environmental factors influence child maltreatment
C)they show the ways in which direct protective factors influence child maltreatment
D)they highlight distal environmental factors as contributors to child maltreatment

Question 13

Finkelhor and colleagues (2013) found that the odds of being sexually assaulted and victimized by age 17 were ______ among children who had been previously maltreated.

A)similar to nonmaltreated children
B)slightly higher
C)significantly higher
D)slightly lower

Question 14

______ emphasizes less the direct effect of stress on biology and the internal workings of the body than it does the impact of disrupted relationships on children's social and emotional development.

A)Attachment theory
B)Life course theory
C)Neighborhood theory
D)Environmental theory

Question 15

According to the authors, to reduce child maltreatment, a ______ prevention strategy is required.

A)family-focused
B)environment-focused
C)neighborhood focused
D)multifaceted

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT an individual risk factor for child maltreatment cited by the authors?

A)children born prematurely
B)children with low birth weight
C)children with disabilities
D)children born in the rural south

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a neighborhood influence discussed by the authors?

A)access to alcohol and drugs
B)social disorder
C)residential mobility
D)family composition

Question 18

Bowlby and Ainsworth pioneered ______.

A)neighborhood theory
B)attachment theory
C)individual familial theory
D)life course theory

Question 19

______ offers another perspective that emphasizes the ways in which early adversity shapes an individual's developmental trajectory and how transitions and turning points influence outcomes that are shown at various life stages.

A)Attachment theory
B)Life stages theory
C)Life course theory
D)Environmental theory

Question 20

Please name two theories relevant to the developmental consequences of child maltreatment, discuss the main tenants of each theory.

Question 21

Pretend you are in charge of developing programming for the prevention of child maltreatment.Briefly describe a program that you believe is aligned with the public health framework.Describe at least three different aspects of the proposed program and how they relate to a multifaceted public health approach.

Question 22

Please discuss three suggestions for future research regarding child maltreatment discussed by the authors.Be sure to include rationale for the suggestions.

Question 23

Please explain child maltreatment prevention as a public health framework, and what the authors suggest as viable programming.

Question 24

Please discuss five individual correlates that put children at risk for child maltreatment, as well as five developmental consequences of child maltreatment.