Question 1

Hydroxyapatite found in bone matrix contains a combination of which molecules in its crystalline structure?&#10;A) Calcium and magnesium&#10;B) Calcium and phosphate&#10;C) Phosphate and magnesium&#10;D) Magnesium and hydrogen

Accepted Answer

Calcium and phosphate form amorphous (fluid)calcium phosphate compounds that are converted, in stages, to solid hexagonal crystals of hydroxyapatite.Hydroxyapatite does not contain magnesium or hydrogen.

Question 2

Which layer forms the fascicles in skeletal muscle?&#10;A) Tendon sheath&#10;B) Endomysium&#10;C) Epimysium&#10;D) Perimysium

Accepted Answer

The perimysium further subdivides the muscle fibers into bundles of connective tissue called fascicles.None of the other options forms fascicles.

Question 3

A nurse recalls fibrous joints generally are:&#10;A) rotating.&#10;B) slightly movable.&#10;C) freely movable.&#10;D) calcified.

Accepted Answer

A fibrous joint has little, if any, movement.

Question 4

The skeletal muscles are encased in a connective tissue framework made of:&#10;A) bone.&#10;B) epithelium.&#10;C) fascia.&#10;D) cartilage.

Accepted Answer

Each skeletal muscle is a separate organ, encased in a three-part connective tissue framework called fascia.This framework is not made of bone, epithelium, or cartilage.

Question 5

Which of the following should the nurse include when discussing the different types of cartilaginous joints?&#10;A) Sutures and gomphosis&#10;B) Syndesmosis and gomphosis&#10;C) Symphysis and synchondrosis&#10;D) Gomphosis and synchondrosis

Accepted Answer

There are two types of cartilaginous joints: symphysis and synchondrosis.

Question 6

Which characteristic of a postural muscle is a result of having substantial amounts of type I muscle fibers?&#10;A) Resists fatigue&#10;B) Rapid response time&#10;C) Little contractibility&#10;D) Lacks a fascia lining

Accepted Answer

Postural muscles have more type I fibers, allowing them the high resistance to fatigue that is necessary to maintain the same position for extended periods.The ocular muscles have more type II muscle fibers, allowing them to respond rapidly to visual changes.
Little contractibility or lacking a fascia lining is associated with type I muscle fibers.

Question 7

The structure of the contractile subunit of the myofibril is called the:&#10;A) sarcoplasmic reticulum.&#10;B) actin.&#10;C) motor end plate.&#10;D) sarcomere.

Accepted Answer

The sarcomere is the contractile portion of the myofibril.In response to a nerve impulse, RyR1 (found in skeletal muscle cells)releases intracellular calcium and initiates muscle contraction at the sarcomere, a portion of the myofibril.The sarcoplasmic reticulum is made like the endoplasmic reticulum in other cells.Actin is a protein of the sarcomere.
It is at the motor nerve end plate where the nerve impulse is transmitted.

Question 8

Which component of the bone matrix gives bone its tensile strength?&#10;A) Calcium&#10;B) Phosphate&#10;C) Collagen&#10;D) Magnesium

Accepted Answer

While calcium, phosphate, and magnesium all play a role in bone formation, collagen is the component of bone matrix that gives bone tensile strength.

Question 9

During which stage of muscle contraction does actin bind to myosin?&#10;A) Coupling&#10;B) Relaxation&#10;C) Discharging&#10;D) Excitation

Accepted Answer

During coupling, depolarization of the transverse tubules occurs.This triggers the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, exposing binding sites on the actin molecule.In the presence of calcium, actin is free to bind with myosin.Relaxation is the last step.It begins as calcium ions are actively transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, removing ions from interaction with troponin.Discharging is not a step in the process.
Excitation is the first step of muscle contraction and it begins with the spread of an action potential from the nerve terminal to the neuromuscular junction.

Question 10

What is the major difference between compact and spongy bone?&#10;A) Organization of the structural elements&#10;B) Location within the body&#10;C) Activating chemicals in each&#10;D) Types of minerals in the bone matrix

Accepted Answer

The major difference between the two types of tissue is the organization of the elements.
The differences in location in the body, chemical activation, or types of minerals contained are not as relevant.

Question 11

Once their initial function is complete, what do osteoblasts become?&#10;A) Osteoclasts&#10;B) Osteocytes&#10;C) Chondroblasts&#10;D) Osteoids

Accepted Answer

The answer of Once their initial function is complete, what...

Question 12

What type of joint normally exists between the teeth and the maxilla or mandible?&#10;A) Symphysis&#10;B) Diarthrosis&#10;C) Gomphosis&#10;D) Syndesmosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of joint normally exists between...

Question 13

Which molecule prevents a muscle contraction from occurring when the muscle is at rest?&#10;A) Calcium&#10;B) Troponin-tropomyosin&#10;C) Actin&#10;D) Myosin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which molecule prevents a muscle contraction from...

Question 14

A nurse recalls the freely moveable joint is an example of which type of joint?&#10;A) Amphiarthrosis&#10;B) Diarthrosis&#10;C) Synarthrosis&#10;D) Symphysis

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse recalls the freely moveable joint...

Question 15

Which ions directly control the contraction of muscles?&#10;A) Sodium&#10;B) Potassium&#10;C) Calcium&#10;D) Magnesium

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which ions directly control the contraction of...

Question 16

Clusters of which type of bone cells are responsible for bone remodeling?&#10;A) Trabeculae&#10;B) Osteoclastic cutting cones&#10;C) Basic multicellular units&#10;D) Haversian system cells

Accepted Answer

The answer of Clusters of which type of bone cells...

Question 17

When describing a freely movable joint, which term should be used?&#10;A) Synarthrosis&#10;B) Amphiarthrosis&#10;C) Fibrous&#10;D) Diarthrosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of When describing a freely movable joint, which...

Question 18

Between which structures will you find a joint that contains synchondrosis costal cartilage?&#10;A) Vertebrae&#10;B) Ribs and sternum&#10;C) Sutures of the skull&#10;D) Facial bones

Accepted Answer

The answer of Between which structures will you find a...

Question 19

How do blood vessels penetrate into the inner structures of the bone?&#10;A) Volkmann canals&#10;B) Canaliculi&#10;C) Sharpey fibers&#10;D) Lamellae

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do blood vessels penetrate into the...

Question 20

After puberty, the epiphyseal plate calcifies, and the epiphysis and _____ merge.&#10;A) epiphyseal line&#10;B) diaphyseal plate&#10;C) metaphysis&#10;D) articular cartilage

Accepted Answer

The answer of After puberty, the epiphyseal plate calcifies, and...

Question 21

Which molecules are parts of the bone matrix? (select all that apply)&#10;A) Collagen fibers&#10;B) Elastin fibers&#10;C) Proteoglycans&#10;D) Glycoproteins&#10;E) Epithelial cells

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which molecules are parts of the bone...

Question 22

Which terms are used to describe skeletal muscle? (select all that apply)&#10;A) Voluntary&#10;B) Striated&#10;C) Extrafusal&#10;D) Fibrotic&#10;E) Epithelial

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which terms are used to describe skeletal...

Question 23

The shapes that represent bone classifications include: (select all that apply)&#10;A) long.&#10;B) flat.&#10;C) short.&#10;D) irregular.&#10;E) round.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The shapes that represent bone classifications include:...

Question 24

What does the term &#34;sarcopenia&#34; describe?&#10;A) Absence of muscle cells&#10;B) Fatigue of muscle cells&#10;C) Age-related loss in skeletal muscle&#10;D) Muscles that are unable to contract

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does the term &#34;sarcopenia&#34; describe?&#10;A) Absence...

Question 25

What term identifies a muscle acting as a contraction's prime mover?&#10;A) Flexor&#10;B) Recruiter&#10;C) Antagonist&#10;D) Agonist

Accepted Answer

The answer of What term identifies a muscle acting as...

Question 26

The structures present in compact bone include the: (select all that apply)&#10;A) haversian canals.&#10;B) trabeculae.&#10;C) canaliculi.&#10;D) lamellae.&#10;E) lacunae.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The structures present in compact bone include...

Question 27

The nursing student has a good understanding of glycoproteins when he states which of the following glycoproteins are present in the bone? (select all that apply)&#10;A) Osteocalcin&#10;B) Sialoprotein&#10;C) Bone albumin&#10;D) Alpha-glycoprotein&#10;E) Collagen

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nursing student has a good understanding...

Question 28

The nurse observed the patient's muscle contracted, but the limb did not move.How should the nurse chart this muscle contraction?&#10;A) Isotonic contraction&#10;B) Isometric contraction&#10;C) Eccentric contraction&#10;D) Concentric contraction

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse observed the patient's muscle contracted,...

Question 29

What is the main energy source or fuel for skeletal muscle contraction?&#10;A) Potassium&#10;B) Lactic acid&#10;C) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)&#10;D) Actin

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the main energy source or...

Deck 38: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System