Deck 15: Variations in Sexual Expression

Question 1

Which paraphilia is characteristic of people who experience sexual excitement from being urinated upon or urinating on one's sexual partner?

A)Nemophlia
B)Mesophilia
C)Urophilia
D)Reophilia

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to psychologist Lorraine Benuto, "normal" refers to ______________ , whereas "healthy" refers to _________________.

A)what is adaptive; what is average
B)what is average; what is adaptive
C)what is adaptive; what is not included in the DSM
D)what is not included in the DSM; what is adaptive

Answer 2

B

Question 3

People who experience sexual arousal from engaging in sexual activity with non-living objects (such as shoes) may be diagnosed with:

A)partialism
B)sadism
C)fetishism
D)troilism

Answer 3

C

Question 4

As a psychological classification, paraphilias may include sexual arousal in response to:

A)intense, reoccurring urges.
B)non-human creatures or inanimate objects.
C)the suffering and humiliation of another person.
D)all of the above.

Question 5

Gerontophilia is characterized by having a specific sexual inclination toward:

A)the elderly.
B)flowers.
C)jewelry.
D)transgendered people.

Question 6

Which theoretical framework assumes that testosterone increases males' susceptibility to the development of paraphilias?

A)Learning theory
B)Psychoanalytic theory
C)Biological theory
D)Structural theory

Question 7

If a man were to experience an erotic attraction to, or have sexual contact with, an animal, he would most likely be diagnosed with:

A)Aniphilia.
B)Oenophilia.
C)Lipophilia.
D)Zoophilia.

Question 8

The concept, sexual _____, is largely regarded as a more neutral term for classifying paraphilias because it does not imply that any of the behaviors are necessarily threatening or illegal.

A)deviance
B)variations
C)distinctions
D)abnormalities

Question 9

Research indicates that the development of paraphilia usually begins to occur at what developmental stage of the life course?

A)early childhood (age 0-3)
B)early adolescence (age 11-14)
C)young adulthood (age 20-25)
D)middle age (35-55)

Question 10

Statistics reveal that exhibitionists make up approximately _____ of all sex offenders.

A)one-fourth
B)one-third
C)one-half
D)one-tenth

Question 11

Which paraphilia is characterized by specifically obtaining sexual arousal and gratification by sharing a sexual partner and watching the other two parties engage in sexual activity?

A)Reophilia
B)Nemophilia
C)Troilism
D)Necrophilia

Question 12

Partialism is a paraphilia characterized by experiencing sexual arousal in response to:

A)women's undergarments.
B)a specific body part.
C)corpses.
D)animals.

Question 13

Which landmark U.S.Supreme Court decision made BDSM a legal activity between consenting adults?

A)Johnson v.Virginia
B)Gideon v.Delaware
C)Lawrence v.Texas
D)Mapp v.Ohio

Question 14

Research data collected mostly from victim populations and incarcerated individuals suggests that a large majority of people with paraphilias are:

A)members of a racial minority group.
B)from low socioeconomic backgrounds.
C)gay or lesbian.
D)male.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT one of the necessary components of behavior that is defined as "abnormal"?

A)frequency of the behavior
B)social acceptability of the behavior
C)development of problems associated with the behavior
D)individual's inability to recognize the behavior as different

Question 16

Some people who develop _____ accidently die when they choke themselves in order to achieve an altered state of consciousness that they believe will enhance orgasm.

A)hypoxyphilia
B)partialism
C)mysophilia
D)coprophilia

Question 17

If a woman were to feel sexual arousal and gratification from rubbing her genitals against others in public places or crowds, she would most likely be diagnosed with:

A)Frotteurism
B)Urophilia
C)Arctophilia
D)Geophilia

Question 18

If a man experiences sexual pleasure from receiving an enema, he has probably developed:

A)Klismaphilia
B)Urophilia
C)Rheophilia
D)Anaphilia

Question 19

Clinical professionals use the term, _____, to refer to types of sexual arousal that are caused by objects, situations, or individuals.

A)Nesophilia
B)Halophilia
C)Petrophilia
D)Paraphilia

Question 20

According to _____ theories, paraphiliac behaviors are learned; and being the victim of childhood abuse increases the risk of developing paraphilias.

A)Biological
B)Learning
C)Psychoanalytic
D)Structural

Question 21

Hebephilia denotes a form of pedophilia in which the subject has a specific erotic preference for

A)young adolescent girls.
B)young adolescent boys.
C)children under five years old.
D)watching young children touch each other.

Question 22

Mark is an exhibitionist who is socially awkward, often anxious, impulsive, obsessive, and sexually immature.A clinician would describe him as a(n) _____ exhibitionist.

A)unaware
B)delayed
C)inhibited
D)assaultive

Question 23

Research indicates that sadomasochists tend to view their activities as a:

A)lifestyle that is fully integrated into their daily lives.
B)total state of being that is larger than the individual.
C)sickness that causes them feelings of shame and guilt.
D)recreational activity only that is separate from the rest of their lives.

Question 24

Which paraphilia is characterized by deriving sexual pleasure from looking at intentionally erotic objects, such as pornographic magazines or movies?

A)voyeurism
B)scopophilia
C)toucherism
D)frotteurism

Question 25

Hypermasculinity, humiliation, the administration of pain, and physical restriction are the four main types of behavior associated with:

A)sadomasochism.
B)transvestitism.
C)homosexuality.
D)hedonism.

Question 26

Necrophilia is characterized by experiencing sexual arousal from:

A)animals.
B)corpses.
C)weapons.
D)having sex in public places.

Question 27

Ed almost always masturbates when he engages in exhibitionism, and he often displays concurrent paraphilias such as scatologia and frotteurism.A clinician would characterize him as a(n) _____ exhibitionist.

A)unaware
B)delayed
C)inhibited
D)assaultive

Question 28

Psychologists consider _____ a persistent mental disorder characterized by the achievement of sexual arousal through the compulsion to show one's genitals to an unsuspecting stranger.

A)voyeurism
B)exhibitionism
C)scopophilia
D)hermaphroditism

Question 29

Which stage of the sexual addiction cycle is characterized by all-consuming thoughts about sex and an obsessive search for sexual-stimulation?

A)Despair
B)Preoccupation
C)Compulsivity
D)Ritualization

Question 30

Men who experience sexual arousal and gratification from smelling, chewing, or otherwise utilizing sweaty or soiled clothing or articles of menstrual hygiene have developed:

A)troilism.
B)urophilia.
C)mysophilia.
D)coprophilia.

Question 31

Sexual _____ is a paraphilia in which individuals are aroused by fantasies, urges, and behaviors that involve being the recipient of psychological or physical suffering.

A)sadism
B)masochism
C)troilism
D)tribadism

Question 32

Sam, whose cognitive function has been impaired by a traumatic brain injury, has been exposing his genitals to strangers.His doctor has labeled him a(n) _____ exhibitionist.

A)unaware
B)delayed
C)inhibited
D)assaultive

Question 33

Taking anti-androgen drugs may help curb paraphilic urges because these drugs:

A)induce vomiting every time a man ejaculates.
B)Reduce testosterone levels, thus lowering overall sexual desire and arousal.
C)block the flow of blood to the penis, thus preventing erection.
D)reduce performance anxiety, thus allowing men to fulfill their sexual desires with socially appropriate partners.

Question 34

Sexual _____ is a paraphilia in which a person becomes sexually aroused through fantasies and/or behaviors that involve inflicting psychological or physical suffering on another person.

A)sadism
B)troilism
C)masochism
D)tribadism

Question 35

In clinical terms, a heterosexual male who becomes sexually aroused from wearing women's clothing is considered a

A)transsexual.
B)voyeur.
C)transvestite.
D)sissy.

Question 36

Ephebophilia denotes a form of pedophilia in which the subject has a specific erotic preference for

A)pre-pubescent girls.
B)young adolescent boys.
C)children under five years old.
D)watching young children touch each other.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT one of the three most common criminal sex offenses in the United States?

A)exhibitionism
B)voyeurism
C)necrophilia
D)pedophilia

Question 38

Someone who becomes recurrently sexually excited by watching unsuspecting people get undressed or have sex is considered a:

A)transvestite.
B)exhibitionist.
C)voyeur.
D)queer.

Question 39

In order for a paraphilia to be classified in the DSM-IV, an individual must have experienced sexual pleasure from the thoughts or behavior for at least how long?

A)one day
B)two weeks
C)six months
D)one year

Question 40

Individuals who derive erotic arousal in relation to someone who is an amputee develop:

A)urophilia.
B)necrophilia.
C)mysophilia.
D)acrotomophilia.

Question 41

Clinical research shows that concurrent conditions often contribute to the perpetuation of sexual addictions.For male sex addicts, the most common concurrent condition is:

A)domestic violence.
B)substance abuse.
C)eating disorders.
D)gambling.

Question 42

The term pedophilia was first was coined by Krafft-Ebing in 1886.

Question 43

In the contemporary United States, the most common way of treating men who suffer from paraphilias that interfere with daily life is to perform chemical castration on them.

Question 44

Although most people who were sexually abused as children do not become pedophiles, being sexually abused as a child does put that person at higher risk for developing pedophilia.

Question 45

The clinical term _____ indicates that someone engages in sexual activity so frequently that the behavior appears to be a compulsion.

A)hyposexual
B)microsexual
C)hypersexual
D)microsexual

Question 46

If confronted with an exhibitionist, practitioners recommend that a victim never _____, because that may increase the perpetrator's level of hostility.

A)cry
B)laugh
C)get angry
D)express shock

Question 47

Since both ADHD and paraphilias are disorders related to poor impulse control, children with ADHD are at higher risk for developing paraphilias as adults.

Question 48

Adherents of psychoanalytic theory argue that if little boys experience traumatic psychological separation from their mothers, they may grow up forming deviant sexual desires.

Question 49

Clinical research shows that concurrent conditions often contribute to the perpetuation of sexual addictions.For female sex addicts, the most common concurrent condition is:

A)child abuse.
B)substance abuse.
C)eating disorders.
D)compulsive shopping.

Question 50

Although paraphilias are present in other cultures, they are primarily a Western phenomenon.

Question 51

A pedophile engaged in the process of "grooming" is:

A)making an attempt to transform the targeted child into a visual image of what they find most erotically appealing.
B)taking steps to distance the targeted child from the adults who supervise her.
C)gradually desensitizing the child to being physically touched.
D)making the environment more inviting to the targeted child.

Question 52

Which treatment for paraphilia involves pairing a deviant fantasy or arousal with either a mild electric shock or unpleasant smells?

A)hormone therapy
B)aversion therapy
C)covert conditioning
D)orgasmic conditioning

Question 53

Ritualization refers to the stage of the sexual addiction cycle that is characterized by:

A)all-consuming thoughts about sex and an obsessive search for sexual-stimulation.
B)an intensification of the routine(s) that lead up to the sexual behavior, which adds to the arousal and excitement.
C)experiencing guilt and despair as the behavior becomes such a central part of the person's identity that it negatively affects all other areas of the person's life.
D)entering a treatment program to address the addiction.

Question 54

Research indicates that cybersex addiction has relatively little emotional impact on the addict's intimate partner because most people don't consider Internet sex a form of cheating.

Question 55

Research by Peer Briken and colleagues indicates that there are three common symptoms of sexual addiction.Which of the following is NOT one of those symptoms?

A)child molestation
B)compulsive masturbation
C)dependence on pornography
D)extended periods of promiscuity

Question 56

In order to be medically classified as a pedophile, an individual must be at least 16 years old and at least five years older than his or her targeted interest.

Question 57

There is considerable agreement among mental health professionals today about which variations in sexual behavior should be classified as paraphilias in the DSM-IV-TR.

Question 58

Most exhibitionists are men over the age of forty.

Question 59

Ann's psychological profile designates her as _____, or someone who has little or no interest in sexuality.

A)hyposexual
B)microsexual
C)hypersexual
D)macrosexual

Question 60

The _____ stage of the sexual addiction cycle is marked by the addict's increasing sense of hopelessness and acknowledgment that he is powerlessness to stop the behavior on his own.

A)preoccupation
B)ritualization
C)compulsive
D)despair

Question 61

Why are paraphilias found predominantly in Western cultures such as the United States?

Question 62

After reviewing the many sexual variations described in this chapter, classify each one in terms of intrusive/non-intrusive, consensual/non-consensual, and contact/non-contact behaviors.Discuss why it is important to make these distinctions, and explain how such distinctions are related to the social stigma attached to each type of sexual variations? Use specific examples from the text to support your answer.

Question 63

Describe the four stages of Carnes' sexual addiction model.On what more general model of addiction is his model based? In what ways does sexual addiction seem to be similar to other forms of addiction (gambling, substance abuse, etc.)? Is there anything unique about sexual addiction that may make it more difficult for addicts to rely on this model to effectively address their addiction?

Question 64

Although often used interchangeably, a child molester and a pedophile are not technically the same thing.Use clinical terminology to explain how they are different.

Question 65

One study of college students found that a majority of those surveyed reported that they would watch someone undress if they knew they wouldn't be caught, and almost half reported they would watch people have sex under the same condition.Does this qualify as scientific evidence that nearly 50 percent of college students could be clinically classified as voyeurs? Why or why not?

Question 66

Provide evidence that the behavior associated with zoophilia extends throughout known human history.

Question 67

There are four primary types of treatment being used with paraphilics today.Describe each treatment approach and explain why it is expected to disrupt the behavior.

Question 68

Summarize the existing debate within the clinical community concerning whether sexual variations should be classified in the DSM-IV-TRM.Consider the legal, medical, and social implications of including or removing all or some of the paraphilias from the DSM.Outline your position on this subject, providing specific evidence to support your argument.

Question 69

What three emotional responses from victims do exhibitionists tend to desire and why?
Essay:

Question 70

Although the Internet does not cause people to develop sexual addictions, this medium has provided a new type of outlet for people who engage in sexually compulsive behaviors.After describing what sexually compulsive behavior is, discuss what form this behavior tends to take when combined with Internet use.

Question 71

What four "warning signs" do healthcare professionals identify as possibly indicating that someone has developed a cybersex addiction?

Question 72

There is clear evidence that men are much more likely than women to develop paraphilias.Using each of the major theories presented in this chapter, evaluate the explanations that have been developed to explain why paraphilias are more prevalent in the male population.

Question 73

Although the Internet does not cause people to develop sexual addictions, this medium in particular appears to facilitate the development of such addictions.What features of the Internet contribute to participation in sexually compulsive behavior?

Question 74

Describe the function of a safe word among those adults who engage in consensual SM.

Question 75

A majority of exhibitionists show their victims their penis, but some also engage in other behaviors.Identify at least three other actions exhibitionists may engage in and note how common these behaviors are among people who expose themselves.