Deck 18: Gastrointestinal and Accessory Organ Problems

Question 1

General nutrition guidelines for a patient with a peptic ulcer center around eating a

A) well-balanced diet as tolerated, rich in antioxidants.
B) high-protein, low-fiber diet with no seasonings.
C) high-protein diet and regularly scheduled meals.
D) low-fiber diet with no seasonings and no milk or cream.

Answer 1

A
A patient with a peptic ulcer should eat a general.well-balanced diet as tolerated.rich in antioxidants to help restore gastrointestinal well-being.

Question 2

A patient with a history of diverticulosis who complains of severe.left lower quadrant pain with diarrhea.nausea.and vomiting should be evaluated for

A) diverticulitis.
B) obstruction.
C) appendicitis.
D) celiac disease.

Answer 2

A
Diverticulitis develops when the small pouches or pockets in the muscular mucosal lining of the small intestine (diverticula)become infected.The infected area is painful and can present with diarrhea.nausea.and vomiting.

Question 3

Patients with irritable bowel syndrome may benefit from regular use of

A) antioxidant-rich foods.
B) iron supplements.
C) antibiotics.
D) probiotics and prebiotics.

Answer 3

D
Probiotics and prebiotics may help relieve symptoms for patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Question 4

Small outpouchings in the lower gastrointestinal tract are called

A) hernias.
B) lesions.
C) diverticula.
D) epiploic appendages.

Question 5

A major difficulty in treating hepatitis is that

A) the person must stay in isolation for a long time.
B) the person can have only a clear liquid diet.
C) the person usually has a poor appetite.
D) typically only one kind of antibiotic will cure it.

Question 6

To reduce the incidence of constipation.an appropriate dietary intervention would be to

A) encourage daily use of over-the-counter laxatives.
B) include at least one serving of yogurt daily.
C) include natural laxatives such as dried apricots and prunes.
D) decrease fluid intake since this may interfere with bowel regularity.

Question 7

Viral hepatitis can be contracted through

A) ingestion of contaminated food or water.
B) airborne viruses from coughing and sneezing.
C) physical contact with an infected person.
D) alcohol abuse.

Question 8

The lower esophageal sphincter muscle controls entry of food into the

A) esophagus.
B) stomach.
C) small intestine.
D) rectum.

Question 9

A cause of diarrhea is

A) drinking too much liquid with a meal.
B) lactose intolerance.
C) excessive intake of protein.
D) swallowing air while eating.

Question 10

Hepatitis is usually the result of

A) a viral infection, alcohol abuse, or drug abuse.
B) a bacterial or viral infection.
C) excessive fat and protein intake.
D) chronic malnutrition.

Question 11

In order to promote health of liver cells and prevent fatty infiltration.patients with liver disease should consume

A) low intakes of refined carbohydrates.
B) generous intakes of antioxidants.
C) mostly unsaturated sources of fat.
D) moderately high protein intakes.

Question 12

The characteristic symptoms of celiac disease are

A) vomiting and diarrhea.
B) diarrhea and steatorrhea.
C) abdominal pain and constipation.
D) chronic, bloody diarrhea.

Question 13

A food that should be omitted from the diet of a patient with peptic ulcer disease is

A) black pepper.
B) apple juice.
C) milk.
D) popcorn.

Question 14

The term used to describe difficulty in swallowing is

A) pyrosis.
B) polydipsia.
C) dysphagia.
D) dyspepsia.

Question 15

An eroded mucosal area in the central portion of the gastrointestinal tract describes a

A) hiatal hernia.
B) diverticulum.
C) peptic ulcer.
D) Crohn's lesion.

Question 16

Many people who have gastroesophageal reflux are

A) underweight.
B) obese.
C) male.
D) children.

Question 17

Most ulcers occur in the

A) esophagus.
B) stomach.
C) duodenal bulb.
D) ileum.

Question 18

Treatment for diverticulosis includes a diet that is

A) bland.
B) low in fiber.
C) high in fiber.
D) a full liquid diet.

Question 19

The treatment of hepatitis includes

A) rest and optimal nutrition.
B) antibiotics and optimal nutrition.
C) fluid restriction and rest.
D) diuretics and optimal nutrition.

Question 20

If a resident who has Parkinson's disease and resides in a long-term care facility has recurring pneumonia and coughs while eating.this may be evidence of

A) dysphasia.
B) dysphagia.
C) achalasia.
D) dyspnea.

Question 21

The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder is called

A) cholecystitis.
B) cholelithiasis.
C) cholecystectomy.
D) cholecystokinin.

Question 22

Crohn's disease is

A) a disorder of protein metabolism.
B) a chronic enzyme deficiency.
C) an over-production of insulin.
D) an inflammatory bowel disease.

Question 23

The major nutrition problem related to development of ascites is

A) a protein deficiency.
B) an excessive fat intake.
C) a deficiency of digestive enzymes.
D) an excessive sodium intake.

Question 24

Patients with cystic fibrosis need to take

A) enzymes and supplements.
B) large doses of vitamins and minerals.
C) antidiarrheal agents.
D) hormones and enzymes.

Question 25

Nutrition therapy for gallbladder disorders includes

A) reducing cholesterol intake.
B) eliminating gas-forming foods.
C) lowering fat intake.
D) increasing caloric intake.

Question 26

The most important function of the gallbladder is to

A) produce bile.
B) synthesize cholesterol.
C) release lipase enzymes.
D) concentrate and store bile.

Question 27

Ascites.a localized edema of the peritoneal cavity.is caused by

A) low plasma protein levels.
B) excessive sodium intake.
C) too much fat in the diet.
D) excessive fluid intake.

Question 28

A food choice that would help provide adequate protein for recovery from hepatitis is

A) grilled chicken.
B) an apple turnover.
C) fruit salad.
D) an English muffin.

Question 29

A food that individuals with celiac disease would need to eliminate is

A) cream of wheat.
B) homemade applesauce.
C) vanilla yogurt.
D) buttermilk.

Question 30

An elemental diet provides

A) all necessary vitamins and minerals.
B) all nutrients needed in a bland, low-residue form.
C) all nutrients needed in their simplest, absorbable form.
D) a diet high in mineral elements.

Question 31

The most appropriate snack for a patient with cirrhosis of the liver would be

A) chicken noodle soup.
B) pretzels with peanut butter.
C) chips and salsa.
D) yogurt with raspberries.

Question 32

Pathologic changes in the liver caused by cirrhosis include

A) fatty infiltration.
B) spongy tissue formation.
C) gallstone formation.
D) edema and swelling.

Question 33

A food that is considered a common food allergen is

A) peanut butter.
B) rice crackers.
C) lemonade.
D) chocolate.

Question 34

A clinical symptom of gallbladder inflammation or gallstones is

A) pain and distention after eating.
B) jaundice.
C) anorexia.
D) weakness and apathy.

Question 35

Bile is produced by the

A) gallbladder.
B) pancreas.
C) liver.
D) intestine.

Question 36

A food that individuals with celiac disease might need to avoid is

A) malted milk.
B) buttermilk.
C) rice.
D) prune juice.

Question 37

A food item that may be restricted in the patient with cirrhosis is

A) apple slices.
B) orange sherbet.
C) hotdog.
D) peas.

Question 38

The primary objective of treatment of hepatic encephalopathy is to

A) encourage the patient to eat.
B) feed the patient parenterally to give the liver a rest.
C) remove sources of excess ammonia.
D) encourage the patient to exercise and maintain mental functions.