Deck 17: Chordata: Urochordata and Cephalochordata

Question 1

Members of the phylum __________ include acorn worms and pterobranchs.

A) Hemichordata
B) Echinodermata
C) Echiura
D) Chordata
E) Pogonophora

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The ciliated groove that extends longitudinally along the midventral aspect of the pharynx in cephalochordates is the

A) atrium.
B) midgut cecum.
C) cirrus.
D) endostyle.
E) myotome.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The unattached end of adult urochordates contains two openings on projecting stalks that permit seawater to circulate through the body. They are called

A) metapleural folds
B) siphons
C) tunicates
D) diverticulae
E) stolons

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The common name acorn worm is derived from the appearance of the __________ of these worms.

A) collar
B) proboscis
C) hepatic cecum
D) trunk
E) tunic

Question 5

A dorsal tubular nerve cord and pharyngeal gill slits are considered to be evidence of evolutionary ties between hemichordates and

A) echiurans.
B) echinoderms.
C) phoronids.
D) sipunculans.
E) chordates.

Question 6

In the tunicates, __________ on the outside of the intestine may function in excretion.

A) rectal cecae
B) chloragogen tissue
C) pyloric glands
D) malpighian tubules
E) coelomocytes

Question 7

The ciliated larva of an acorn worm is called the

A) brachiolaria.
B) bipinnaria.
C) tornaria.
D) trochophore.
E) pluteus.

Question 8

Increased larval motility is often adaptive for species with sedentary adults because it promotes

A) dispersal.
B) sexual reproduction.
C) ease of feeding.
D) prey selection.
E) habitat selection.

Question 9

Development in the tunicates involves a __________ larval stage.

A) planula
B) trochophore
C) tornaria
D) tadpole
E) androgenic

Question 10

Acorn worms belong to the class

A) Ascidacea.
B) Concentricycloidea.
C) Pterobranchia.
D) Enteropneusta.
E) Thaliacea.

Question 11

Which of the following animals is not in the phylum Chordata?

A) sea squirts
B) salps
C) acorn worms
D) hagfish
E) lampreys

Question 12

Which class contains the ray-finned fishes?

A) Actinopterygii
B) Sarcopterygii
C) Pterobranchia
D) Chondrichthyes
E) Thaliacea

Question 13

In chordates, the __________ is a dorsal rod, with a sheath of connective tissue, functioning in support.

A) spinal column
B) endostyle
C) hemichord
D) backbone
E) notochord

Question 14

These animals are commonly used in introductory zoology courses because they possess all four chordate characteristics throughout their life.

A) sea squirts
B) appendicularians
C) salps
D) amphioxus
E) acorn worms

Question 15

Fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals are all members of the subphylum

A) Hyperotreti.
B) Urochordata.
C) Cephalochordata.
D) Craniata.
E) Ascidiacea.

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of animals in the phylum Hemichordate?

A) closed circulatory system
B) incomplete digestive tract
C) ciliated pharyngeal slits
D) indeterminate cleavage
E) blastopore develops into the mouth

Question 17

Terrestrial vertebrates made their appearance approximately 400 million years ago, near the end of this period:

A) Permian
B) Ordovician
C) Devonian
D) Cambrian
E) Triassic

Question 18

Tentacles, known as __________ surround the oral hood of the cephalochordate.

A) cirri
B) lophophores
C) apical tufts
D) villi
E) cilia

Question 19

In chordates, the __________ are a series of openings in the pharyngeal region, between the digestive tract and the outside of the body.

A) gill slits
B) atriopores
C) stoma
D) diverticulae
E) siphons

Question 20

The fossil record of the vertebrates is relatively well documented because

A) they were so common.
B) they lived in shallow water, where fossils often are found.
C) there were few scavengers at that time to disrupt the skeletons.
D) they had hard body parts.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 21

Which of the following is not one of the four characteristics seen in all chordates at some time in their life history?

A) tubular nerve cord
B) mouth developed from blastopore
C) notochord
D) pharyngeal gill slits
E) postanal tail

Question 22

In the vertebrates, the notochord

A) is present dorsal to the nerve cord.
B) is present ventral to the gut.
C) serves as the chondrocranium.
D) has been transformed into the ear bones.
E) is replaced by the vertebrae in almost all species.

Question 23

The tunic of tunicates is composed of proteins, various salts, and

A) glycoprotein.
B) sclerotin.
C) glycogen.
D) cellulose.
E) chitin.

Question 24

In the enteropneusts, the anterior region of the digestive tract, which contains the gills, is the

A) pharynx.
B) esophagus.
C) buccal cavity.
D) atrium.
E) stomach.

Question 25

Root-like extensions of the tunic called __________ are used to anchor a tunicate to the substrate.

A) canaliculi
B) interstyles
C) joints
D) rhizomes
E) stolons

Question 26

Synchronous breeding by enteropneusts suggests the presence of

A) asexual reproduction.
B) epitoky.
C) parthenogenesis.
D) protandry.
E) pheromones.

Question 27

The cavity surrounding the pharynx of a tunicate is called the

A) atrium.
B) hemocoel.
C) coelom.
D) nephrocoel.
E) branchiocoel.

Question 28

Coiled masses of fecal material called __________ are deposited on the substrate at one of the openings of the burrow of an enteropneust.

A) castings
B) mucus
C) detritus
D) particulate matter
E) pseudofeces

Question 29

Hemichordates are characterized by having all of the following body regions, except one. Select the exception.

A) Proboscis
C) Collar
B) Abdomen
D) Trunk

Question 30

The gill slits perforating the pharynx of a tunicate are called

A) stenolaemata.
B) stigmas.
C) gymnolaemata.
D) lanquets.
E) laminae.

Question 31

The nervous system of enteropneusts is __________ in origin.

A) enterocoelous
B) ectodermal
C) mesodermal
D) endodermal
E) schizocoelous

Question 32

Members of this group of hemichordates mostly live in deep waters of the Southern Hemisphere and in habit secreted tubes in asexually produced colonies.

A) Enteropneusta
B) Pterobranchia
C) Ascidiacea
D) Thaliacea

Question 33

Question 34

Exchange of respiratory gases in enteropneusts is accomplished at the gill slits and by

A) diffusion in alveolar lungs.
B) active transport in the tracheal system.
C) diffusion across the body wall.
D) facilitated diffusion in dermal branchiae.
E) facilitated diffusion in book gills.

Question 35

Members of the phylum Chordata possess all of the following characteristics, except one. Select the exception.

A) Endostyle or thyroid gland
B) Dorsal tubular nerve cord
C) Postanal tail
D) Pharyngeal slits
E) Open circulatory system

Question 36

__________ cells in the circulatory system of tunicates accumulate nitrogenous wastes.

A) Erythrocyte
B) Endocyte
C) Exocyte
D) Ameboid
E) Lymphoid

Question 37

The circulatory system of enteropneusts sends blood anteriorly into a series of sinuses called the __________, that may filter excretory wastes.

A) nephridium
B) flame bulb
C) renette
D) glomerulus
E) renal corpuscle

Question 38

Members of which of the following groups are planktonic as adults and possess a tail and notochord that persist into the adult stage?

A) Ascidiacea
B) Thaliacea
C) Appendicularia
D) Enteropneusta

Question 39

When we say "my heart was in my throat," that might also apply to tunicates, as their heart is in their

A) oral siphon.
B) endostyle.
C) atrial siphon.
D) stigma.
E) pharynx.

Question 40

Unlike the classic ascidacean sea squirts, some urochordates, such as the salps, may be

A) sessile.
B) carnivores.
C) armed with jaws.
D) bioluminescence and sessile
E) bioluminescent, planktonic, and swarmers

Question 41

The endostyle of urochordates was the evolutionary forerunner of the ___________ of vertebrates.

A) thymus
B) pituitary gland
C) pancreas
D) thyroid gland

Question 42

Members of the subphylum Cephalochordata are called

A) lancelets.
B) tunicates.
C) ammocoetes.
D) salps.
E) dolioids.

Question 43

Nutritionally, pterobranchs are

A) filter feeders.
B) parasitic.
C) mutualistic.
D) commensalists
E) predators.