Deck 9: Water and Electrolyte Balance

Question 1

Plasma proteins and electrolytes are examples of solutes

A) filtered from the plasma by the kidneys.
B) found in body fluids that influence the movement of water.
C) released into the plasma by the liver.
D) recycled by the mucosa during digestion.

Answer 1

B
Plasma proteins.mainly in the form of albumin and globulin.are organic compounds of large molecular size responsible for controlling water movement in the body and guarding blood volume by influencing the shift of water in and out of capillaries in balance with the surrounding water.Electrolytes are particles that are free to move throughout a solution to maintain chemical balance.

Question 2

Cations primarily responsible for controlling body water distribution are

A) sodium and chloride.
B) calcium and phosphorus.
C) sodium and potassium.
D) sodium and bicarbonate.

Answer 2

C
Sodium and potassium are cations that control the distribution of water in the body.Sodium is the major extracellular electrolyte and potassium is the major intracellular electrolyte.

Question 3

What is an example of a substance that can pass through a capillary membrane?

A) Glucose
B) Hemoglobin
C) Plasma proteins
D) Antibodies

Answer 3

A
Glucose passes through a capillary membrane.The walls of the capillaries are thin and porous; therefore water molecules and small particles can move freely across them.

Question 4

A person is most likely to have a high body water content if he or she is

A) overweight.
B) underweight.
C) a bodybuilder.
D) sedentary.

Question 5

The term extracellular fluid includes

A) plasma and tissue secretions.
B) plasma and fluid inside cells.
C) fluid surrounding cells and in beverages.
D) fluid surrounding cells and fluid inside cells.

Question 6

Functions of water in the body include

A) providing an energy source.
B) temperature control.
C) nerve impulse transmission.
D) transport of vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Question 7

The hormone that conserves body water is

A) the vitamin D hormone.
B) the antidiuretic hormone.
C) aldosterone.
D) the parathyroid hormone.

Question 8

The hormone responsible for promoting conservation of sodium in the kidney is

A) aldosterone.
B) the antidiuretic hormone.
C) angiotensin.
D) renin.

Question 9

A basic mechanism for maintaining body hydration is

A) thirst.
B) electrolyte balance.
C) acid-base balance.
D) activity level.

Question 10

An acid has a pH

A) greater than 7.0.
B) lower than 7.0.
C) greater than 5.0.
D) lower than 5.0.

Question 11

Mr.J.consumes approximately 1500 mL/day from fluid contained in liquids and foods and from the metabolism of foods.What percent of his fluid requirement does he meet if he requires 2400 mL/day?

A) 41%
B) 51%
C) 62%
D) 84%

Question 12

An example of an electrolyte is

A) glucose.
B) iron.
C) potassium.
D) carbon dioxide.

Question 13

The two minerals that occur in the extracellular fluid and regulate water balance are

A) calcium and potassium.
B) sodium and chloride.
C) phosphorus and magnesium.
D) potassium and magnesium.

Question 14

An example of a cation is

A) sodium.
B) phosphate.
C) carbonate.
D) sulfate.

Question 15

The organic molecule responsible for creating colloidal osmotic pressure is

A) glucose.
B) an electrolyte.
C) protein.
D) sodium.

Question 16

The term used to denote concentration of electrolytes in a given volume is

A) valence.
B) colloidal osmotic pressure.
C) pH.
D) milliequivalent.

Question 17

Water formed from metabolism comes from

A) that which is contained in foods.
B) moving from compartment to compartment.
C) what is absorbed from gastrointestinal secretions.
D) the oxidation of nutrients in the cells.

Question 18

The ways in which water and solutes move across membranes include

A) diffusion and filtration.
B) capillary action and circulation.
C) peristalsis and contraction.
D) conduction and pulsation.

Question 19

The kidneys must excrete water in the urine because

A) the body needs to get rid of the ingested water.
B) water provides the vehicle for excretion of waste products.
C) they physiologically cannot retain all the water.
D) hormones ensure that a maximal amount of water is retained by the body.

Question 20

The approximate volume of digestive secretions produced by the stomach each day is

A) 1000 mL.
B) 1500 mL.
C) 2000 mL.
D) 2500 mL.

Question 21

For osmosis to occur there must be

A) a semipermeable membrane.
B) cations and anions.
C) membrane channels.
D) hormonal control.

Question 22

A patient who is experiencing severe diarrhea and vomiting would have

A) increased body water requirements.
B) decreased body water requirements.
C) no change in body water requirements.
D) an immediate need for intravenous fluid.

Question 23

Plasma proteins maintain colloidal osmotic pressure because

A) they are large molecules.
B) proteins are not found in the cells.
C) proteins are positively charged.
D) they contain water as part of their structure.

Question 24

What is the predominant regulator of circulating blood volume?

A) Blood pressure
B) Plasma proteins
C) Water intake
D) Hormones

Question 25

Thirst tends to be an unreliable index of fluid needs in

A) infants.
B) pregnant women.
C) breast-feeding women.
D) older adults.

Question 26

The kidneys clean the blood by

A) osmosis.
B) filtration.
C) active transport.
D) diffusion.

Question 27

Water retention would be the result of which of the following hormones?

A) The antidiuretic hormone
B) Estrogen
C) Progesterone
D) Insulin

Question 28

Treatment for diarrhea in children is to

A) withhold oral intake and immediately begin intravenous fluids until diarrhea stops.
B) sponge with an electrolyte solution of sodium, potassium, and sugar.
C) give an age-appropriate diet along with oral fluids that contain sodium, potassium, sugar, and sodium bicarbonate.
D) administer the BRAT (bananas, rice, applesauce, and tea) diet.

Question 29

The electrolyte present in the most abundance in gastric digestive fluids is

A) chloride.
B) potassium.
C) sodium.
D) bicarbonate.

Question 30

Oral rehydration therapy is preferred over intravenous therapy for fluid replacement caused by diarrhea because it

A) is quicker.
B) tastes better.
C) is more readily available.
D) provides electrolytes as well as fluid.