Deck 18: The Third Force Movement

Question 1

Which of the following is not consistent with the goals of the phenomenological method?

A) the apprehension of phenomenal structures
B) the explanation of phenomenal appearance through causal bases
C) the investigation of origins and bases of experienced phenomena
D) the study of ways phenomena may be perceived
E) the use of intuition, reflection, and description

Answer 1

the explanation of phenomenal appearance through causal bases

Question 2

Nietzsche's belief that God is dead led him to conclude:

A) in the materialistic basis of science.
B) that the mind-body dualism is not correct.
C) that the individual is securely free to chose among environmental options.
D) that the individual can derive security from social interactions.
E) that the individual is alone and forlorn.

Answer 2

that the individual is alone and forlorn.

Question 3

Heidegger believed we are:

A) alienated from being as objects.
B) alienated from being as living.
C) alienated from freedom.
D) devoid of subjective experiences.
E) divorced from reality.

Answer 3

alienated from being as living.

Question 4

Buber believed that the individual is defined through:

A) faith.
B) reason.
C) dialectics.
D) experience.
E) dialogue.

Question 5

The highest level of "being" for Jaspers, characterized by personal attainment of meaning, is:

A) being-there.
B) being-oneself.
C) being-in-itself.
D) being-in-consciousness.
E) non-being.

Question 6

The process of moving from specific experiences to the integrative level of unifying experience was termed by Husserl as:

A) the bracketing of being.
B) the assimilation of cultural context.
C) transcendental reduction.
D) empirical reduction.
E) metaphysical reduction.

Question 7

Sartre believed that:

A) environmental forces determined consciousness.
B) consciousness determined environmental forces.
C) freedom is illusory.
D) essence precedes existence.
E) existence precedes essence.

Question 8

Binswanger insisted that the therapist should focus on:

A) primitive drives.
B) childhood experiences.
C) the patient's freedom.
D) the patient's unconscious.
E) the patient's perception of experience.

Question 9

According to Husserl, the bridge between physical knowledge and philosophical knowledge should be the province of:

A) psychology.
B) phenomenology.
C) physiology.
D) metaphysics.
E) empiricism.

Question 10

Heidegger suggested that true individual authenticity comes from:

A) anxiety.
B) adjusting to the concept of death.
C) the belief in the validity of rational thought.
D) the accumulation of conceptual abstractions.
E) transcending the limits of speech.

Question 11

Psychology for Merleau-Ponty is the study of:

A) freedom.
B) anxiety.
C) intentionality.
D) environmental determination.
E) human activity.

Question 12

Within Mounier's personalism, the greatest existential certainty is expressed in the phrase:

A) "I desire, therefore I am."
B) "I move, therefore I am."
C) "I think, therefore I am."
D) "I will, therefore I am."
E) "I love, therefore I am."

Question 13

For Husserl, consciousness is the person's:

A) awareness of the environment.
B) self-reflection.
C) intuition.
D) experiencing of an object.
E) belief in causal elements.

Question 14

One commonly shared view among expressions of the third force movement is:

A) an acceptance of reductionistic methodologies.
B) that human experience differs from the rest of life only in terms of complexity.
C) that personal freedom and accompanying responsibility lead to self- fulfillment.
D) that human experience is dependent upon environmental sources.
E) that human psychology is determined by external forces.

Question 15

Which of the following was not derived from the German tradition of mental activity?

A) structural psychology
B) Gestalt psychology
C) psychoanalysis
D) behaviorism
E) the third force movement

Question 16

For Sartre, the only compulsion in life is to:

A) have faith.
B) have reason.
C) choose.
D) be resigned to fate.
E) love.

Question 17

Merleau-Ponty believed experience is:

A) environmentally determined.
B) the product of sensations.
C) physiologically based.
D) private and individual.
E) unconscious.

Question 18

Ultimately, Wojtyla's "law of the gift" describes human motivation in terms of:

A) strife and love.
B) aggression and sexuality.
C) pain and pleasure.
D) self-actualization and self-transcendence.
E) self-perfection and self-donation.

Question 19

For Allport, the unity of personal strivings, the sense of individuality, and the attainment of self-knowledge result from a process of:

A) belonging.
B) becoming.
C) energy reduction.
D) discovering.
E) choosing.

Question 20

A pervading theme of Camus' writings is the sense of:

A) life's absurdity.
B) individual freedom.
C) determinism.
D) loneliness.
E) resignation.

Question 21

Maslow's progression of need satisfaction leads to:

A) freedom.
B) self-knowledge.
C) awareness.
D) self-actualization.
E) self-reflection.

Question 22

The contemporary third force movement is:

A) unified.
B) fragmented.
C) dominant in Europe.
D) empirical.
E) a strong system of psychology.

Question 23

Rogers' client-centered therapy focused on:

A) personal freedom.
B) approach-avoidance conflicts.
C) instinctual striving.
D) the experiencing self.
E) the norms of behavior.

Question 24

Perhaps the clearest statement of American psychology based upon existential principles was proposed by:

A) Sartre.
B) Allport.
C) Binswanger.
D) Rogers.
E) van Kaam.

Question 25

One major problem in accepting the third force movement into mainstream psychology is its de-emphasis of:

A) reductionism.
B) phenomenology.
C) clinical applications.
D) empiricism.
E) research.