Deck 2: Psychology in the Ancient and Classical East

Question 1

Cite some examples of Hindu achievements in science.

Answer 1

not answer

Question 2

How were good and evil portrayed in Zarathustrian teachings?

Answer 2

not answer

Question 3

How did Confucius' successors change or support his teachings?

Answer 3

not answer

Question 4

How would you describe the impact of Eastern philosophical and religious perspectives on contemporary applications of psychology?

Question 5

Eastern and Western cultural traditions:

A) were completely independent until the 20th century.
B) maintained close ties throughout history.
C) benefited from limited but fairly consistent contact during the 20th and 21st centuries.
D) had little in common until the 20th century.
E) were completely integrated by the 17th century.

Question 6

Describe how psychology is subsumed into guidelines of individual deportment within existing Chinese social structures.

Question 7

Persia and the Middle East have played pivotal roles in history because of their:

A) position as the crossroads between Eastern and Western cultures.
B) traditions of powerful armies.
C) invention of algebra.
D) discovery of vast oil reserves.
E) religious traditions.

Question 8

How were principles of relativity expressed in early Chinese moral and religious teachings, such as I-Ching?

Question 9

What was the compact between God and the Jewish people, and how did this belief influence Jewish society and moral behavior?

Question 10

How did Buddhist teachings change when imported to Shintoist Japan?

Question 11

Describe Persia's role as a crossroads between Eastern and Western cultures.

Question 12

Cite some examples of historical influences from the East on the development of psychology.

Question 13

How is the concept of unity used in Hindu philosophies?

Question 14

Consider the distinctive assumptions concerning the nature of the person within psychology as a Western development in relation to those within Eastern philosophies and religious systems.

Question 15

Contrast the religious polytheism of ancient Egypt with the monotheism of Judaism?

Question 16

What is the goal of human existence in Buddhist teachings?

Question 17

Psychology in the West was built on the assumption of:

A) pantheistic unity.
B) mind-body dualism.
C) spiritual monism.
D) spiritual materialism.
E) transcendental meditation.

Question 18

What assumptions about essential human experience distinguish Eastern perspectives on psychology from those in the West?

Question 19

Discuss the level of learning and scholarship of ancient China.

Question 20

Describe the traditional reliance on imported Chinese scholarship and value.

Question 21

Rules of deportment in Confucius' teachings are guided by:

A) absolute values and individual assertion.
B) relative values and family organization.
C) individual assertion and self-conscious belief.
D) rational guidelines.
E) sensory qualities.

Question 22

Confucius' practical philosophy taught a psychology of:

A) individualization.
B) social conformity and personal deportment.
C) personal development and leadership.
D) social striving and dynamics.
E) self-consciousness.

Question 23

Japanese interpretations of Confucian philosophy emphasize:

A) individual development.
B) self-discipline.
C) environmental-mental interactions.
D) personal loyalty.
E) social structures.

Question 24

Egypt's emergence as an ancient world power benefited from:

A) a strong navy.
B) a reliance on slave labor.
C) centralized government control.
D) monotheism.
E) creative architects.

Question 25

The lines of the I-Ching puzzle represent:

A) good and evil.
B) heaven and hell.
C) Yin and Yang.
D) Tao and Ching.
E) individuals and groups.

Question 26

Psychology in the Upanishads should lead to:

A) individual development and adaptation.
B) specific expressions of individual personality.
C) self-awareness and self-assertion.
D) group interactions and goal setting.
E) loss of individual expression.

Question 27

Hinduism is:

A) a rigid set of beliefs and values.
B) a loose system of religious and social beliefs.
C) an organized religion governed by a hierarchy of priests.
D) a system of spritual beliefs insistent on the interpretation of heaven on earth.
E) the Indian version of Buddhism.

Question 28

In general, contemporary Eastern psychology is greatly influenced by:

A) Zen philosophy.
B) Russian reflexology.
C) Shintoism.
D) biology.
E) Western psychology.

Question 29

Abraham's historical impact has left contemporary human societies with:

A) universal acceptance of the Ten Commandments.
B) three great monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
C) descendants of twelve tribes.
D) common law.
E) the importance of psychology.

Question 30

According to Buddhist teachings, our only source of knowledge is:

A) rational deduction.
B) given by God.
C) from social consensus.
D) from sensory input.
E) from reasoned deliberation.

Question 31

The covenant between God and the Jewish people led to:

A) powerful city states.
B) a legacy of architectural wonders.
C) vast territorial claims.
D) recognition of the supremacy of law.f
E) the defeat of the Persian invaders.

Question 32

Individual growth, according to general Hindu teachings, is:

A) toward greater individualization.
B) achieved by probing unconscious motivations.
C) achieved by explaining personality dynamics.
D) toward an emergence into the bliss of universal knowledge.
E) away from harmony and transcendence.

Question 33

Psychology in Buddhist teachings is founded on:

A) deportment and striving toward transcendence.
B) individual activity.
C) group activity.
D) individual consciousness.
E) individual personality.

Question 34

The Upanishads taught:

A) a reliance on the intellect and sensory knowledge.
B) a distrust of the intellect and sensory knowledge.
C) the importance of magic and the occult.
D) the importance of assisting individuality.
E) the difficulty of living a life of solitude.

Question 35

Currently, distinctions in psychological views between East and West have become:

A) sharpened.
B) clearer.
C) blurred.
D) heightened.
E) more realistic.

Question 36

Individual activity, according to Zarathustra, is propelled by:

A) God's will and plan.
B) inner organization.
C) personality.
D) the conflict between good and evil.
E) unconscious desires and aspirations.

Question 37

The goal of knowledge in the various Hindu systems is to:

A) find earthly happiness.
B) predict the person's activity in the immediate environment.
C) release the person from the particular and material.
D) seek rational deductions.
E) assist individual syles and attitudes.