Deck 11: Romanticism and Existentialism

Question 1

For psychology, the 19th century romantic movement:

A) cemented a commitment to the methods of natural science for the emerging discipline.
B) made psychology more closely aligned with physics and biology.
C) provided a check on the accelerated development of psychology as a natural science.
D) offered a viable model of psychology as a romantic art.
E) interfered with the emergence of psychology as an independent discipline.

Answer 1

provided a check on the accelerated development of psychology as a natural science.

Question 2

The romantic and existential movements of the 19th century prepared psychology for:

A) the dominance of a natural science model.
B) 20th century behavioral psychology.
C) the emergence of homogeneous models of psychology.
D) the emergence of a diversity of models for psychology.
E) the merger of psychology and physics.

Answer 2

the emergence of a diversity of models for psychology.

Question 3

von Schelling's view of the relationship between matter and the mind was reminiscent of:

A) Kierkegaard.
B) Descartes.
C) Spinoza.
D) Hobbes.
E) Condillac.

Answer 3

Spinoza.

Question 4

Rousseau assumed that all people possessed:

A) an evil nature in need of redemption.
B) a selfish center placing the individual always first before others.
C) easily led tendency.
D) human dignity capable of growth and development.
E) limiting capacities.

Question 5

Rousseau's sociological and political writings applied the:

A) fervor of the Enlightenment principles of Locke and Jefferson.
B) the cave analogy of Plato.
C) the scholastic framework of an Aristotelian worldview.
D) positivism of Comte.
E) the idealism of Kant.

Question 6

Romanticism as a 19th century movement was characterized by deep:

A) thoughts.
B) introspection.
C) emotion.
D) conflict.
E) politics.

Question 7

The core of existential philosophy states that:

A) personal freedom is an illusion.
B) the individual is free to define life's direction.
C) the individual is directed by hedonistic urges.
D) personal consciousness is reducible to environmental determinants.
E) mind-body dualism is ultimately materialistic.

Question 8

For Fichte, the:

A) universal transcends all meaning.
B) universal supersedes the individual.
C) individual's experience is determined by the universal.
D) individual consciousness gives reality its meaning.
E) ego is defined by the universal.

Question 9

Fichte moved beyond Kant's theory of the perceiving mind by positing:

A) the unconscious.
B) a first principle of the ego governed by the will.
C) a subjective essence.
D) the importance of dreams.
E) a social sense of politics.

Question 10

Kant's views on psychology left some scholars with the need for a more complete description of human experience, including:

A) physiological and biological processes.
B) sociological relationships.
C) emotions and subjective feelings beyond the exclusively rational.
D) political opinions.
E) sexual feelings.

Question 11

Hegel's method of inquiry is known as:

A) induction.
B) deduction.
C) aesthetics.
D) dialectics.
E) metaphysics.

Question 12

According to von Hartmann, the unconscious was defined as:

A) dependent upon sensory experience.
B) environmentally determined.
C) rationally governed.
D) always nonphysical.
E) random dream states.

Question 13

Historically, existential views are those which:

A)hold belief in a superordinate model of human activity.
B) hold belief in the cultural role of environmental determinants.
C) deny personal freedom.
D) hold belief in materialism underlying psychological processes.
E) seek to analyze consciousness into elements.

Question 14

According to Schopenhauer, the will was:

A) rationally governed.
B) environmentally determined.
C) acquired from experience.
D) irrational striving.
E) consciously mediated.

Question 15

Hegel's dialectics contained a process of:

A) thesis, antithesis, synthesis.
B) revolution, counter-revolution, dictatorship.
C) id, ego, superego.
D) consciousness, unconsciousness, dreams.
E) psychological, sociological, political.

Question 16

Kierkegaard believed that faith is:

A) logical.
B) perceptual.
C) primitive.
D) rational.
E) irrational.

Question 17

Kant's philosophical writings on psychology stressed the position of:

A) idealism.
B) existentialism.
C) romanticism.
D) unconscious strivings.
E) none of the above.

Question 18

Kierkegaard believed that religious existence is:

A) consistent with rational belief.
B) consistent with experience.
C) a feeling of peace and happiness.
D) a feeling of loneliness and insecurity.
E) an experience of revelation.

Question 19

Dilthey's existential philosophy emphasized:

A) present consciousness.
B) primitive instinct.
C) lived-through experience.
D) faith.
E) empiricism.

Question 20

Hegel's views led to the position that God may be studied:

A) experimentally.
B) metaphysically.
C) phenomenologically.
D) through faith.
E) rationally.