Deck 11: Displacement and Diffusion

Question 1

Situational crime prevention can be traced to the work of:

A) the National Institute of Justice
B) the Crime Prevention Council
C) the British Home Office
D) hot spots research
E) none of the above

Answer 1

C

Question 2

___________ are electronic devices that, in the absence of the key, prevent the car from operating.

A) Immobilizers
B) Car monitors
C) Boots
D) Guardian keys
E) none of the above

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following was NOT one of Clarke's original (1983) types of situational prevention?

A) surveillance
B) target hardening
C) Operation Identification
D) environmental management
E) all of the above were types

Answer 3

C

Question 4

SARA stands for Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment.

Question 5

Routine activities theory posits that individuals make decisions on whether to commit an offense based on an array of inputs, including the effort involved, the potential payoff, the degree of peer support for the action, the risk of apprehension and punishment, and the needs of the individual.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT part of the 5Is?

A) Intelligence
B) Interruption
C) Intervention
D) Implementation
E) all of the above are part

Question 7

Situational studies of motor vehicle theft have found:

A) major impact of restricting access
B) immobilizers have no impact on overall theft
C) little change due to CCTV in any location
D) no displacement
E) none of the above

Question 8

____________ argues that criminal behavior fits patterns that can be understood in terms of when and where crime occurs.

A) Crime pattern theory
B) Environmental theory
C) Rational choice theory
D) Crime scripts
E) none of the above

Question 9

According to Wortley, pressures are factors that make an individual uncomfortable, frustrated, irritable, or otherwise aroused to the point of taking some form of action.

Question 10

The lifestyle perspective specifically focuses on the activity of the victim as a contributing factor in criminal acts.

Question 11

Routine activities theory posits that all but which of the following are needed for crime?

A) absence of guardians
B) suitable targets
C) crime scripts
D) motivated offenders
E) all of the above are needed

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of the major categories of situational techniques presented in the Cornish and Clarke typology?

A) increase the effort
B) increase the risks
C) reduce proclivities
D) remove excuses
E) all of the above are major categories

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT one of the key theoretical bases for situational prevention?

A) crime pattern theory
B) lifestyles perspective
C) routine activities perspective
D) rational choice theory
E) all of the above are theoretical bases

Question 14

The appearance that offenders' behavior is based on little conscious thought or choice may be due to the fact that individuals rely on crime scripts.

Question 15

Wortley argues that Clarke and Homel's situational prevention typology is incomplete and suggests that there are four precipitators to crime. Which of the following is NOT a precipitator?

A) provocations
B) perceptions
C) permissibility
D) prompts
E) all of the above are precipitators

Question 16

Wortley argued that the matrix of situational prevention underemphasized elements that can control or inhibit offending, and gave too much attention to factors that precipitate or lead to crime.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a common misconception about situational prevention?

A) it is simplistic and atheoretical
B) it diverts attention from root causes
C) it blames the victim
D) it promotes an exclusionary society
E) all of the above are misconceptions