Deck 10: Situational Crime Prevention

Question 1

"Small places in which the occurrence of crime is so frequent that it is highly predictable, at least over a one-year period" is the definition of:

A) routine activities
B) repeat victimization
C) hot spots
D) concentration
E) none of the above

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Clinical predictions refer to making predictions based on known parameters in the data.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Polvi et al. are credited with introducing the idea of repeat victimization. In their analysis, the risk of being a repeat burglary victim is ____ higher than expected, and this risk is more pronounced immediately after an initial burglary.

A) two times
B) fine times
C) twelve times
D) twenty-two times
E) none of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Authority conflict reflects early stubbornness, which leads to later defiance and avoidance of authority.

Question 5

A "virtual repeat" refers to:

A) victimizing the same person through a different offense
B) victimizing a similar person or place
C) victimizing more than one person at the same time
D) victimizing a group several times
E) none of the above

Question 6

The reason that repeat victimization appears lower in the NCVS is the use of low-risk subjects.

Question 7

Attempts to predict individual behavior based on group data involve what is known as the:

A) ecological fallacy
B) False positive predictions
C) Salient Factor Faults
D) clinical generalization
E) none of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a typical grouping or risk factors found in the literature?

A) family
B) psychological/personality
C) biological
D) community
E) all are typical groupings

Question 9

Kelly et al. and Browning and Loeber identify pathways to delinquent behavior. These include all but which of the following?

A) covert behavior
B) authority conflict
C) peer conflict
D) overt behavior
E) all of the above are included

Question 10

A boost explanation, which refers to the same offender repeating the same offense on the same victim due to past experiences, is also known as:

A) event dependency
B) flag
C) hot product
D) risk heterogeneity
E) none of the above

Question 11

Lipsey and Derzon find all but which of the following are strong risk factors for later deviance?

A) earlier offending
B) substance use
C) antisocial peers
D) truancy
D) all of the above are strong risk factors

Question 12

According to the text, the best example of actuarial prediction is:

A) Las Vegas odds on football games
B) the setting of insurance rates
C) clinical assessments by trained experts
D) basing weather forecasts on last year's weather
E) none of the above

Question 13

The idea that a prior victimization or other factors identify a target as good for further victimization is known as:

A) event dependency
B) boost
C) risk heterogeneity
D) hot product
E) none of the above

Question 14

VIVA stands for Value, Inertia, Visibility, and Accessibility.

Question 15

Covert behavior commences with aggressive activity (bullying and teasing) and leads to fighting and violence

Question 16

Predictions that claim that an individual will be dangerous in the future but then the individual is not dangerous are called:

A) False negative predictions
B) inappropriate predictions
C) False positive predictions
D) False affirmative predictions
E) none of the above