Deck 6: The Mass Media and Crime Prevention

Question 1

Offenders are driven to commit a certain number of offenses over a given period of time. This statement refers to:

A) offender mobility
B) crime inelasticity
C) functional displacement
D) rational choice
E) none of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In general, studies of burglars show that:

A) their choice of target is totally random
B) they make rational choices of targets
C) their offenses involve no planning
D) they only choose expensive targets
E) none of the above

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The shift of crime due to the action of a crime prevention program is referred to as:

A) crime movement
B) deviance shifting
C) crime displacement
D) preventive spillover
E) none of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Functional displacement occurs when one offender ceases his or her deviant behavior, only to be replaced by another offender.

Question 5

Which of the following ideas is NOT related to Crime Pattern Theory?

A) guardians
B) paths, nodes, and edges
C) crime attractors
D) social template
E) all of the above are related

Question 6

The idea that available choices are limited by time, place, or circumstance refers to

A) soft determinism
B) displacement
C) routine activities
D) crime fuses
E) none of the above

Question 7

Benign displacement suggests that changes from displacement may benefit society.

Question 8

The term that refers to the social, economic, cultural, and physical conditions within which people operate is:

A) social template
B) crime template
C) environmental backcloth
D) rational choice
E) none of the above

Question 9

Areas in which society, either consciously or unconsciously, has allowed crime to operate until it explodes are known as:

A) crime fuses
B) malign displacement
C) diffusion of benefits
D) rational choice
E) none of the above

Question 10

The idea that a program may have a beneficial influence beyond the targeted location or situation is known as:

A) displacement
B) diffusion of benefits
C) beneficial spillover
D) malign displacement
E) none of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a factor in the construction of cognitive maps?

A) evaluation
B) recognition
C) consideration
D) prediction
E) all are factors

Question 12

__________ means that the commission of crime decreases as the distance from the offender's home increases.

A) Euclidean distance
B) Distance decay
C) Benign displacement
D) Journey to crime
E) none of the above

Question 13

Crime displacement represents change in crime due to the preventive actions of the individual or society.

Question 14

An offender who utilizes new means to commit the same offense is definition of:

A) temporal displacement
B) functional displacement
C) target displacement
D) tactical displacement
E) none of the above

Question 15

Soft determinism means that individuals make choices but only within the realm of available opportunities.

Question 16

Distance as measured following roadways and walkways, generally selecting those that reduce both distance and travel time, is known as

A) Manhattan distance
B) Euclidean distance
C) Elfers distance
D) Polar distance
E) none of the above

Question 17

Nodes that draw potential victims to the area are considered:

A) crime generators
B) social templates
C) crime attractors
D) edges
E) none of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a key assumption for displacement?

A) crime is inelastic
B) offenders have mobility
C) offenders make rational choices
D) alternative targets and choices are limited
E) all of the above are assumptions

Question 19

Guerette and Bowers's evaluation of displacement and diffusion in situational crime prevention studies report that displacement appears in roughly how many of the studies?

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 40%
D) 50%
E) 60%

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria necessary for crime outlined by Cohen and Felson?

A) a suitable target
B) an absence of guardians
C) an outlet for stolen goods
D) a motivated offender
E) none of the above

Question 21

The most common form of displacement considered in evaluations is tactical displacement.

Question 22

The environmental backcloth is the idea that people have templates that outline expectations of what will happen at certain times and places given certain behavior by the individual.

Question 23

There is little reason to ever expect total displacement of crime, regardless of the type of displacement considered.

Question 24

A hunting ground for offenders is one where potential victims frequent an area and there is a lack of guardians at that location and, consequently, the offender follows the victims to that place.