Deck 15: Release From Incarceration

Question 1

One impact of the explosive growth of the nation's prison population is the huge increase in the number of incarcerated individuals who are released into the community on parole.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

From 1920 to 1973, all states and the federal government used sentencing and release procedures involving .

A) determinate sentencing
B) mandatory minimums
C) indeterminate sentences
D) mandatory release

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Release on parole has little impact on other parts of the system, such as plea bargaining and sentencing.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Sir Walter Crofton built on Captain Alexander Maconochie's idea that an individual's progress in prison and a ticket- of-leave were linked.

Question 5

Prison programs that prepare people for release to community supervision include help in searching for employment and a place to live.

Question 6

Probation release is often tied to shock incarceration.

Question 7

The decision to release an incarcerated person is made in the context of .

A) analytical clarity
B) political fairness
C) public support
D) competing goals

Question 8

Parole boards always welcome public criticism.

Question 9

All states have some form of prison programs that prepare the convicted person for release to community supervision.

Question 10

Parole practices were introduced to lighten the punishment of prison sentences.

Question 11

Statistics show that most parolees return to prison before they complete supervision.

Question 12

In all U.S. states, the parole board (releasing authority) is part of the department of corrections.

Question 13

The number of felons on parole has decreased since 1980.

Question 14

Only people convicted of felonies are released on parole.

Question 15

Almost all incarcerated individuals will eventually be released to live in the community.

Question 16

All state and the federal governments allow discretionary release by the parole board within the boundaries of the sentence and the law.

Question 17

Individuals who are on a mandatory release status are able to include their good time credit toward their release.

Question 18

Parole in the United States evolved during the 19th century following the English, Australian, and Irish practices of conditional pardon, apprenticeship by indenture, and transportation.

Question 19

Parole is the only mechanism by which sentences are shortened.

Question 20

In the wake of the "get tough on crime" movement over the past three decades, the number of parolees in the United States has .

A) doubled
B) tripled.
C) decreased
D) remained the same

Question 21

After an incarcerated person has served time equal to the total sentence minus "good time," if any, he or she will receive .

A) conditional release
B) discretionary release
C) mandatory release
D) None of these are correct

Question 22

Incarcerated people who are released from any further correctional supervision and cannot be returned to prison for their current offense are given release.

A) conditional
B) expiration
C) mandatory
D) tertiary

Question 23

In the model, there is a parole board, an independent decision-making authority, that is organizationally close enough to the correctional department to be sensitive to institutional and correctional needs.

A) multifunctional
B) autonomous
C) consolidated
D) independent

Question 24

Many states use to get around the rigidity of mandatory release.

A) parole
B) discretionary release
C) discretionary parole
D) other conditional releases

Question 25

Discretionary release places great faith in the ability of the parole board members to .

A) link treatment of incarcerated people with the level of custody
B) predict people's future behavior
C) assess readiness for permanent release to community
D) All of these are correct

Question 26

Parole is the conditional release of an individual from .

A) incarceration
B) a guilty verdict
C) a contract of consent
D) legal custody of the state

Question 27

Parole is also known as .

A) conditional release
B) punitive chance
C) reentry
D) probation

Question 28

is based on the assumptions of indeterminate sentences and rehabilitative programs.

A) Conditional release
B) Discretionary release
C) Mandatory release
D) Expirational release

Question 29

Most parole boards cite an incarcerated person's progress in as one criterion for release.

A) self-improvement programs
B) family visitations
C) solitary confinement
D) religious practices

Question 30

The consequences of discretionary parole include that .

A) it leaves people in prison in limbo
B) people in prison have few due process rights at the hearing
C) decisions are made outside of the public's attention
D) All of these are correct

Question 31

An incarcerated person's eligibility for release into community supervision depends on requirements set by law and .

A) the sentence imposed by the court.
B) rehabilitation needs.
C) the offense.
D) victim's rights.

Question 32

Because of , many states have devised ways to get around the rigidity of mandatory release.

A) prison population growth
B) public pressure
C) labor shortages
D) expenses

Question 33

A parole board organized inside a department of corrections is an example of a/an parole board.

A) autonomous
B) independent
C) consolidated
D) None of these are correct

Question 34

Which of the following is an impact of release mechanisms?

A) They can shorten a sentence imposed by a judge.
B) They encourage plea bargaining.
C) They mitigate the harshness of the penal code.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 35

has been described as a "transient state between liberty and recommitment."

A) Incarceration
B) Parole
C) Probation
D) Reentry

Question 36

Which of the following is a release criterion used by the parole board?

A) Prior criminal record
B) Attitudes toward victims
C) History of community adjustment
D) All of these are correct

Question 37

Captain Alexander Maconochie, who administered British penal colonies in Tasmania and elsewhere, developed a system in which individuals could .

A) use prison programs to prepare for their release
B) be periodically evaluated for parole
C) purchase their freedom with money earned by labor
D) pass through stages of increasing responsibility and freedom

Question 38

The concept of means that parole is an extension of correctional programs into the community.

A) grace
B) custody
C) privilege
D) contract of consent

Question 39

Parole evolved during the .

A) 17th century
B) 18th century
C) 19th century
D) 20th century

Question 40

In some states, those serving on a parole board are appointed by the .

A) warden
B) governor
C) commissioner
D) ombudsman

Question 41

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Postcustody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Also known as "maxing out"
d. Furlough is one example
e. Occurs after an individual has served the complete sentence
f. The person in prison promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on convicted individual's actions
h. An early form of conditional pardon
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Conditional release

Question 42

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Postcustody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Also known as "maxing out"
d. Furlough is one example
e. Occurs after an individual has served the complete sentence
f. The person in prison promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on convicted individual's actions
h. An early form of conditional pardon
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Discretionary release

Question 43

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Postcustody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Also known as "maxing out"
d. Furlough is one example
e. Occurs after an individual has served the complete sentence
f. The person in prison promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on convicted individual's actions
h. An early form of conditional pardon
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Mandatory release

Question 44

of incarcerated people nearing release receive prerelease planning.

A) Only a small percentage
B) Approximately one-third
C) Approximately one-half
D) Over 70 percent

Question 45

Parole is conditional release from incarceration but not from the legal of the state.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT one of the three key concepts that parole is based upon?

A) Custody
B) Constitutional rights
C) Contract of consent
D) Grace

Question 47

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Postcustody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Also known as "maxing out"
d. Furlough is one example
e. Occurs after an individual has served the complete sentence
f. The person in prison promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on convicted individual's actions
h. An early form of conditional pardon
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Ticket-of-release

Question 48

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Postcustody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Also known as "maxing out"
d. Furlough is one example
e. Occurs after an individual has served the complete sentence
f. The person in prison promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on convicted individual's actions
h. An early form of conditional pardon
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Presumptive release date

Question 49

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Postcustody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Also known as "maxing out"
d. Furlough is one example
e. Occurs after an individual has served the complete sentence
f. The person in prison promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on convicted individual's actions
h. An early form of conditional pardon
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Grace or privilege

Question 50

release occurs when a sentencing judge requires a period of postcustody supervision in the community.

A) Probation
B) Discretionary
C) Expiration
D) Mandatory

Question 51

All of the following countries had a direct impact on the creation and early implementation of our parole system in the 19th century, EXCEPT .

A) France
B) Australia
C) Ireland
D) England

Question 52

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Postcustody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Also known as "maxing out"
d. Furlough is one example
e. Occurs after an individual has served the complete sentence
f. The person in prison promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on convicted individual's actions
h. An early form of conditional pardon
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Expiration release

Question 53

According to people in prison, if you want to be paroled you are required to .

A) use prison politics
B) be in solitary confinement
C) be cooperative with staff
D) be in a program

Question 54

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Postcustody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Also known as "maxing out"
d. Furlough is one example
e. Occurs after an individual has served the complete sentence
f. The person in prison promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on convicted individual's actions
h. An early form of conditional pardon
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Probation release

Question 55

A person released from prison to conditional supervision at the discretion of the parole board within the boundaries set by the sentence and the penal law has a/an release.

Question 56

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Postcustody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Also known as "maxing out"
d. Furlough is one example
e. Occurs after an individual has served the complete sentence
f. The person in prison promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on convicted individual's actions
h. An early form of conditional pardon
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Parole

Question 57

Sir Walter Crofton developed what came to be known as the system of parole.

Question 58

The goal of community corrections is to prepare people for reentry into society gradually through the model.

A) rehabilitative
B) retributive
C) reintegration
D) reinforcement

Question 59

release is the release of an incarcerated person from prison without any further correctional supervision; the person cannot be returned to prison for any remaining portion of his or her sentence for the current offense.

A) Mandatory
B) Conditional
C) Expiration
D) Discretionary

Question 60

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Postcustody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Also known as "maxing out"
d. Furlough is one example
e. Occurs after an individual has served the complete sentence
f. The person in prison promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on convicted individual's actions
h. An early form of conditional pardon
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Contract of consent

Question 61

Release on parole only applies to those convicted of a .

Question 62

According to the concept of , a parolee is still the responsibility of the government.

Question 63

Signed into law in 2008, the Act is a federal law that is designed to ensure the safe and successful return of people in prison through grants to states and communities to support reentry initiatives.

Question 64

A major criticism of discretionary release is that it shifts responsibility for primary criminal justice decisions from the sentence of the , who holds legal procedures in high regard, to a(n) board, where discretion rules.

Question 65

You have been selected as the commissioner for the department of corrections in your state. Your first responsibility is to develop criteria for granting an incarcerated person's release on parole. Describe the criteria and explain why you selected these conditions.

Question 66

If a parolee breaks a rule, their parole may be .

Question 67

is when a person could be kept incarcerated but the government extends the privilege of release.

Question 68

Describe key figures and movements in the development of concepts of parole and discretionary release.

Question 69

Discretionary release means that a(n) body can shorten a sentence imposed by a judge.

Question 70

Discuss the tensions that often exist between the powers delegated to parole boards on the one hand and the legal authority and responsibility of judges on the other.

Question 71

If parole is not regularly awarded to eligible people in prison, among incarcerated individuals may suffer, consequently impacting their attitudes and behavior toward staff and other incarcerated people.

Question 72

List and describe the five basic release mechanisms by which incarcerated individuals are transitioned out of prison.

Question 73

A parole date is the assumed release date stipulated by parole guidelines if the convicted person serves time without disciplinary incidents.

Question 74

Based on the assumptions of indeterminate sentences and rehabilitation programs, release is designed to allow the parole board to release incarcerated people to conditional supervision in the community when they are deemed "ready" to live as law-abiding citizens.

Question 75

From the philosophy of community corrections has come the model, a model that focuses on reconnecting the convicted person with society.

Question 76

Explain the central assumptions and concepts on which the practice of parole is based.

Question 77

Contract of is when the government enters into an agreement with the person in prison whereby he or she promises to abide by conditions in exchange for release.

Question 78

An incarcerated person's eligibility for release to community supervision depends on requirements set by
and the sentence imposed by the court.

Question 79

Discuss how releasing authorities (parole boards) are organized within corrections. What are the requirements of each participant who is selected?

Question 80

release is release from incarceration without any further correctional supervision.