Deck 4: Policing

Question 1

Which Supreme Court case stated that shooting a fleeing felon is unconstitutional?

A) Mapp v. Ohio
B) Graham v. Connor
C) Tennessee v. Garner
D) Escobedo v. Illinois

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Police reform efforts of the 1880s attempted to reduce ______ control of police departments.

A) local
B) constable
C) military
D) political

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In 1967, Whites stated that the effectiveness police officers was "very good" nearly ______ as often as non-Whites.

A) half
B) twice
C) 3 times
D) 4 times

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which country accounted for the fewest aliens removed from the United States in 2016?

A) Honduras
B) El Salvador
C) Guatemala
D) Mexico

Question 5

Most people who have been arrested throughout history have been ______.

A) White
B) Black
C) Hispanic
D) Asian

Question 6

Which of the following has led to a reduction in confidence in the police?

A) terrorism reduction initiatives
B) aggressive tactics
C) racial profiling
D) all of these

Question 7

During the Progressive Era, the police were recruited from ______.

A) colleges and universities
B) low and lower middle classes
C) the military
D) upper middle and upper classes

Question 8

______ exacerbated the driving while Black/brown (DWB) problem by granting police officers the power to stop persons suspected of drug crimes under the pretext of probable cause for a traffic violation.

A) Escobedo v. Illinois
B) Whren v. United States
C) Mapp v. Ohio
D) Tennessee v. Garner

Question 9

After 9/11, local law enforcement began to ______.

A) decrease contact with the federal government
B) introduce stricter requirements for becoming an officer
C) increase surveillance capabilities
D) introduce punishment for terrorist acts

Question 10

In 2013, the U.S. Census reported that 18.7% of sworn police officers were ______.

A) Hispanic
B) female
C) Black
D) Asian

Question 11

The first African American police were employed ______ in New Orleans.

A) between 1805 and 1830
B) between 1831 and 1870
C) between 1900 and 1919
D) between 1920 and 1934

Question 12

Which of the following did not cause change in policing between 1970 and the present?

A) technological developments
B) hiring of minorities and women
C) decrease of racial tensions
D) community policing

Question 13

Of the 729 deaths in police custody in 2009, which group comprised the largest amount?

A) Blacks
B) Asians
C) Whites
D) Hispanics

Question 14

A notable case of police deviance was in Tulia, Texas, in 1999 when 46 people (the majority of whom were Black) were arrested for ______.

A) attempted murder
B) treason
C) embezzlement
D) dealing cocaine

Question 15

In 2016, ______ apprehended approximately 530,250 foreign nationals, and removed approximately 340,000, of whom 72% were natives of Mexico.

A) U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
B) U.S. Customs and Border Protection
C) the Department of Homeland Security
D) the Federal Bureau of Investigations

Question 16

Racial profiling is experienced by all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A) consumers
B) subjects of police searches
C) travelers
D) vendors

Question 17

Which of the following is an agency within the DHS responsible for the enforcement of immigration laws?

A) Customs and Barrier Protection
B) U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
C) U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
D) U.S. Department of Homeland Security

Question 18

In 1887, the ______ permitted tribal lands to be allotted to individual Native Americans, making them landowners and farmers.

A) Dawes Act
B) Leavitt Act
C) Wheeler-Howard Act
D) Burke Act

Question 19

Epp, Maynard-Moody, and Haider-Markel (2014) suggest that police officers should be required to ______ to avoid racial profiling during traffic stops.

A) wear body cameras
B) articulate and record the reason for a stop
C) receive implicit bias training
D) receive permission to search an individual's vehicle

Question 20

Community policing first emerged in which decade?

A) 1960s
B) 1970s
C) 1980s
D) 1990s

Question 21

According to 2015 figures from The Washington Post, racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately victims of police shootings.

Question 22

Since the 1970s, there has been an increase in the number of Black police officers and police administrators. Is the presence of Black police officers and police administrators essential in providing effective policing in the contemporary United States? Identify primary areas of significance to support your answer.

Question 23

The arrest of Henry Louis Gates at his home in 2009 challenged the notion that racial profiling is ______.

A) only a problem in rural areas
B) limited to the lower class
C) an honest effort to control drug trafficking
D) most likely to occur at a private residence

Question 24

Data collected by The Washington Post in 2015 confirm that FBI reports of police killings of citizens are accurate.

Question 25

Briefly explain the significance of the Whren case.

Question 26

Discuss why racial and ethnic minorities tend to have less confidence in the police than Whites.

Question 27

During the 1990s, "Driving while Black/Brown" (DWB) was the most visible form of racial profiling.

Question 28

Which case ruled that an officer's state of mind is irrelevant if probable cause for his or her action exists?

A) State v. Soto
B) Wilkins v. Maryland State Police
C) Whren v. United States
D) Terry v. Ohio

Question 29

Recent polling data show strong national support for use of body-worn cameras (BWC) for police officers.

Question 30

In municipal agencies, the police role consists primarily of maintaining the social order, preventing and controlling crime, and ______.

A) building public trust
B) enforcing the law
C) identifying potential suspects
D) punishing criminals

Question 31

American employers began hiring Mexican immigrant workers as early as the 1870s.

Question 32

Describe the "veil of darkness" thesis, and assess the merits or demerits of this thesis.

Question 33

Police deviance refers to police officer activities that are inconsistent with the officer's official authority, organizational authority, values, and standards of ethical conduct.

Question 34

Public Law 280 terminated tribal jurisdiction.

Question 35

In 2009, the DHS ICE implemented Secure Communities: A Comprehensive Plan to Identify and Remove Criminal Aliens (S-Comm). It initially was envisioned as an effort to ______.

A) construct a border wall
B) enact a travel ban
C) suspend refugee admissions
D) improve public safety

Question 36

In June 2017, most Americans felt that immigration levels should ______.

A) increase
B) remain at the present level
C) decrease
D) vary by state

Question 37

Establish an argument of both support and opposition for the utilization of tribal policing of Native American communities.

Question 38

Curtis Act of 1898 extended the Dawes Act to the Five Civilized Tribes in Indian Territory, including ______.

A) Cherokees, Choctaws, Creeks, Chickasaws, and Seminoles
B) Osage, Comanche, Shawnee, Chickasaws, and Cheyenne
C) Arapaho, Navajos, Creeks, Chickasaws, and Modoc
D) Pawnee, Choctaws, Apache, Sioux, and Seneca

Question 39

Race is one of the weakest predictors of attitudes toward the police.

Question 40

What percentage of drivers in traffic stops believe that police act appropriately?

A) less than 60%
B) 60-70%
C) 71-80%
D) more than 80%

Question 41

Compare elements of historical policing in the United States that demonstrates punitive social control of Blacks and other minorities to contemporary policing practices.

Question 42

Agency strategies to prevent and reduce police bias include screening during recruitment, in-service training, and most recently the use of body-worn cameras. Provide an argument to support and an argument opposing the implementation of one of these strategies into contemporary policing.

Question 43

Compare the terms "reasonable" racial discrimination and police deviance. Provide an example for each, detailing specific differences.

Question 44

While some citizens conclude that any deaths at the hands of police are too much, others argue that the police, as noted by the number of suspects killed wielding weapons in deadly encounters, are often justified in their actions. Develop an argument of justification or opposition to police use of deadly force in this regard.

Question 45

Identify examples of police deviance that may be specifically associated with racial/ethnic groups within contemporary society.