Deck 19: Fitness and Health

Question 1

Increased levels of ________ have been shown to increase production of interferons by the body.

A) vitamin K
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin A
D) vitamin D

Answer 1

vitamin C

Question 2

An athlete's pre-game meal should consist mainly of

A) carbohydrates.
B) fat.
C) protein.
D) vitamins.

Answer 2

carbohydrates.

Question 3

Which of the following has the same health effects as butter?

A) olive oil
B) margarine
C) peanut oil
D) corn oil

Answer 3

margarine

Question 4

A vegetarian who is not on vitamin supplements is likely to show a deficiency in which vitamin?

A) B₁₂
B) A
C) B₆
D) E

Question 5

Which vitamin promotes the development of healthy bones and the absorption of calcium and phosphate?

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin E
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin K

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT commonly known to be a vitamin deficiency disease?

A) beriberi
B) cancer
C) scurvy
D) pellagra

Question 7

It is recommended that our diets contain no more than

A) 5-20% calories from fats.
B) 20-35% calories from fats.
C) 40-55% calories from fats.
D) 55-65% calories from fats.

Question 8

Which vitamin is sometimes called the "antiaging" vitamin?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin B complex
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin E

Question 9

Muscles are built by

A) eating diets high in carbohydrates.
B) eating diets high in protein.
C) eating diets high in fats.
D) exercising.

Question 10

The general recommendation for vitamin consumption by most members of the scientific community is

A) to take high doses of vitamin supplements daily.
B) to eat a well-balanced diet.
C) to take high doses of water soluble vitamins.
D) make sure your vitamin supplements are enriched with iron and zinc.

Question 11

Vitamin D is a steroid-type vitamin that offers protection against

A) beriberi.
B) scurvy.
C) pellagra.
D) rickets.

Question 12

Which vitamin is sometimes called the "antisterility" vitamin?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin B complex
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin E

Question 13

Which of the following foods shows evidence of having anticancer activity?

A) cabbage
B) tomatoes
C) onions
D) celery

Question 14

If a person stops exercising, how long will it take for the muscle to start to shrink?

A) two days
B) one week
C) one month
D) two months

Question 15

β-carotene is a precursor of

A) vitamin A.
B) vitamin K.
C) vitamin C.
D) vitamin D.

Question 16

The DRI values for vitamins and nutrients are set by

A) the Food and Drug Administration.
B) the Department of Agriculture.
C) the Food and Nutrition Board of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.
D) each of the state governments.

Question 17

If a person stops exercising, how long will it take for the muscle built by exercising to be gone?

A) two days
B) one week
C) one month
D) two months

Question 18

The new Dietary Guidelines recommend which of the following?

A) Adults should drink 3 L of liquid per day.
B) Sugary drinks need not be limited.
C) Adults should compare the sodium content for processed foods and choose foods with lower amounts of sodium.
D) Fats and oils do not need to be limited.

Question 19

Which of the following vitamins is NOT found in plants?

A) B₂
B) K
C) B₁₂
D) biotin

Question 20

According to the new daily food guide, it is recommended that half of your plate should come from which group(s) of foods?

A) dairy
B) fruits and vegetables
C) pork
D) unsaturated fats

Question 21

The number of dieters who lose weight and then gain it back is approximately

A) 5%.
B) 25%.
C) 50%.
D) 90%.

Question 22

A low-carbohydrate diet depletes the body's glycogen. Every pound of glycogen lost results in a weight loss of

A) 1 pound of glycogen.
B) 2 pounds (1 pound of glycogen and 1 pound of water).
C) 3 pounds (1 pound of glycogen, 1 pound of muscle, and 1 pound of water).
D) 4 pounds (1 pound of glycogen and 3 pounds of water).

Question 23

For someone on a diet,

A) only fat is lost.
B) fat and protein are lost.
C) only protein is lost.
D) only glycogen is lost.

Question 24

Which of the following is an appetite stimulant?

A) cholecystokinin
B) ghrelin
C) leptin
D) peptide YY (PYY)

Question 25

The major component of body sweat is

A) sodium chloride.
B) potassium chloride.
C) calcium chloride.
D) water.

Question 26

Which of the following is an appetite suppressant?

A) insulin
B) ghrelin
C) peptide YY (PYY)
D) leptin

Question 27

One pound of fatty tissue stores approximately how many kcal of energy?

A) 500
B) 1500
C) 3500
D) 6500

Question 28

Heat strokes resulting from physical exertion occur when the body's heat regulatory system fails. This condition is likely to occur when

A) there is a vitamin deficiency.
B) the body is dehydrated.
C) the sodium ion level in body fluids is low.
D) one has overeaten.

Question 29

The urine is a good indicator of hydration. What does urine look like if one is properly hydrated?

A) clear and colorless
B) pale yellow
C) cloudy
D) bright yellow

Question 30

If you ordinarily expend 1700 kcal/day and you diet at 1500 kcal/day, how long will it take to lose 1.0 pound of fat? (1.0 lb of adipose fat is 3500 kcal.)

A) 35 days
B) 15 days
C) 17.5 days
D) 2.33 days

Question 31

If five percent of the body weight is lost as weight, then the physiological effect is

A) hydrated.
B) alert.
C) urination.
D) heat exhaustion.

Question 32

The best thing to drink to replenish lost body fluids after exercise is

A) coffee.
B) water.
C) beer.
D) Gatorade.

Question 33

One pound of adipose tissue requires ________ miles of blood capillaries.

A) 15
B) 70
C) 200
D) 1500

Question 34

A pound of fat has an energy content of 3500 kcal. Walking a mile uses about 100 kcal. How many miles must you walk to lose a pound of fat?

A) 3500
B) 350
C) 35
D) 3.5

Question 35

What is the body mass index (BMI) of a person who is 6 ft tall and weighs 205 pounds?

A) 28
B) 2.9
C) 4000
D) 350

Question 36

Which of the following statements about vitamin A is NOT correct?

A) Vitamin A is needed for good vision.
B) Vitamin A can be toxic in large doses.
C) Vitamin A is water soluble.
D) Vitamin A is needed for bone development.

Question 37

A vitamin E deficiency can lead to

A) liver toxicity.
B) muscular dystrophy.
C) pernicious anemia.
D) rickets.

Question 38

Which of the following will NOT occur on an extremely low-carbohydrate diet?

A) ketosis
B) cleansing of waste products from the body
C) conversion of amino acids to glucose
D) lethargy and depression

Question 39

The symptoms of dehydration include

A) cloudy urine.
B) dizziness or fainting.
C) tired or cramped muscles.
D) all of the above.

Question 40

Which of the following promotes water loss from the body?

A) alcohol
B) caffeine
C) Both alcohol and caffeine promote water loss.
D) Neither alcohol nor caffeine promotes water loss.

Question 41

How much essential body fat does the female body require?

A) 4-6%
B) 10-12%
C) 20-22%
D) 22-24%

Question 42

Once ATP is depleted, the next available energy source for muscle is from

A) glucose.
B) glycogen.
C) fats.
D) protein.

Question 43

In order for an athlete to build muscle mass, he might switch to a ________ diet.

A) high protein
B) low fat
C) high liquid
D) low diary

Question 44

Which activity would be aided by a large proportion of slow-twitch muscles?

A) lifting a 300 lb weight
B) hitting a home run
C) slam dunking a basketball
D) swimming 2.5 km

Question 45

Which of the following would NOT be an advantage for walking or biking?

A) It is less expensive than driving.
B) The fuels that provide energy for walking or biking are nonrenewable.
C) An individual person would have a carbon-neutral effect on the environment.
D) Walking or biking helps a person lose weight.

Question 46

If insufficient oxygen is available to muscles during energy conversion, the by-products of energy production are water and

A) pyruvic acid.
B) lactic acid.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) ATP.

Question 47

The body mass index (BMI) is determined by which of the following physical quantities?

A) mass
B) weight and height
C) density and height
D) height

Question 48

The recommended body mass index (BMI) for an adult is

A) less than 18.5
B) between 18.5 and 24.9
C) between 25 and 29.9
D) above 30

Question 49

The albatross (a sea bird) can fly for days on end. Its breast muscle would have a high proportion of

A) fat.
B) glycogen.
C) lactic acid.
D) slow-twitch muscle.

Question 50

The immediate source of energy for muscle action is

A) glycogen.
B) starch.
C) ATP.
D) fatty acids.

Question 51

An oxygen debt is incurred when a person is engaged in

A) aerobic exercise.
B) anaerobic exercise.
C) electrolytic depletion.
D) overeating.

Question 52

During the last stages of a marathon (26 miles) the body's principal source of energy is

A) ATP.
B) glycogen.
C) fat.
D) protein.

Question 53

The protein directly responsible for muscle contraction is

A) collagen.
B) actomyosin.
C) keratin.
D) hemoglobin.

Question 54

Respiratory capacity of muscle is increased by

A) light exercise.
B) endurance exercise.
C) weight lifting.
D) eating more protein.

Question 55

Which activity is aided by a large proportion of fast-twitch muscles?

A) lifting a 100 kg weight
B) swimming 1.5 km
C) a 6-day bicycle race
D) running 50 km

Question 56

All of the following are measures of fitness EXCEPT

A) body mass index (BMI).
B) body density.
C) V_O2 max.
D) All of the above are measures of fitness.

Question 57

The body mass index is used to measure one's level of

A) fatness.
B) bone density.
C) hydration.
D) stamina.

Question 58

The activity that increases our uptake of oxygen is

A) working on a computer.
B) running.
C) train watching.
D) standing.

Question 59

If sufficient oxygen is available to muscles during energy conversion, the by-products of energy production are water and

A) pyruvic acid.
B) lactic acid.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) ATP.

Question 60

How much essential body fat does the male body require?

A) 3%
B) 11%
C) 15%
D) 23%

Question 61

A smoker's breathing is less efficient because of ________ in the smoke.

A) NaI
B) Cu
C) SO₂
D) CO

Question 62

Most sport materials are made from

A) cotton.
B) wool.
C) other natural polymers.
D) synthetic polymers.

Question 63

Capsaicin is used as ________ for sore muscles.

A) a muscle relaxer
B) a counterirritant
C) an analgesic
D) an ice pack

Question 64

Drugs such as the statins are equally as effective in preventing heart attacks as diet and exercise are.

Question 65

Vitamin C is an antioxidant.

Question 66

Which of the following statements about the effects of anabolic steroids is NOT correct?

A) They can cause liver damage.
B) They can cause edema.
C) They can cause cancer.
D) They are sexual enhancers.

Question 67

Which of the following would NOT be considered restorative drugs?

A) anabolic steroids
B) analgesics
C) anti-inflammatories
D) blood thinner drugs

Question 68

Drugs used commonly by athletes and others to relieve pain include

A) ketoprofen.
B) heroin.
C) cocaine.
D) vitamin C.

Question 69

It is healthier to eat too much rather than too little.

Question 70

Athletic performance can best be improved by

A) anabolic steroids.
B) electrolyte replacement fluids.
C) blood doping.
D) practice.

Question 71

The three main electrolytes in the body are chloride, barium, and carbonate ions.

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT a property of synthetic fabrics used for athletic clothing?

A) They wick perspiration away from the skin.
B) They have small holes that allow water vapor but not water droplets to pass through.
C) They can stretch when the athlete moves.
D) They dry slowly.

Question 73

There are no consequences that result from taking more than the RDA of folic acid.

Question 74

The best way to replace water lost by the body is to drink milk.

Question 75

Muscles are built through

A) eating a protein rich diet.
B) taking an amino acid supplement.
C) taking megavitamin and mineral supplements.
D) exercise.

Question 76

Which of the following is NOT associated with smoking?

A) There is an increased percentage of premature births.
B) There is an increased rate of bladder cancer.
C) Lung cilia have a black tar-like coating.
D) There is an increased rate of AIDS.

Question 77

Anabolic steroids

A) enhance the buildup of muscle tissue.
B) reduce inflammation.
C) increase testicular mass.
D) increase sexual potency.

Question 78

Regular exercise will affect the brain by

A) producing neurotrophins.
B) enhancing the growth of brain cells.
C) increasing the connections between brain cells.
D) all of the above

Question 79

You bike 50 km. Though tired, you feel great because your brain has synthesized some

A) amphetamine.
B) endorphins.
C) glucose.
D) morphine.

Question 80

For a person at rest, muscle activity accounts for what percent of the body's energy requirements?

A) 5-10 %
B) 15-30 %
C) 45-60 %
D) 75-90 %