Deck 15: Energy

Question 1

When the overall equation for the photosynthesis process is written and balanced, how many molecules of water are required to make one glucose molecule, C₆H₁₂O₆?

A) 1
B) 3
C) 6
D) 12

Answer 1

6

Question 2

The SI unit of energy is the

A) joule.
B) calorie.
C) gram.
D) watt.

Answer 2

joule.

Question 3

Which of the following is an endothermic process?

A) evaporation of water
B) burning of wood
C) explosion of dynamite
D) discharging of a battery

Answer 3

evaporation of water

Question 4

The solar energy-absorbing molecules of plants that power photosynthesis are called

A) carbohydrates.
B) photovoltaics.
C) solarases.
D) chlorophylls.

Question 5

The ________ law of thermodynamics states that in a spontaneous process, energy is degraded from more useful forms to less useful forms.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 6

The decomposition of 2 mol of water to hydrogen and oxygen requires 137 kcal of energy. The reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form 2 mol of water

A) requires 137 kcal.
B) releases 137 kcal.
C) requires more than 137 kcal.
D) releases more than 137 kcal.

Question 7

Approximately what percentage of the total solar radiation that falls upon the earth is immediately reflected back into space?

A) 15%
B) 30%
C) 45%
D) 70%

Question 8

According to kinetic-molecular theory, reactions occur more rapidly at higher temperatures because

A) molecules move faster at higher temperatures.
B) molecules collide more frequently at higher temperatures.
C) molecules have more energy at higher temperatures.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 9

The first law of thermodynamics is sometimes called the law of

A) conservation of mass.
B) conservation of energy.
C) creation of energy.
D) destruction of energy.

Question 10

Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis?

A) CO₂
B) H₂O
C) H₂S
D) O₂

Question 11

A watt is

A) 1 s/joule.
B) 1 cal/s.
C) 1 joule/s.
D) 1 s/cal.

Question 12

How many joules of energy will a stock tank heater rated at 400 watts use in a 48 hour period?

A) 400
B) 400 × 48 × 60
C) 400 × 3600
D) 400 × 48 × 3600

Question 13

The statement "you can't get something for nothing" is another way of expressing

A) the first law of thermodynamics.
B) the second law of thermodynamics.
C) Boyle's law.
D) the third law of thermodynamics.

Question 14

Approximately what percentage of solar radiation is used to power the water cycle?

A) 10%
B) 23%
C) 30%
D) 70%

Question 15

Which of the following situations would be an example of kinetic energy?

A) a compressed spring
B) a nuclear explosion
C) a tank of gasoline
D) a batter waiting for the ball to be pitched

Question 16

Burning 1.000 mol of methane in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water produces 803 kJ of energy. How much energy is produced when 4.000 mol of methane is burned?

A) 358.0 kJ
B) 1606 kJ
C) 1205 kJ
D) 3212 kJ

Question 17

All of the following examples are classified as potential energy EXCEPT

A) energy stored by position.
B) energy in nuclear particles.
C) energy of a moving object.
D) energy in chemical bonds.

Question 18

Which of the following will cause the rate of a chemical reaction to speed up?

A) raising the temperature
B) increasing the concentration of reactants
C) adding a catalyst
D) All of these will speed up the rate of a reaction.

Question 19

The thin film of air, water, and soil in which all life exists is only about 15 km thick and is called the

A) atmosphere.
B) stratosphere.
C) biosphere.
D) hemisphere.

Question 20

Burning one mole of propane according to the following reaction: C₃H₈(g) + 5 O₂(g) → 3 CO₂ + 4 H₂O
Liberates 526 kcal of energy. If all of the coefficients are tripled, how much energy will be released?

A) 526 kcal
B) 1052 kcal
C) 1578 kcal
D) 175.3 kcal

Question 21

Perhaps the first mechanical device used to convert energy into a more useful form was the

A) steam engine.
B) waterwheel.
C) windmill.
D) nuclear reactor.

Question 22

The fact that a heat pump requires energy to move heat from a colder object (the outside of a house) to a hotter object (the inside of the house) is a real life observation of which thermodynamic law?

A) the first law
B) the second law
C) the third law
D) the fourth law

Question 23

The inevitable energy lost as heat in the generation of electrical energy in the most efficient fossil fuel based power plant is a result of

A) the first law of thermodynamics.
B) the second law of thermodynamics.
C) a poor understanding of energy conversion.
D) designed inefficiencies to increase costs to the consumer.

Question 24

Which one of the following is a nonfuel?

A) H₂
B) CCl₄
C) CH₄
D) C₈H₁₈

Question 25

________ were introduced into western Europe in the Middle Ages.

A) Waterwheels
B) Windmills
C) Automobile engines
D) Solar panels

Question 26

Fuels are ________ forms of matter.

A) oxidized
B) reduced
C) acidic
D) basic

Question 27

Which of the following is a fuel?

A) HCl
B) H₂O
C) C
D) CO₂

Question 28

The second law of thermodynamics defines

A) entropy.
B) energy.
C) heat.
D) temperature.

Question 29

The fact that a refrigerator requires energy to move heat from a colder object (the inside of the refrigerator) to a hotter object (the outside of the refrigerator) is a real life observation of which law of thermodynamics?

A) first law
B) second law
C) third law
D) fourth law

Question 30

Approximately what percentage of the energy used to support our current lifestyle comes from fossil fuels?

A) 50%
B) 35%
C) 15%
D) over 85%

Question 31

Which physical state has the lowest entropy?

A) solid
B) liquid
C) gas
D) All have the same entropy.

Question 32

In any conversion of energy from one form to another, some of the energy ends up as

A) entropy.
B) heat.
C) electricity.
D) radioactivity.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel?

A) coal
B) natural gas
C) petroleum
D) wood

Question 34

Which of the following does NOT result in an increase in entropy?

A) Water boils.
B) A child scatters her toys.
C) A student cleans his dorm room.
D) A hose sprays water.

Question 35

The number of possible microstates will be highest for a

A) solid.
B) liquid.
C) gas.
D) All will have the same number of microstates.

Question 36

Wood, crop residues, and ________ still remain the main sources of heat for one-third of the world's people.

A) coal.
B) natural gas
C) petroleum
D) dried dung

Question 37

The first fuel was

A) coal.
B) petroleum.
C) blubber.
D) wood.

Question 38

Which of the following will have the greatest amount of entropy?

A) steam
B) ice
C) water
D) All have the same amount of entropy.

Question 39

Which physical state has the greatest entropy?

A) solid
B) liquid
C) gas
D) All have the same entropy.

Question 40

________ is the measure of the dispersal of energy in a system.

A) Entropy
B) Enthalpy
C) Heat
D) Calories

Question 41

The primary element in coal is

A) carbon.
B) silicon.
C) oxygen.
D) chlorine.

Question 42

When coal is burned, mineral impurities are converted to

A) sulfur dioxide gas that goes up the smokestack.
B) carbon dioxide and water.
C) metal oxide solids that remain behind as ash.
D) All of the above are products of burning coal.

Question 43

The lowest grade of coal is

A) anthracite.
B) bituminous.
C) lignite.
D) peat.

Question 44

Coal can be cleaned before it is burned. The flotation method separates coal from its major impurities by taking advantage of the difference in ________ of these materials.

A) acidity
B) combustion
C) density
D) volatility

Question 45

Most of the coal that exists today was formed ________ years ago.

A) 100
B) 1000
C) 1 million
D) over 300 million

Question 46

The most abundant fossil fuel in the United States is

A) coal.
B) natural gas.
C) petroleum.
D) wood.

Question 47

When coal is heated in the absence of air, the condensed vapor collected during the heating is called

A) coal.
B) coke.
C) coal tar.
D) carbon.

Question 48

The structural material of plants is largely

A) amylopectin.
B) coal.
C) amylose.
D) cellulose.

Question 49

A major inconvenience of coal as a fuel is that it is a(n)

A) solid.
B) liquid.
C) gas.
D) mixture of all three states.

Question 50

A substance that burns readily and releases significant amounts of energy is a(n)

A) reducing agent.
B) fuel.
C) endotherm.
D) catalyst.

Question 51

The major component of natural gas is

A) ethane.
B) methane.
C) butane.
D) octane.

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of using coal as a fuel source?

A) SO₂ is released and contributes to air pollution.
B) Coal is the least abundant of the fossil fuels.
C) Strip mining is devastating to the environment.
D) The cost of transporting coal to power plants or factories is high.

Question 53

Given the following analysis of coal samples, which is the best fuel?

A) 95% C, 5% O
B) 75% C, 25% O
C) 50% C, 50% O
D) 25% C, 75% O

Question 54

The United States is estimated to have approximately what percentage of the world's coal reserves?

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 40%
D) 80%

Question 55

The highest grade of coal is

A) anthracite.
B) bituminous.
C) lignite.
D) peat.

Question 56

When coal burns,

A) chemical energy is converted to heat energy.
B) heat energy is created.
C) chemical energy is destroyed.
D) heat energy is converted to electrical energy.

Question 57

Which of the following did NOT contribute significantly to the conversion of plant material to coal?

A) There was sufficient oxygen for the cellulose in the plant materials to decay completely.
B) The plant material was buried under mud and water, separating it from the atmosphere.
C) The plant material was subjected to significant pressure.
D) The plant material broke down and small molecules containing a lot of hydrogen and oxygen were given off.

Question 58

Approximately what percentage of U.S. electricity is generated by the burning of coal?

A) 25%
B) 35%
C) 45%
D) 65%

Question 59

When coal is heated in the absence of air, the solid left behind is called

A) coal.
B) coke.
C) coal tar.
D) carbon.

Question 60

When coal containing sulfur is burned, the sulfur is converted to

A) gaseous sulfur oxides that go up the smokestack.
B) liquid sulfur oxides that stay behind as ash.
C) solid sulfur oxides that stay behind as ash.
D) Sulfur is converted to all of the above.

Question 61

To make crude petroleum more useful, it must be

A) distilled.
B) filtered.
C) reduced.
D) washed with water.

Question 62

An advantage of natural gas as a fuel is that it is

A) more abundant than coal.
B) easy to locate and extract.
C) the cleanest of the fossil fuels.
D) the product is carbon and water.

Question 63

Recent evidence indicates that petroleum is derived from

A) plants.
B) microscopic land animals.
C) microscopic marine animals.
D) decomposition of volcanic ash.

Question 64

Which of the following petroleum fractions has the highest boiling point?

A) fuel oil
B) gasoline
C) heating oil
D) lubricants

Question 65

Petroleum is best described as a

A) pure substance.
B) compound.
C) simple mixture.
D) complex mixture.

Question 66

Gasoline is a

A) compound.
B) pure substance.
C) simple mixture of C₅ - C₁₂ hydrocarbons.
D) complex mixture of C₅ - C₁₂ hydrocarbons.

Question 67

A compound that replaced tetraethyllead as an octane booster is

A) benzene.
B) heptane.
C) isooctane.
D) methyl tert-butyl ether.

Question 68

Pure isooctane would have an octane rating of

A) 0.
B) 50.
C) 75.
D) 100.

Question 69

The heating of large hydrocarbon compounds with a catalyst in the absence of oxygen is called

A) cracking.
B) catalysis.
C) reforming.
D) flocculation.

Question 70

Natural gas burns with a relatively clean flame. Which of the following potential pollutants is produced in significant quantities during the combustion of natural gas in air?

A) sulfur oxides
B) nitrogen oxides
C) metal oxides
D) All of the above are produced in significant quantities.

Question 71

The fraction from the distillation of crude petroleum that is slightly heavier than gasoline is called

A) kerosene.
B) heating oil.
C) lubricating oil.
D) asphalt.

Question 72

Which substance is most effective in raising the octane rating of gasoline?

A) benzene
B) ethanol
C) methyl tert-butyl ether
D) tetraethyllead

Question 73

The yield of gasoline from crude petroleum can be increased by

A) catalytic cracking of lighter fractions.
B) catalytic cracking of heavier fractions.
C) simple distillation.
D) vacuum distillation.

Question 74

Catalytic reforming is a process for converting

A) low octane rated alkanes into high octane rated aromatics.
B) high octane rated alkanes into low octane rated aromatics.
C) low octane rated alkanes into high octane rated branched alkanes.
D) high octane rated alkanes into low octane rated branched alkanes.

Question 75

A gasoline with an octane rating of 90 would give the same performance in a standard test engine as a mixture of

A) 90% isooctane and 10% heptane.
B) 90% heptane and 10% isooctane.
C) 90 parts isooctane and 90 parts heptane.
D) 90 parts isooctane and 90 parts water.

Question 76

Pure heptane would have an octane rating of

A) 0.
B) 50.
C) 75.
D) 100.

Question 77

What metal, when added as a compound, increases octane rating of gasoline?

A) Pb
B) Na
C) Ag
D) Au

Question 78

The main components of petroleum are

A) hydrocarbons.
B) carbohydrates.
C) fats and oils.
D) ionic compounds.

Question 79

When natural gas is burned in insufficient air, ________ can be (a) major product(s).

A) water
B) carbon and soot
C) methane
D) octane

Question 80

In general, a higher proportion of branched chain hydrocarbons in a gasoline formulation

A) increases octane rating.
B) decreases octane rating.
C) burns cleaner.
D) burns cooler.