Deck 6: Nonstate Actors and the Quest for Global

Question 1

The United States has been eager to expand the permanent membership of the Security Council as long as the additional members are U.S. allies.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

One of the purposes of the World Bank is to address poverty through the Poverty Reduction Strategy.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Indigenous peoples are those people within a state that control the decision-making apparatus of government.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development or World Bank was originally established to aid in the rebuilding effort after World War I.

Question 5

International terrorism is one possible effect of an extreme militant religious movement.

Question 6

Although technically the World Trade Organization (WTO) violates the international norm of nonintervention, its members have voluntarily surrendered some of their sovereignty under the assumption that it would produce greater gains than losses.

Question 7

The Security Council of the United Nations includes five permanent members with veto power and ten additional rotating members.

Question 8

Under the current United Nations' budget, the poorest 28% of countries contribute less than 1% of the budget.

Question 9

Responsible sovereignty is a principle that requires states to cooperate across borders to protect global resources and address transnational threats.

Question 10

Ethnicity is a social construction and is based on how members of that group see themselves in that group as well as how those outside the group see them.

Question 11

The members of IGOs are private individuals and groups.

Question 12

Members of the European Parliament today are directly elected by citizens of the EU's member states and have the power to overturn acts of the European Commission.

Question 13

A nongovernment organization (NGO) operates as an intermediary between those with resources and a targeted group to address global problems.

Question 14

European integration began with the establishment of the European Economic Community in 1957.

Question 15

Pooled sovereignty means sovereign governments continue to make decisions as opposed to collective decision making by an authorized IGO.

Question 16

Diasporas result when groups are forced to flee their homeland to escape religious persecution.

Question 17

The United Nations is an example of a "universal membership" IGO.

Question 18

Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) are purposely created by states to solve individual state problems and are, therefore, considered less important than NGOs.

Question 19

In contrast to the unitary actor model, many states are actually composed of a variety of ethnic groups seeking a greater share of power within the state.

Question 20

The United Nations General Assembly reaches most decisions based on the one-state/one-vote formula.

Question 21

The clout of issue-advocacy groups is highest with respect to issues of high politics, such as combating climate.

Question 22

The General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs

A) has a one-state, one-vote system.
B) loan funds are obtained from governments.
C) loans money to states to help achieve currency-exchange stability.
D) led to the creation of the World Trade Organization.
E) led to the creation of the International Trade Organization.

Question 23

What percent of the UN's total budget does the United States pay?

A) 37 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 22 percent
D) 75 percent
E) 10 percent

Question 24

Which of the following is an objective of the UN?

A) Maintaining international peace and security
B) Functioning as a center for harmonizing the actions of nations
C) Encouraging respect for human rights and freedoms
D) Respecting equal rights and self-determination of peoples
E) All of the above are objectives of the UN.

Question 25

Terrorist NGOs such as Al Qaeda and Hamas have secular nonreligious objectives such as ethnic self-determination or the overthrow of government.

Question 26

MNCs financial clout rivals or exceeds that of most countries.

Question 27

Critics have been very critical of the International Monetary Fund because

A) it operates on a "one-country, one-vote" system.
B) it allocates loans with no conditions attached for improving economic practices.
C) it is opposed to privatization of state-owned enterprises.
D) it attaches strict conditions on its loans, forcing governments to cut spending on social programs.
E) its voting system is weighted to the advantage of the Global South countries.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT true of IGOs?

A) Their members are governments of states.
B) They meet at regular intervals.
C) They have established rules for making decisions.
D) They are generally considered less important than NGOs.
E) They have a permanent secretariat of headquarters staff.

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT true of the European Union (EU)?

A) It began as a response to the widespread devastation of World War II.
B) The early organizations centered on trade development.
C) It has eagerly pursued new membership in Eastern Europe and the Middle East.
D) There is division between Western and Eastern Europe raising the possibility of a split between two opposed coalitions.
E) It is headquartered in Brussels.

Question 30

The agreement by European states to delegate some of their domestic decision-making power to the European Union is an example of __________.

A) the nonintervention norm
B) devolution
C) realpolitik
D) pooled sovereignty
E) nationalism

Question 31

Which of the following is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization?

A) An ethnopolitical movement
B) A multinational corporation
C) A religious movement
D) A military alliance
E) A terrorist group

Question 32

The European Union emerged from ______,which states cooperation among powerful states is possible and that international organizations can help produce it.

A) liberalism
B) realism
C) constructivism
D) neorealism
E) postmodern terrorism

Question 33

Territories that have not achieved self-rule are supervised under the administration of the _______ within the UN.

A) General Assembly
B) Trusteeship Council
C) Security Council
D) Secretariat
E) Economic and Social Council

Question 34

Annual revenues for the MNC Wal-Mart greatly exceed the GNP of most of the world's countries.

Question 35

MNCs are increasingly setting up regional headquarters in Global South countries to take advantage of lower wages and high skills.

Question 36

The members of intergovernmental organizations are

A) ethnopolitical groups.
B) states.
C) individuals.
D) multinational corporations.
E) All of the above are members of intergovernmental organizations.

Question 37

Hezbollah is an example of a multipurpose NGO.

Question 38

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

A) It is a full-fledged intergovernmental organization with a formal decision-making structure.
B) It is mandated to manage disputes arising from its trading partners.
C) It is dominated by the great powers.
D) It developed from the notion that pooling state sovereignty would produce more gains than losses.
E) All of the above are characteristics of the WTO.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT an organ of the UN?

A) International Court of Justice
B) Security Council
C) Secretariat
D) General Assembly
E) Council of Ministers

Question 40

The work of NGOs has contributed to the emergence of a global civil society that advocates managing global problems through peaceful and democratic means.

Question 41

Samuel P. Huntington predicted that a "clash of civilizations," rather than interstate war, will occur in the future because

A) states continue to become irrelevant in the face of the growing power of NGOs.
B) indigenous peoples are more war-like than state leaders.
C) ethnic groups have been purchasing a larger number of arms than states have.
D) people identify with and organize their activities around the cultural values of their particular civilization, not their state.
E) All of the above are true.

Question 42

MNCs such as ITT and Halliburton ________

A) have been unfairly maligned for their roles in shaping foreign policy.
B) tend to be victims as opposed to instigators in other countries' domestic disputes.
C) illustrate the controversial roles MNCs can have in shaping some countries' domestic political affairs.
D) are unprofitable companies after having done business in foreign countries.
E) All of the above are true.

Question 43

The poorest twenty-eight percent of the UN's members count for less than ____________________ of the organization's 2010-2011 budget.

Question 44

Which of the following is not a characteristic of radical religious moments?

A) They are universalist.
B) They are exclusionist.
C) They are militant.
D) They view existing government authority as corrupt.
E) They focus more on spiritual, rather than secular, concerns such as social welfare.

Question 45

Of the following organizations, which one(s) use(s) a weighted system of voting: UN, World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), or European Union.

Question 46

The term irredentism refers to

A) the effort by an ethnic or religious group to break away from an internationally recognized state.
B) the departure of religious minorities from their countries of origin to escape persecution.
C) minority communities who live abroad but retain political ties to their homelands.
D) majority rule over ethnic minorities.
E) the attempt by an ethnic group to reclaim territory by force so that the group is no longer separated by state boundaries.

Question 47

____________________ are the ethnic and cultural groups that were native to a geographic location and are now controlled by another state or political group.

Question 48

Which of the following is true about a theocracy?

A) The country's government is organized around a religious dogma.
B) Religion and state are separate and distinguishable.
C) In order for the state to thrive, it subordinates itself to the religion.
D) None have ever existed.
E) It punishes believers.

Question 49

Institutions created and joined by states' governments, which give them authority to make collective decisions to manage particular problems on the global agenda are known as ____________________.

Question 50

Premeditated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience is known as ___________.

A) terrorism
B) nationalism
C) irridentism
D) a clash of civilizations
E) secession

Question 51

List two regional organizations and note what the main purpose of each is.

Question 52

Why was the Security Council of the UN unable to act on most security problems during the Cold War?

Question 53

Greenpeace is an example of a(n)

A) multinational corporation.
B) issue-advocacy group.
C) ethnopolitical movement.
D) collective security arrangement.
E) terrorist group.

Question 54

What are the objectives of the UN, as defined in Article I of the UN Charter?

Question 55

Which of the following is true of many, if not most, states?

A) Most states are divided internally.
B) Most states are highly penetrated from abroad.
C) Most states are not tightly unified.
D) Most states are not capable of acting as a single body with a common purpose.
E) All of the above are true.

Question 56

____________________ are transnational organizations of private citizens maintaining consultative status with the UN; they include foundations, professional associations, multinational corporations or simply internationally active groups in different states joined together to work toward common interests.

Question 57

What was the informal regime that preceded and set the terms for the foundation of the World Trade Organization?

Question 58

The biggest complaint against the IMF has been ____________________ .

Question 59

Regional IGOs tend to fail when participating nations

A) lack geographical proximity.
B) have uneven economic growth.
C) have different political systems.
D) lack cultural homogeneity.
E) All of the above are true.

Question 60

Regarding MNCs and human rights conditions in their host country

A) MNCs are only concerned with profit; they are not concerned with human rights.
B) the governments of the home country of the MNC is responsible for making sure MNCs do not violate human rights in their hiring and labor practices.
C) MNCs are increasingly sensitive to human rights conditions because a greater respect for human rights translates into reduced political risk and a more productive work force.
D) many MNCs primary purpose is to improve human rights around the globe.
E) international organizations such as the World Bank and IMF routinely monitor MNCs to make sure they are not violating human rights in their hiring and labor practices.

Question 61

A country in which religion and the government are so tightly linked as to be indistinguishable is called a ___________________ .

Question 62

How do multinational corporations help or hurt in shaping foreign policy?

Question 63

The theory that the twenty-first century will have armed conflict between the West and Islam is called __________.

Question 64

Bill Clinton has stated: "We don't want to run off into the future all by ourselves. That means the United States will have to work responsibly through international organizations." Do you agree or disagree with Clinton's assessment? Can the United States "go it alone" or does it need to use international organizations? Use empirical evidence (referring to the utility of international organizations to solve global and state problems) to support your answers.

Question 65

Terrorism today is significantly different than in the past. How has terrorism changed? Why is it difficult to even determine which are terrorist groups? How does this make fighting terrorism more difficult?

Question 66

Discuss the major issues relative to integrating new members into the European Union. This includes discussing the process as well as conflicts surrounding governments that are financially solvent compared to those that may need help financially.

Question 67

The World Trade Organization, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund were each formed to deal with specific international economic issues. Explain the purpose of each organization and how effective it has been. Do these organizations infringe on state sovereignty?

Question 68

____________________________ are national or ethnic groups struggling to obtain power and/or state.

Question 69

The European Union could provide a successful model of political integration for other areas of the world. What is unique about the situation of the EU that led to its success? What challenges would similar organizations need to overcome to form such organizations?

Question 70

MNCs that produce the same goods in different countries so that their horizontal organization means they are not tied to any one state are called _______________________________ .

Question 71

The UN is said to be a mirror of world politics, not an alternative to it. According to this view, the UN reflects the forces outside the organization that have animated world politics since World War II. Do you agree with this description of the UN? Cite evidence to support your position.