Deck 15: Crimes Against Public Order and Morality

Question 1

It is illegal in every state to buy, sell, exhibit, produce, advertise, distribute, or possess with the intent to distribute ______.

A) erotica
B) pornography
C) child pornography
D) prostitution

Answer 1

C

Question 2

______ is the encouraging and inducing of another to become or remain a prostitute.

A) Prostitution
B) Hooking
C) Pandering
D) Pimping

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A ______ is defined as acts that disturb or tend to disturb the tranquility of the citizenry.

A) law against noise
B) disorderly conduct
C) breach of peace
D) riot

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Broken windows theory is identified with criminologist(s) ______ and ______.

A) James Q. Wilson; George Kelling
B) George Kelling; Edwin Sutherland
C) Cesare Beccaria; George Kelling
D) Edwin Sutherland; James Q. Wilson

Question 5

______ is the only state in which prostitution is legal.

A) Illinois
B) California
C) Nevada
D) New York

Question 6

______ is defined as standing in public with no apparent purpose.

A) Loitering
B) Rout
C) Unlawful assembly
D) Vagrancy

Question 7

Until the 18th century, ______ in England was punished before religious courts.

A) prostitution
B) obscenity
C) pornography
D) lewdness

Question 8

All of the following are reasons that prostitution is criminalized EXCEPT ______.

A) exploitation
B) immorality
C) disease
D) personal degradation

Question 9

The offense of ______ involves conduct that is obscene.

A) indecent exposure
B) obscenity
C) pornography
D) lewdness

Question 10

______ is defined as behavior by anyone in a public place or private place who engages in violent, abusive, indecent, profane, boisterous, unreasonably loud circumstances in which the conduct tends to cause or provoke a disturbance.

A) Law against noise
B) Disorderly conduct
C) Breach of peace
D) Riot

Question 11

Crimes against ______ are intended to ensure that individuals walking on sidewalks, traveling on the streets, or enjoying the park are free from harassment, fear, threat, and alarm.

A) public order and morality
B) public safety
C) public threats
D) property

Question 12

Criminologists ______ and ______ argue that the function of criminal law is to protect persons and property, particularly juveniles and those in need of special protection.

A) James Q. Wilson; George Kelling
B) George Kelling; Edwin Sutherland
C) Cesare Lombroso; Edwin Sutherland
D) George Kelling; Edwin Sutherland

Question 13

______ involves procuring a prostitute for another individual, arranging a meeting for the purpose of prostitution, transporting an individual to a location for the purpose of prostitution, receiving money from a prostitute knowing that it was earned from prostitution, or owning, managing, or leasing a house of prostitution business.

A) Prostitution
B) Hooking
C) Pandering
D) Pimping

Question 14

It is estimated that there are roughly 21,000 ______ active in the United States.

A) gangs
B) homeless people
C) vagrants
D) riots

Question 15

______ includes offenses such as public drunkenness, vagrancy, loitering, panhandling, graffiti, and urinating and sleeping in public.

A) Public exposure
B) Public indecency
C) Private indecency
D) Status offense

Question 16

______ is defined as engaging in sexual intercourse or other sexual acts in exchange for money or other items of value.

A) Prostitution
B) Hooking
C) Pandering
D) Pimping

Question 17

A(n) ______ is identified under the common law as an individual who wanders the streets with no apparent means of earning a living.

A) indigent
B) wanderer
C) bum
D) vagrant

Question 18

All of the following are reasons cruelty to animals is a criminal offense EXCEPT ______.

A) teaching respect for animals teaches respect for people as well
B) people are attached to animals/pets
C) some people believe that animals have souls
D) violence toward animals leads to violence toward people as well

Question 19

At the common law, a(n) ______ was defined as the collection of three or more persons with the purpose to engage in an unlawful act.

A) rout
B) riot
C) gang
D) unlawful assembly

Question 20

The taking of steps toward the accomplishment of an unlawful act by a collection of three or more people was punished as a(n) ______.

A) rout
B) riot
C) gang
D) unlawful assembly

Question 21

Donovan went to a party as his fraternity house. Over 100 people showed up to the party; it was a huge success. The only downfall is that there were only two bathrooms in the entire house. After having a few too many beers Donovan really had to urinate and decided to do so outside since both bathrooms were occupied. He was not discreet about it at all and ended up dropping his pants right on the sidewalk next to a busy road. If he is arrested for this behavior what is the most likely charge?

A) disorderly conduct
B) indecent exposure
C) underage drinking
D) obscenity

Question 22

______ is when three or more individuals agreed to the illegal purpose prior to engaging in violence.

A) Unlawful assembly
B) Riot
C) Group disorderly conduct
D) Disorderly conduct

Question 23

All of the following are consequences of what some consider to be the overreach of criminal law EXCEPT ______.

A) Making an activity illegal means that there is little legal competition allowing for inflated prices.
B) Condemnation of illegal activities is undermined by the fact that the same activity is legalized in other jurisdictions.
C) People involved in these criminal activities are driven into a criminal subculture and may be victimized or become involved in other crimes.
D) Victimless offenses are just as harmful if not more as offenses where there is an identifiable victim.

Question 24

What are some of the criticisms of current prostitution laws?

A) Prostitutes are labeled as criminals.
B) Prostitutes are places in danger.
C) The government is deprived of tax revenue.
D) All of these.

Question 25

The mens rea for disorderly conduct is which of the following?

A) knowingly
B) intentionally
C) recklessness
D) depends on the state statute

Question 26

Gayle and her daughter Michele live together. Gayle has had trouble paying the bills for some time now and needs Michele to get a job. She knows that a minimum wage job will not be of much help, so she encourages her daughter to consider prostitution. Initially, Michele is hesitant but still entertains the idea. Gayle tells Michele she plans to kick her out of the house if she doesn't start soon. Afraid of being homeless, Michele begins working as a prostitute. Has Gayle committed a crime?

A) No, Michele is the only person who has committed a crime by engaging in prostitution.
B) No, neither individual committed a crime because Michele was acting out of necessity.
C) Yes, Gayle could be charged with pandering.
D) Yes, Gayle could be charged with pimping.

Question 27

All of the following crimes is said to disproportionately target young people, minorities, and individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds EXCEPT ______.

A) vagrancy
B) loitering
C) homelessness
D) white-collar

Question 28

All of the following are examples of a victimless crimes EXCEPT ______.

A) trespassing
B) prostitution
C) possession of obscene materials
D) gambling

Question 29

Rhonda and Joe recently ended their 9 year relationship. It didn't end well. She made 1,000 flyers with his picture on it under the title "SCUMBAG" and included his home address and phone number. She wanted him to experience public humiliation and ridicule. Under the common law, what type of offense might this be?

A) extrinsic breach of the peace
B) constructive breach of the peace
C) fighting words
D) disorderly conduct

Question 30

Michele loves dogs. She takes in every stray she finds and often saves them from being euthanized at shelters. Her house has been completely overrun and as a result she has been keeping them in her shed. Her shed is a small 10 × 10 space filled with nearly 90 dogs. What may cause her to be brought up on criminal charges for her seemingly humanitarian behavior?

A) cruelty to animals laws
B) human decency
C) sensitivity to the needs of animal's laws
D) the animal legal defense fund

Question 31

All of the following are findings by the Illinois Legislature concerning the peril posed by gangs EXCEPT ______.

A) Communities are terrorized and plundered by street gangs.
B) Gangs are controlled by criminally sophisticated adults who threaten young people into carrying out gang activity.
C) Gangs present a clear and present danger to public order and safety.
D) Gangs are primarily comprised by low-income minority males.

Question 32

Blake pulled up to a red streetlight in Chicago at an intersection where homeless individuals frequently ask for money. Today was no different than any other. The usual young male was standing there in dirty tattered clothes looking slightly more disheveled than usual, but that is to be expected with the heat wave the city was currently experiencing. Today, the man seemed rather pushy. Instead of just standing on the corner hoping someone would offer to help him out he came up to Blake's car window, repeatedly banging his fist and loudly yelling that he was in need of money. Blake began to feel extremely uncomfortable and threatened. Luckily after a stressful minute or two the light turned green and he drove off. If the homeless man committed a crime, what type of crime might it be?

A) crimes against property
B) crimes against persons
C) crimes against public order and morals
D) crimes against loitering

Question 33

______ is when a masseur or masseuse stimulates the genital organs of another, whether resulting in orgasm or not, by manual or other bodily contact exclusive of sexual intercourse or by instrumental manipulation for money or the substantial equivalent thereof.

A) Prostitution
B) Masturbation for hire
C) Lewdness
D) Fornication

Question 34

Which case established the three-part test for obscenity?

A) New York v. Feber
B) Miller v. California
C) United States v. Miller
D) Roth v. United States

Question 35

In what case did the court find the criminalization of homelessness by the city police by harassing homeless individuals by preventing them from congregating in areas where pantries made free food available?

A) Pottinger v. City of Miami
B) Joyce v. City and County of San Francisco
C) Kolender v. Lawson
D) Gallo v. Acuna

Question 36

All of the following are situations in which loitering or prowling is punished under the Model Penal Code EXCEPT ______.

A) A young man hanging out in a public parking lot at 4 A.M. spots a police officer in a patrol vehicle headed his way and takes off running into the night.
B) A young man hanging out in a public parking lot at 4 A.M. is stopped by a police officer in a patrol vehicle. The officer asks him to identify himself and he refuses.
C) A young man hanging out in a public parking lot at 4 A.M. is stopped by a police officer in a patrol vehicle. He is immediately arrested for loitering without any opportunity to identify himself or explain his behavior.
D) A young man hanging out in a public parking lot at 4 A.M. spots a police officer in a patrol vehicle headed his way. He quickly runs to the nearest dumpster and empties out the contents of his book bag and pockets.

Question 37

Rebecca has lived in the same neighborhood for 40 years. It's where her parents and grandparents lived too. When they first moved there, nearly 100 years ago, it was a very nice place. In fact, they were proud to be there. Throughout Rebecca's lifetime she has noticed the neighborhood slowly going downhill. It began with a few foreclosed and abandoned homes. Then graffiti showed up and drunks and drug addicts began frequenting the abandoned lots. Now she is afraid to go outside. Just last week there was a drive by shooting two blocks from her home. The slow decline of Rebecca's neighborhood is an example of what?

A) public decay
B) broken windows theory
C) broken doors theory
D) social disorganization theory

Question 38

What is the premise of the broken windows theory?

A) Dilapidated houses bring crime to the property.
B) We should address the small concerns before they develop into large-scale problems.
C) Neighborhoods should work hard to keep things looking nice.
D) Crime causes residents to move out of neighborhoods.

Question 39

______ is a misdemeanor sexual offense described as an unmarried person who engages in voluntary sexual intercourse with another individual.

A) Prostitution
B) Masturbation for hire
C) Lewdness
D) Fornication

Question 40

Bill went to Millennium Park to protest the recent budget cuts to education in Cook County. It was a spur of the moment thing and as a result he was alone in his efforts. Nonetheless he yelled and marched and held various signs up to get his point across. He is arrested and charged with rioting. Is this charge appropriate in the given circumstance?

A) No, he has committed aggravated disorderly conduct.
B) No, he has the right to freedom of expression.
C) Yes, he was disturbing the peace in a public place.
D) No, a riot requires more than just one person.

Question 41

Which of the following is a purpose for crimes against public order and morality?

A) to protect individuals in public places from harassment
B) to protect against fear, threat, and alarm
C) to ensure public peace, quiet, and tranquility
D) all of these

Question 42

Arrests for which of the following crimes are typically roughly equal to arrests for violent crimes?

A) disorderly conduct
B) riot
C) rape
D) crimes against animals

Question 43

It is legal only in three states to buy, sell, exhibit, produce, advertise, distribute, or possess with the intent to distribute child pornography.

Question 44

The early vagrancy statutes were passing in reaction to the end of the feudal system.

Question 45

Vagrancy is defined as standing in public with no apparent purpose.

Question 46

Public drunkenness is an example of public indecency.

Question 47

What is it called when individuals engage in statutorily prohibited acts that are NOT viewed as harmful to the actor or others?

A) victimless crimes
B) crimes against persons
C) void for vagueness
D) malm in se

Question 48

Which case held that a congressional act prohibiting creating, selling, or possessing depictions of animal cruelty with the purpose of placing the depiction into interstate commerce for commercial gain was in violation of the First Amendment?

A) United States v. Stevens
B) Miller v. California
C) United States v. Miller
D) Roth v. United States

Question 49

All of the following are reasons to have a separate riot offense EXCEPT ______.

A) A group has a mind of its own.
B) A group poses a bigger threat to society than individual.
C) A group is less easily deterred than an individual.
D) The sentencing guidelines allow for harsher punishments when charged as a group.

Question 50

Local ordinances have the effect of making it a crime to be homeless.

Question 51

In order to standardize the crime of disorderly conduct, the mens rea for disorderly conduct is the same for all states.

Question 52

Illinois is the only state in which prostitution is legal.

Question 53

Morris and Hawks argue that criminalizing consensual private behavior actually increases rather than decreases crime.

Question 54

According to the Illinois Legislature, street gangs do NOT present a clear and present danger to public order and decency.

Question 55

Courts have recognized that a clear distinction must be made between riots and the right of individuals to freely assemble to petition the government for the redress of grievances.

Question 56

The common law punished group disorderly conduct as a felony.

Question 57

Prostitution is only committed by exchanging sexual activity for money or other consideration.

Question 58

The crime of cruelty to animals is recognized as an offense against public order and decency.

Question 59

Riot statutes typically are used when a conspiracy or accessoryship cannot be easily applied.

Question 60

Disorderly conduct addresses relatively minor acts of criminality.

Question 61

Summarize and discuss the People v. Upshaw case. What was the main issue being discussed? What were the findings in the case? Do you agree or disagree?

Question 62

What is prostitution? Why is prostitution considered a crime? List and define other types of prostitution-related offenses. Should these acts be considered criminal? Why or why not?

Question 63

What is the criticism posited by Norval Morris and Gordon Hawkins regarding American criminal law? Do you agree with their criticisms? Why or why not? Use examples from your readings to support your answer.

Question 64

What is broken windows theory? What are the criticisms of broken windows theory? Do you agree with the theory? Why or why not?

Question 65

What is the difference between an unlawful assembly and a riot?

Question 66

Crimes against public order and decency have been criticized as punishing victimless crimes.

Question 67

What is a breach of the peace?

Question 68

What is the difference between pimping and pandering?

Question 69

Offenses such as disorderly conduct constitute a significant percentage of arrests and prosecutions.

Question 70

What was the gang ordinance adopted by the Chicago City Council in 1992? What are the criticisms of this type of ordinance? Do you agree with the ordinance? Why or why not?

Question 71

The open door theory is based on the belief that quality-of-life crimes lead to an increased incidence of crime.

Question 72

Crimes against public order traditionally have been viewed as having primary importance.

Question 73

Why does the United States have a crime against animal cruelty? Should cruelty to animals be recognized as an offense against public order and decency? Is animal cruelty a type of victimless crime? Why or why not?

Question 74

Give three examples of a crime against the quality of life.

Question 75

What is the difference between vagrancy and loitering?

Question 76

What is the difference between lewdness and indecent exposure?

Question 77

Why do we have a crime against cruelty to animals?

Question 78

What is the criticism against anti-gang efforts?

Question 79

Why do we have crimes against public order and morals?

Question 80

Give three reasons as to why prostitution is a crime.