Deck 26: Liberalism and Its Challengers

Question 1

George Wallace, governor of Alabama, followed the example of Mississippi governor Ross Barnett when Wallace

A) tried to prevent black students from entering his state's university.
B) called on the National Guard to prevent desegregation of schools.
C) sparked a riot with his pro-segregation activities and rhetoric.
D) compromised with the Kennedy administration on desegregation.

Answer 1

tried to prevent black students from entering his state's university.

Question 2

Although their speeches at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom differed in tone, both John Lewis and Martin Luther King Jr. made it clear that

A) unless its demands were met soon, the movement would turn to violence.
B) racial conciliation in the United States was not only possible; it was inevitable.
C) the civil rights movement would continue until its goals were achieved.
D) the movement supported President Kennedy's policies without reservation.

Answer 2

the civil rights movement would continue until its goals were achieved.

Question 3

Violent resistance to peaceful civil rights protests was represented by the figure of

A) Ross Barnett.
B) George Wallace.
C) Eugene Connor.
D) Barry Goldwater.

Answer 3

Eugene Connor.

Question 4

The 1964 Civil Rights Act was ineffective at addressing the problem of

A) school desegregation.
B) access to voting rights.
C) job discrimination.
D) segregated buses.

Question 5

The purpose of the Freedom Rides was to

A) demand the desegregation of interstate bus and train travel.
B) test whether court-ordered desegregation was being enforced.
C) protest the continuing violent assaults of civil rights activists.
D) get the federal government to respond to the southern struggle.

Question 6

During the 1960s, the size of the Spanish-speaking population had grown from

A) two million to 5 million.
B) three million to nine million.
C) 8 million to 12 million.
D) 500,000 to five million.

Question 7

By 1970, American Indians experienced

A) low life expectancies.
B) segregation in southern colleges.
C) a revival of tribal culture on reservations.
D) a boost in employment opportunities.

Question 8

Who were the Vietcong?

A) South Vietnamese rebel forces
B) North Vietnamese soldiers
C) Supporters of the Diem regime
D) The Vietnamese Buddhist majority

Question 9

The failure of the Bay of Pigs operation can be attributed to

A) outdated intelligence going back to the Eisenhower administration.
B) a lack of Cuban support for overthrowing Fidel's Castro regime.
C) President John F. Kennedy's ambivalence about intervening in Cuban politics.
D) the involvement of Soviet troops in turning back the invasion.

Question 10

President Lyndon B. Johnson was able to get a civil rights bill through Congress that

A) addressed voting rights in the South.
B) established quotas for the admission of black students to universities.
C) established full citizenship for African Americans.
D) prohibited discrimination in public accommodations.

Question 11

Establishing the Peace Corps was part of President Kennedy's broader commitment to

A) convincing developing nations to model themselves after the United States.
B) providing aid to nations that seemed in danger of falling to communism.
C) spreading the message of Galbraith's The Affluent Society to other countries.
D) using covert means to undermine Communist-leaning governments abroad.

Question 12

In the wake of the Tet Offensive in Vietnam, President Johnson felt compelled to

A) not seek reelection.
B) initiate peace talks.
C) order more bombings.
D) withdraw troops.

Question 13

Which of the following organizations fought for the civil rights of Puerto Ricans in the United States?

A) Third World Liberation Front
B) La Raza
C) Young Lords Party
D) Young Americans for Freedom

Question 14

The United States withdrew its support of the Diem regime in South Vietnam in response to

A) Diem's misuse of U.S. aid.
B) anti-Diem protests by Buddhist monks.
C) pressure from the American public.
D) the refuting of the "domino effect."

Question 15

Owing to its lack of industrial development and infrastructure, Vietnam was

A) unable to fight off American troops.
B) not vulnerable to Agent Orange.
C) able to withstand bombing attacks.
D) dependent on Soviet weaponry.

Question 16

What was the goal of "reform capitalism"?

A) A redistribution of wealth that took from the rich and gave to the poor
B) A welfare state in which the government guaranteed subsistence for all
C) Prosperity for all based on a productive and growing economy
D) The return to a pre-Depression free market economy with a few modifications

Question 17

President Kennedy was slow to act on his promises of civil rights reform because he

A) was distracted by the conflict in Vietnam.
B) made foreign affairs his top priority.
C) wasn't pressured by black activists.
D) feared alienating southern Democrats.

Question 18

The signing of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was a reaction to the

A) construction of the Berlin Wall.
B) American University speech.
C) Cuban missile crisis.
D) escalation of the Vietnam War.

Question 19

The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was originally conceived by

A) Martin Luther King Jr.
B) Bayard Rustin.
C) John Lewis.
D) A. Philip Randolph.

Question 20

What motivated the Soviets to build the Berlin Wall?

A) Kennedy's decision to deploy additional American troops in Europe
B) A desire to retaliate for the Bay of Pigs operation in Cuba
C) Nikita Khrushchev's determination to undermine President Kennedy's confidence
D) The desire to distract American attention from Cuba

Question 21

Which of the following would have been a likely opponent of the Equal Rights Amendment?

A) Union women
B) Members of the NOW organization
C) White middle-class women
D) Betty Friedan

Question 22

How did the counterculture view the elimination of sexual restrictions in society?

A) As another demonstration of male dominance over women
B) As a central feminist strategy
C) As a path toward racial equality
D) As essential for transforming personal and social behavior

Question 23

From the perspective of Students for a Democratic Society, what did the Communist Party have in common with large universities and corporations?

A) They all attracted white-collar workers and students.
B) They all were impersonal and undemocratic institutions.
C) They all discriminated against African Americans.
D) They all refused to support America's Cold War goals.

Question 24

The Warren Court developed a reputation for

A) supporting federal authority.
B) strengthening states' rights.
C) protecting individual freedoms.
D) enhancing police powers.

Question 25

The National Organization for Women's initial focus was

A) sexual freedom.
B) beauty standards.
C) consciousness-raising.
D) equal employment.

Question 26

The Griswold v. Connecticut decision found that

A) states could not ban the sale of contraceptives.
B) the police had to inform suspects of their rights.
C) states could not prohibit interracial marriage.
D) lawyers had to be provided for poor defendants.

Question 27

Which group was the target of campus protests?

A) Conservatives like Barry Goldwater
B) Communists like Nikita Khrushchev
C) Liberals like California governor Edmund "Pat" Brown
D) White supremacists like the White Citizens Council

Question 28

The Broadway production of the musical Hair and the exhibition of X-rated films in mainstream venues can be attributed to the

A) success of the Free Speech Movement at Berkeley.
B) popularity of the Rolling Stones' raunchy songs.
C) sexual liberation of young American women.
D) 1966 Supreme Court decision on pornography.

Question 29

The purpose of the 1965 Immigration Act was to

A) guarantee that the majority of immigrants came from Europe.
B) increase the size of the black population in the United States.
C) decrease the overall number of new immigrants.
D) increase regional diversity among new immigrants.

Question 30

President Johnson's landslide victory over Barry Goldwater suggested that the majority of American voters

A) were active members of the Democratic Party.
B) no longer worried about the Communist threat.
C) supported federal spending on domestic problems.
D) believed the Republican Party was too conservative.

Question 31

Johnson's vision of the Great Society as being about more than economics was reflected in the creation of

A) the National Endowment for the Arts.
B) Medicare and Medicaid.
C) Volunteers in Service to America.
D) job training programs for the poor.

Question 32

The Selma-to-Montgomery civil rights march and the violent response it attracted led to

A) Governor Wallace's support for voting rights.
B) the banning of protest marches in Alabama.
C) disillusionment with nonviolent protest actions.
D) passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Question 33

Students for a Democratic Society was initially modeled on the

A) Communist Party.
B) Free Speech Movement
C) Young Americans for Freedom.
D) Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee.

Question 34

The efforts of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party in 1964 resulted in

A) Lyndon Johnson's presidential nomination.
B) delegate Fannie Lou Hamer losing her job.
C) an integrated Mississippi delegation in 1968.
D) the killing of three civil rights workers.

Question 35

The transformation of college campuses to centers of political protest during the late 1960s was motivated by

A) university-sponsored prohibitions against activism.
B) anxiety about the military draft of young men.
C) conflicts over desegregation of public institutions.
D) the popularity of illegal drug use among students.

Question 36

Southern white supremacists perceived Freedom Summer as an enemy invasion because of the participation of

A) white college students.
B) black college students.
C) rural black youngsters.
D) federal officials.

Question 37

The decisions of the Warren Court supported and expanded on President Johnson's

A) anti-poverty programs.
B) criminal justice policies.
C) decisions on Vietnam.
D) commitment to civil rights.

Question 38

The women's liberation movement was sparked by

A) the availability of birth control pills for women.
B) President Kennedy's Commission on the Status of Women.
C) women's participation in civil rights and New Left activism.
D) debates over the efficacy of the Equal Rights Amendment.

Question 39

Which of the following was the site of the Free Speech Movement?

A) Columbia University
B) University of Michigan
C) University of Mississippi
D) University of California

Question 40

Although President Johnson's War on Poverty included education and community development programs, his primary strategy for helping the poor was

A) economic expansion.
B) public work programs.
C) welfare payments.
D) urban redevelopment.

Question 41

American conservatism during the 1960s could be characterized as libertarian and

A) atheist.
B) working-class.
C) internationalist.
D) Christian.

Question 42

The image "The Berkeley Free Speech Movement" shows student leader Mario Savio among other students in Sproul Hall at the University of California at Berkeley. What command of Savio's did the students seem to follow here?

A) "Put your bodies upon the gears."
B) "Trust no one over thirty."
C) "If some are not free, then none of us are free."
D) "The personal is political."

Question 43

The founders of the Young Americans for Freedom were inspired by

A) Richard Nixon.
B) William Buckley.
C) Billy Joe Hargis.
D) Frederick Charles Schwartz.

Question 44

The image "My Lai Massacre, 1968" shows the victims of the deadly attack by U.S. army soldiers during the Tet Offensive. What conclusion does this picture permit?

A) The shooters had been looking for Vietcong.
B) Some of the villages had fought back.
C) U.S. soldiers had tried to spare civilians and only kill identifiable enemies.
D) The shooters were not concerned whether evidence of this massacre would have repercussions for them.

Question 45

Although the agendas of young black and Chicano activists overlapped a great deal, an issue of concern unique to Chicanos was

A) employment.
B) voting rights.
C) bilingual education.
D) nationalist pride.

Question 46

The Sharon Statement was the conservative counterpart of

A) King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail."
B) American Women.
C) The Feminine Mystique.
D) the Port Huron Statement.

Question 47

The findings of the Kerner Commission suggested that

A) the civil rights movement had been successful.
B) the civil rights movement had been a failure.
C) urban rioting was indefensible criminal behavior.
D) racial segregation was not a problem.

Question 48

The philosophy of the Black Panthers reflected the influence of

A) Martin Luther King Jr.
B) Bayard Rustin.
C) Fannie Lou Hamer.
D) Malcolm X.

Question 49

George Wallace's support among white northerners reflected

A) their commitment to states' rights.
B) a backlash against civil rights gains.
C) opposition to the progressive income tax.
D) their desire for small government.

Question 50

Conservatives who opposed civil rights legislation said their position was based on a belief in

A) white supremacy.
B) anticommunism.
C) states' rights.
D) Christian values.

Question 51

The Roe v. Wade decision was part of a larger Supreme Court trend toward

A) enhancing the rights of criminal defendants.
B) ending discrimination against women and minorities.
C) easing restrictions on the distribution of pornography.
D) protecting individual rights and freedoms.

Question 52

According to black power advocates, the civil rights movement had failed to address

A) urban poverty.
B) higher education.
C) women's rights.
D) job discrimination.