Deck 7: Urinary System

Question 1

What happens to the waste products and some of the water remaining in the tubules after reabsorption?

A) They are reabsorbed by the glomerulus.
B) They are reabsorbed by the renal pelvis.
C) They are absorbed into the bloodstream.
D) They become urine.

Answer 1

They become urine.

Question 2

Which term means above a kidney?

A) Nephrolith
B) Nephrolysis
C) Renovascular
D) Suprarenal

Answer 2

Suprarenal

Question 3

What is cystectomy?

A) Excision of the bladder
B) Incision of the bladder
C) Inflammation of the bladder
D) Herniation of the bladder

Answer 3

Excision of the bladder

Question 4

Which term means stricture of the urethra?

A) Urethrocele
B) Urethrocystitis
C) Urethrospasm
D) Urethrostenosis

Question 5

What is cystotomy?

A) Hemorrhage from the bladder
B) Incision of the bladder
C) Discharge from the bladder
D) Inflammation of the bladder

Question 6

What is the name of the functional unit of a kidney?

A) Glomerulus
B) Tubule
C) Nephron
D) Bowman capsule

Question 7

Which of the following disorders commonly leads to urethral obstruction and interference with urine flow in later stages?

A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia
B) Diabetes insipidus
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Diabetic retinopathy

Question 8

Critical elevation or increase in which of the following generally represents impairment of renal function?

A) Blood urea nitrogen
B) Candida albicans
C) Lipids
D) Urination

Question 9

What does urinary incontinence mean?

A) Excessive urination
B) Absence of urination
C) Inability to control urination
D) None of the above

Question 10

Which term means excessive urination at night, often interfering with sleep?

A) Anuric
B) Continence
C) Incontinence
D) Nycturia

Question 11

What does cystocele mean?

A) Resection of the bladder
B) Incision of the bladder
C) Inflammation of the bladder
D) Herniation of the bladder

Question 12

What is the term for painful or difficult urination?

A) Anuric
B) Dysuria
C) Polyuria
D) Uremic

Question 13

Which procedure allows direct visualization inside the kidney using a fiberoptic instrument?

A) Nephrotomy
B) Nephroscopy
C) Nephrosonography
D) Nephrotomography

Question 14

Which of the following is a congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located above its usual place?

A) Epispadias
B) Hypospadias
C) Renal hypertension
D) Renal hypotension

Question 15

Which of the following means excision of a renal calculus from the pelvis of the kidney?

A) Cystolithectomy
B) Pyelolithotomy
C) Lithotripsy
D) Pyelostomy

Question 16

Which term means surgical excision of a kidney and its ureter?

A) Nephrolithotomy
B) Nephroureterectomy
C) Transureteroureterostomy
D) Ureterostomy

Question 17

Which of the following terms means an instrument that is used to measure specific gravity?

A) Nephroscope
B) Nephrostomy tube
C) Urinary cast
D) Urinometer

Question 18

Which of the following means hardening of the kidney?

A) Nephromalacia
B) Nephrosclerosis
C) Nephrotic syndrome
D) None of the above

Question 19

Which of the following is a dysfunction of the bladder caused by a lesion of the nervous system?

A) Interstitial nephritis
B) Nephritic syndrome
C) Neurogenic bladder
D) Staghorn calculi

Question 20

To what does the term renovascular refer?

A) Blood vessels of the kidneys
B) Kidneys and lungs
C) The vein that returns blood to the heart from the kidneys
D) The vein that supplies blood to the kidney

Question 21

What is glomerulonephritis?

A) It is another name for "floating kidney."
B) It is surgical detachment of an inflamed kidney from nearby adhesions.
C) It is inflammation of the kidney and bladder.
D) It is inflammation of the kidney that involves primarily the clusters of capillaries that act as filters.

Question 22

Which of the following is characteristic of polycystic kidney disease?

A) Widespread glycogen deposits
B) Excessive elimination of urine by the bladder
C) Many fluid-filled sacs throughout the kidneys
D) Hematuria and polyuria

Question 23

How does a proximal tubule compare with a distal tubule?

A) The proximal tubule is nearer the renal pelvis.
B) The proximal tubule is nearer the glomerulus.
C) The proximal tubule is longer.
D) The proximal tubule is thinner.

Question 24

What occurs when the kidneys fail to function properly?

A) Uremia
B) Urography
C) Nephromalacia
D) Nephrolithiasis

Question 25

What does glycosuria mean?

A) Increased blood sugar
B) Decreased blood sugar
C) Excretion of pus in the urine
D) Excretion of sugar in the urine

Question 26

Which term means between the kidneys?

A) Intrarenal
B) Interrenal
C) Infrarenal
D) Suprarenal

Question 27

What is the term for examination of the interior of the bladder?

A) Cystoscopy
B) Pyeloscopy
C) Cystoscope
D) Pyeloscope

Question 28

Which of the following may be detected during cystoscopy?

A) Bladder polyps
B) Ketone bodies
C) Rectocele
D) Urinary casts

Question 29

What is albuminuria?

A) The presence of albuminous casts in the urine
B) The presence of albumin in the urine
C) Excretion of pus in the urine
D) Excretion of sugar in the urine

Question 30

What is the name of the record obtained when contrast medium is injected into the vein at particular times and radiographs are taken to observe kidney function?

A) Renal clearance test
B) Intravenous urogram
C) Cystoscopy
D) Hemodialysis

Question 31

What is polyuria?

A) An abbreviated way of saying polycystic kidney
B) The opposite of anuria
C) The congenital presence of more than two kidneys
D) The occurrence of bilateral renal failure

Question 32

Which of the following means the same as nephromegaly?

A) Renal stone
B) Renal enlargement
C) Hypermobile kidney
D) Transplanted kidney

Question 33

What is another name for a kidney stone?

A) Nephrosis
B) Nephritis
C) Nephrolith
D) Nephrorrhexis

Question 34

What does the term urethrocele mean?

A) Pertaining to the bladder and the urethra
B) Pertaining to the bladder and a ureter
C) Herniation of the urethra
D) Herniation of a ureter

Question 35

What is inflamed in ureteropyelitis?

A) The urethra and bladder
B) A ureter and the bladder
C) The urethra and renal pelvis
D) A ureter and the renal pelvis

Question 36

What is the name of an instrument that is inserted through the external meatus into the urethra and then passed to the bladder to collect urine?

A) Ureteral catheter
B) Urethral catheter
C) Intravenous cannula
D) Transurethral resector

Question 37

In which of the following is an instrument passed through the urethra to remove small pieces of the prostate gland?

A) Intravenous pyelogram
B) Retrograde pyelography
C) Transurethral resection
D) Urethrorrhaphy

Question 38

What is the diagnostic term for the condition that results whenever the tissue surrounding the kidney fails to anchor it to nearby structures and the kidney droops?

A) Renal failure
B) Renal colic
C) Nephroptosis
D) Nephropexy

Question 39

What does glomerulopathy mean?

A) Any renal disease
B) Any disease of the filtering part of the kidney
C) A disease of the renal tubules
D) A disease of the renal pelvis

Question 40

Which type of vessel transports blood to the kidneys?

A) Suprarenal vessels
B) Renal tubules
C) Renal arteries
D) Renal veins

Question 41

Which of the following does not mean the same as the other three choices?

A) Renal calculus
B) Kidney stone
C) Nephrolith
D) Nephropexy

Question 42

What is the function of the bladder?

A) Collects substances that filter through the glomerular walls
B) Is a reservoir for urine until it is excreted
C) Carries urine from the urethra
D) Carries urine to the kidney for filtration

Question 43

Which of the following terms refers to ultrasonography of the kidney?

A) Nephrolithotomy
B) Nephroscopy
C) Nephrosonography
D) Nephrotomography

Question 44

What is the function of a ureter?

A) Collects substances that filter through the glomerular walls
B) A reservoir for urine until it is excreted
C) Carries urine from the bladder
D) Carries urine to the bladder

Question 45

What does nephrolysis mean?

A) Dissolving of erythrocytes within the kidney
B) Destruction of kidney tissue
C) An abnormal condition of the kidney
D) Any kidney disease

Question 46

What is urography?

A) Any disease of the urine
B) Any disease of the urinary system
C) A diagnostic test performed on urine
D) Roentgenography of the urinary system

Question 47

What is cystitis?

A) A tumorous cyst
B) An inflamed cyst
C) A cystic bladder
D) Inflammation of the bladder

Question 48

What is the renal pelvis?

A) Clusters of capillaries that act as filters
B) A long, twisted structure where reabsorption occurs
C) A complete functioning unit of the kidney
D) A cavity in the kidney that collects urine from many ducts

Question 49

What is the meaning of urethritis?

A) Discharge from the urethra
B) Inflammation of the urethra
C) Prolapse of the urethra
D) Suture of the urethra

Question 50

Which of the following is not a diagnostic renal or urinary test?

A) Hemodialysis
B) Intravenous urography
C) Nephrotomography
D) Renal arteriography

Question 51

Which term means distention of the kidney with urine, resulting from obstruction of a ureter?

A) Nephroscope
B) Hydronephrosis
C) Nephrostomy
D) Ureterostenosis

Question 52

What is unilateral nephromegaly?

A) Inflammation of only one kidney
B) Inflammation of both kidneys
C) Enlargement of only one kidney
D) Enlargement of both kidneys

Question 53

Which of the following structures does not serve as an excretory organ for elimination of wastes?

A) Skin
B) Kidney
C) Heart
D) Lungs

Question 54

Which of the following means diffusing blood through a semipermeable membrane in order to remove toxic materials and maintain the acid-base balance?

A) Intravenous pyelography
B) Retrograde urography
C) Kidney clearance
D) Kidney dialysis

Question 55

What is the name of the process in which substances that the body conserves are prevented from being excreted in urine?

A) Cross-elimination
B) Glomerular filtration
C) Tubular reabsorption
D) Urinary secretion

Question 56

Which of the following is the most common site of urinary tract cancer?

A) Bladder
B) Kidney
C) Ureter
D) Urethra

Question 57

What are renal tubules?

A) Clusters of capillaries that act as filters
B) Long, twisted structures where reabsorption occurs
C) Functional units of the kidney
D) Cavities within the kidney that collect urine from many ducts

Question 58

What is the function of the urethra?

A) To collect substances that filter through the glomerular walls
B) To store urine until it is excreted
C) To carry urine from the bladder
D) To carry urine to the bladder

Question 59

What does oliguria mean?

A) Diminished output of less than 100 mL of urine a day
B) Excreting less than 500 mL of urine a day
C) Frequent urination
D) Painful urination

Question 60

What are glomeruli?

A) Clusters of capillaries that act as filters
B) Long, twisted structures where reabsorption occurs
C) Functional units of the kidney
D) Cavities within the kidney that collect urine from many ducts

Question 61

What is ureterocystostomy?

A) Surgical transplantation of a ureter to a different place in the bladder
B) Incision of the urinary bladder
C) Formation of a new opening into the renal pelvis
D) Excision of the bladder from the ligaments that hold it in position

Question 62

Which of the following means the presence of necrotic white blood cells in the urine?

A) Albuminuria
B) Leukorrhea
C) Pyuria
D) Uremia

Question 63

What is the term for surgical fixation of the kidney to correct nephroptosis?

A) Nephrectomy
B) Nephropexy
C) Nephrorrhexis
D) Nephrorrhagia

Question 64

Which term means x-ray study of the urethra after injection of an opaque medium?

A) Renal angiography
B) Urethrostenosis
C) Urethrography
D) Urethrorrhaphy

Question 65

What is uremia?

A) Blood in the urine
B) Toxic products in the urine
C) Accumulation of waste products in the blood
D) The in vitro mixing of elements from the urine and the blood

Question 66

Which of the following is one meaning of nephrolysis?

A) Abnormal softening of the kidney
B) Freeing of a kidney from adhesions
C) Hemolysis of blood by the kidneys
D) Removal of a stone from the kidney

Question 67

Which of the following occurs when the kidney-supporting tissues are weakened by sudden strain or a blow?

A) Nephroptosis
B) Nephrolithiasis
C) Glomerulonephritis
D) Abdominocystic carcinoma

Question 68

Which of the following means surgical connection of one ureter to another?

A) Hydroureter
B) Transureteroureterostomy
C) Ureterectomy
D) Ureterostomy

Question 69

Which of the following is measurement of various aspects of the process of voiding to evaluate problems with urine flow?

A) Hemodialysis
B) Transurethral resection
C) Urinary catheterization
D) Urodynamic studies

Question 70

Which type of vessel reabsorbs variable quantities of water, electrolytes, and other substances during the filtration of blood and the formation of urine?

A) Bowman capsules
B) Renal pelvis
C) Peritubular capillaries
D) Inferior vena cava

Question 71

In which of the following pathologies does urinary output of more than 3000 mL/day occur?

A) Gestational diabetes
B) Diabetes insipidus
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Glomerulonephritis

Question 72

Which is not a function of the kidneys?

A) The production of prostaglandins
B) The production of erythropoietin
C) The regulation of the water and pH of the body
D) The production of insulin

Question 73

Which congenital defect is present when a baby boy is born with the urinary opening on the underside of the penis?

A) Epispadias
B) Hilum
C) Hypospadias
D) Renal failure

Question 74

Which of the following naturally occurs after one of the kidneys is removed?

A) Nephrorrhexis
B) Nephromegaly
C) Nephromalacia
D) Nephrolithiasis

Question 75

Which term means formation of a new opening into the bladder?

A) Cystostomy
B) Cystoplegia
C) Peritoneal dialysis
D) Retention

Question 76

Which of the following means a condition marked by the presence of renal calculi?

A) Nephrolithotomy
B) Nephrolithiasis
C) Nephrocystopathy
D) Nephrosclerosis

Question 77

What is the name of the process whereby some waste products of metabolism move from the bloodstream into the renal tubule?

A) Glomerular filtration
B) Tubular reabsorption
C) Tubular secretion
D) Urination

Question 78

What does the term ureterocele mean?

A) Herniation of a tube that carries urine from the bladder
B) Herniation of a tube that carries urine to the bladder
C) A polyp in a ureter
D) A polyp in the urethra

Question 79

Which of the following is consistent with urethrorrhagia?

A) Ketones in the urine
B) Blood in the urine
C) Polyuria
D) Glycosuria

Question 80

Which term means an abnormal backward or return flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters?

A) Urinary continence
B) Urinary incontinence
C) Urinary reflux
D) Uropathy