Deck 12: Leadership Perspectives

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true regarding the differences between managing and leading?

A) Managing focuses on the day-to-day activities.
B) Leading maintains status quo.
C) Managing looks at the big picture.
D) Leading focuses on the day-to-day activities.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which characteristic is more associated with leaders than managers?

A) visionary
B) trains and develops
C) promote stability
D) ensure operations run smoothly

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Annette is part of the nursing staff in St. Joseph's emergency room. Her coworkers often look to her for guidance when assisting patients because of her high clinical competencies. Annette has become a/an ______.

A) unofficial leader
B) natural leader
C) management leader
D) informal leader

Answer 3

D

Question 4

To be a formal leader, one must ______.

A) be officially designated by the organization
B) have a higher level degree than other employees
C) have androgynous traits
D) extensive leadership training

Question 5

Leader ______ occurs when someone naturally becomes the leader of a leaderless group.

A) authority
B) effectiveness
C) emergence
D) popularity

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true regarding leading in comparison to managing?

A) Leading focuses on stability and the smooth running of operations.
B) Leading is a product of the 20th century and the industrialization era.
C) Leading consists of creating a vision and influencing others to achieve goals.
D) Leading focuses on the day-to-day activities to get a job done.

Question 7

If the day manager of a restaurant goes home for the rest of the day, leaving the waitstaff without a leader, it is likely that leader ______ will occur.

A) popularity
B) authority
C) emergence
D) effectiveness

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of both managers and leaders?

A) If someone is a leader, then they are also a manager and vice versa.
B) Both leaders and managers work with people, set goals, and influence others to achieve goals.
C) Both leaders and managers create a vision and introduce change.
D) Both leaders and managers maintain the status quo and work to keep things stable.

Question 9

Of the four leadership types, which one encourages their followers to share in the mission and expects them to commit to him or her as they work toward the desired goal?

A) directive
B) transactional
C) visionary
D) empowering

Question 10

The CEO of Demix, Chris, is absent or not engaged with day-to-day activities. Out of the two department heads, Giselle and Bryton, Giselle takes on the responsibilities of leading the two groups. What concept does this represent?

A) leader popularity
B) leader effectiveness
C) leader empowerment
D) leader emergence

Question 11

How would you classify a leader who has certain rights and privileges that allow him or her to reward or discipline employees?

A) formal
B) official
C) informal
D) authorized

Question 12

Lucinda implements guidelines and provides information about what is expected for her employees. She also makes decisions without asking for suggestions from others. What type of leader is Lucinda?

A) directive
B) transactional
C) visionary
D) empowering

Question 13

______ is a process of providing general direction from a position of influence to individuals or groups toward the successful attainment of goals.

A) Management
B) Leadership
C) Empowerment
D) Motivation

Question 14

Willis from Popits Press has created a list of sales goals. When employees reach each level of sales goal, they receive a reward. What type of leadership is being represented?

A) directive leader
B) visionary leader
C) transactional leader
D) empowering leader

Question 15

______ leadership is the process of leading others to lead themselves.

A) Transactional
B) Visionary
C) Empowering
D) Directive

Question 16

Of the four basic types of leaders, which one is also called to Superleadership?

A) transactional leadership
B) empowering leadership
C) directive leadership
D) visionary leadership

Question 17

Which of the following characteristics is associated with transactional leadership?

A) develop skills of followers
B) making decisions without asking for suggestions
C) focus on the technical task
D) motivate with rewards

Question 18

When someone provides general direction from a position of influence to individuals or groups toward the attainment of goals one would be in a position of ______.

A) motivation
B) management
C) empowerment
D) leadership

Question 19

Which type of leadership is officially designated by the organization?

A) official leader
B) formal leader
C) authorized leader
D) endorsed leader

Question 20

Which leadership type is most closely related to production-oriented leadership and an autocratic style?

A) directive
B) transactional
C) visionary
D) empowering

Question 21

______ leadership shifts the focus from the leader to the follower through the idea of self-leadership.

A) Directive
B) Transactional
C) Visionary
D) Empowering

Question 22

Which university research included a two-dimensional view of leadership behavior including initiating structure and consideration?

A) Arizona State University
B) University of Michigan
C) University of Oregon
D) Ohio State University

Question 23

Which leadership perspective theory explores the relationship between leaders' personal qualities and characteristics and the way their traits differentiate leaders from nonleaders?

A) contingency leadership perspective
B) knowledge leadership perspective
C) trait leadership perspective
D) behavioral leadership perspective

Question 24

Louis is a military leader and his team often encounters emergency situations. When in emergency situations, Louis should use which of the following leadership styles?

A) Hersey and Blanchard's telling style
B) Blake and Mouton's "produce or perish" style
C) House's directive leadership style
D) Fiedler's high LPC approach

Question 25

In Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership Model, ______ is a directive approach in which leaders give clear instructions and guidance to followers.

A) telling
B) selling
C) participating
D) delegating

Question 26

House's path-goal theory includes the interaction between which leadership styles?

A) telling, selling, participating, and delegating
B) directive, transactional, visionary, and empowering
C) directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented
D) country club, impoverished, middle-of-the-road, and team leadership

Question 27

What were the two main styles of leadership behavior that the University of Michigan study developed?

A) job-centered and employee-centered
B) employee-centered and performance-centered
C) job-centered and human resource-centered
D) employee-centered and product-centered

Question 28

Leader-member exchange theory explains that people are often subconsciously placed into two different groups of followers. What are the two groups?

A) minority group and majority group
B) leadership group and follower group
C) telling group and selling group
D) in-group exchange and out-group exchange

Question 29

Tre concludes that he has been placed in his superior Gwyneth's out-group. Which of the following statements is likely true?

A) Tre should do nothing, he will have plenty of career opportunities in the out-group.
B) It will be hard for Tre to move into Gwyneth's in-group, so he should consider leaving the organization.
C) If he works hard, he will soon be able to easily move to the in-group.
D) Tre is likely perceived as loyal, trustworthy, and skilled by Gwyneth.

Question 30

What are the three early leadership perspectives that focus on different ways in which a great leader is created?

A) trait, behavioral, and contingency theories
B) drive, knowledge, and cognitive theories
C) initiating structure, consideration, and cognitive theories
D) transactional, visionary, and empowering theories

Question 31

Which leadership perspective claimed that the effectiveness of the leader depended on there being an appropriate match between the leader's traits or behaviors and the demands and characteristics of the situation?

A) contingency leadership perspective
B) knowledge leadership perspective
C) trait leadership perspective
D) behavioral leadership perspective

Question 32

One of the four dimensions of transformational leadership, ______ promotes commitment to a shared vision of the future.

A) idealized influence
B) inspirational motivation
C) intellectual stimulation
D) individualized consideration

Question 33

The ______ leader inspires followers to transcend their self-interests for the good of the organization and commit to a shared vision.

A) inspirational
B) transactional
C) transformational
D) intellectual

Question 34

The Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) questionnaire measures which of the following?

A) the communication style of a leader
B) the ability to lead teams
C) whether a leader is task-orientated or relationship-orientated
D) the best and worst possible team members with a self-managing team

Question 35

Myla is in charge of producing 100 air conditioning units a day. Her team knows that if they do not meet this requirement, they could possibly get a pay cut or lose their jobs. Using the Blake Mouton Grid, Myla has a ______ concern for people and a ______ concern for production.

A) low; high
B) low; low
C) high; low
D) high; high

Question 36

The Ohio State and University of Michigan studies researched which concept?

A) the leadership characteristics perspective
B) trait leadership perspective
C) contingency leadership perspective
D) behavioral leadership perspective

Question 37

Behavioral leadership perspective proposes that ______.

A) behaviors and traits are the same thing
B) specific behaviors distinguish leaders from non-leaders
C) behaviors can be nurtured over time
D) characteristics of a leader are not as important as behaviors

Question 38

The Blake Mouton Grid, which was an extension of the results published from the Ohio State studies, plots ______.

A) concern for motivation and concern for leadership
B) concern for planning and concern for organizing
C) concern for influencing and concern for communicating
D) concern for production and concern for people

Question 39

What did the Blake Mouton Grid reaffirm with the findings of the Ohio State studies?

A) Consideration of production is more important than employee's consideration.
B) Consideration of employees leads to a higher performing workforce.
C) Consideration is the most important aspect of leadership.
D) Produce or perish is the most important concern of leadership.

Question 40

______ leader is one who tends to focus on the technical or task aspects of the job.

A) Productive-oriented
B) Transactional
C) Visionary
D) Empowering

Question 41

When practicing self-leadership, ______ strategies involves modification of certain key mental thought processes to be more positive and optimistic in our thinking patterns.

A) natural reward
B) cognitive dissonance
C) behavior focused
D) constructive thought pattern

Question 42

When leaders practice ______, they influence others through personal values, morals, and beliefs.

A) authentic leadership
B) spiritual leadership
C) servant leadership
D) ethical leadership

Question 43

Jason has no need for recognition in his job. He is more interested in his team succeeding and the greater good of their community. What type of values-based leadership style is he exhibiting?

A) authentic leadership
B) spiritual leadership
C) servant leadership
D) ethical leadership

Question 44

______ is a pattern of values-based leadership behavior based on honesty, practicality, and ethicality.

A) Ethical leadership
B) Authentic leadership
C) Spiritual leadership
D) Servant leadership

Question 45

Alex has decided to lead his followers by sharing responsibility with the group, which distributes influence among his workgroup. Alex is demonstrating ______.

A) transformational leadership
B) shared leadership
C) empowering leadership
D) self-leadership

Question 46

One way to practice self-leadership is through ______ strategies, which include increasing one's own self-awareness and managing one's own conduct.

A) natural reward
B) cognitive dissonance
C) behavior-focused
D) constructive thought pattern

Question 47

Genevieve realizes that she has a particularly arduous task ahead of her. Before she starts working, Genevieve visualizes the project in its completed form. She also decides to set a goal of completing the more tedious tasks first. Then, once she has completed the project, she sets a reward for herself. Genevieve is practicing ______.

A) authentic leadership
B) self-determination
C) self-confidence
D) self-leadership

Question 48

Camille's leadership style includes delegating power. Her employees feel motivated and inspired to achieve goals. She leads by example, coaches, informs, and shows concern for her employees. She is practicing ______.

A) shared leadership
B) transformational leadership
C) empowering leadership
D) transactional leadership

Question 49

______ is a process whereby people intentionally influence their thinking and behavior to achieve their objectives.

A) Shared leadership
B) Transformational leadership
C) Self-leadership
D) Empowering leadership

Question 50

______ is a values-based style of leadership that motivates employees through faith, hope, and vision.

A) Ethical leadership
B) Authentic leadership
C) Spiritual leadership
D) Servant leadership

Question 51

Which two leadership perspectives facilitate and encourage self-leadership?

A) transactional and shared
B) empowering and shared
C) emotional and liberating
D) authoritarian and participative

Question 52

______ is defined as the capacity of individuals to cooperate with leaders.

A) Compliance
B) Commitment
C) Followership
D) Participating

Question 53

Although parts of Martin's job are tedious, he tends to approach the tasks so that he still finds them pleasurable. That is, he completes the most boring parts of the task first so that he can look forward to the more interesting tasks. He also schedules a coffee break to treat himself after the tasks are complete. Martin exemplifies which strategy of self-leadership?

A) natural reward
B) cognitive dissonance
C) behavior focused
D) constructive thought pattern

Question 54

Which of the following statements defines "empowering leadership"?

A) It is the practice of delegating power that motivates employees and inspires them to achieve goals.
B) It distributes influence among organizational leaders to achieve organizational goals.
C) It uses behavior-focused and natural reward strategies to achieve organizational goals.
D) It is a process whereby people intentionally influence their thinking and behavior to achieve their objectives.

Question 55

Servant leaders place an emphasis on ______ rather than on the leader.

A) organizations and teams
B) profits and revenues
C) the homeless and the hungry
D) employees and community

Question 56

Which of the following statements is true regarding follower-centered leadership perspectives?

A) First impressions can quickly prejudice our views of others and create negativity within groups.
B) Motivational process are very important to understanding implicit followership and leadership theories.
C) Communication methods have the largest impact on followership and leadership impressions.
D) First impressions matter very little as others impressions of us can easily be influenced over time.

Question 57

______ distributes influence among groups and individuals to achieve organizational or team goals.

A) Transactional leadership
B) Empowering leadership
C) Transformational leadership
D) Shared leadership

Question 58

What is the main difference between transformational leaders and charismatic leaders?

A) Charismatic leaders have idealized and inspirational motivations.
B) Transformational leaders may place more emphasis on their own needs and interests.
C) Transformational leaders fully delegate responsibility to others.
D) Charismatic leaders may place more emphasis on their own needs and interests.

Question 59

Which contemporary leadership perspective is associated with the risk that the leader will become caught up in their own hype and get convinced of their own infallibility?

A) charismatic
B) transactional
C) transformational
D) leader-member exchange

Question 60

What contemporary leadership perspective represents the direct opposition to transformational leadership?

A) laissez-faire leadership
B) visionary leadership
C) superleadership
D) charismatic leadership

Question 61

When women do embrace more autocratic styles, they are often perceived ______.

A) as acting a role rather than as sincere
B) the same as a man displaying similar characteristics
C) more positively than a man displaying similar characteristics
D) more negatively than a man displaying similar characteristics

Question 62

Christopher, the president of Fruit Fresh Direct, noticed that the majority of managers were men. This scenario seems to address which issue described in the textbook?

A) gender inequality
B) time achievement
C) improvement of organization success
D) personality advancement

Question 63

Which of the following statements is true regarding gender and career demands?

A) The burden of balancing domestic responsibilities with work typically falls to men.
B) The burden of balancing domestic responsibilities with work typically falls to women.
C) Women receive more challenging tasks because of assumed domestic responsibilities.
D) Because women are assumed to be multitaskers, they receive more promotions than men.

Question 64

Bernie and Co's employees know that their leader, Elizabeth, rewards behavior that upholds organizational values and ethical behavior more so than the bottom line. Elizabeth is fair and honest, and she practices what she preaches. Elizabeth is an example of what leadership style?

A) authentic leadership
B) spiritual leadership
C) servant leadership
D) ethical leadership

Question 65

According to recent estimates, how many CEOs of fortune1000 companies are women?

A) 5
B) 32
C) 50
D) 77

Question 66

According to studies, men tend to follow a ______ leadership style and women follow a ______ leadership style.

A) participative; transformational
B) autocratic; transformational
C) transformational; participative
D) transformational; autocratic

Question 67

When there is conflict at work, Bob always turns the attention of the employees toward the future and talks about forgiveness and the positive things that have been accomplished rather than the negative. His style unites followers and causes them to keep focusing on what will happen good in the future. Bob is an example of what leadership style?

A) authentic leadership
B) spiritual leadership
C) servant leadership
D) ethical leadership

Question 68

Of the six dimensions of the culturally endorsed leadership theory, which one of these is thought to inhibit outstanding leadership?

A) charismatic/value-based
B) team-oriented
C) participative
D) self-protective

Question 69

Of the six dimensions of the culturally endorsed leadership theory, which one of these is thought to impede outstanding leadership?

A) charismatic/value-based
B) team-oriented
C) participative
D) autonomous

Question 70

Of the six dimensions of the culturally endorsed leadership theory, which one of these were found to be a major contributor to outstanding leadership across cultures?

A) charismatic/value-based and team-oriented
B) team-oriented and autonomous
C) participative and self-protective
D) autonomous and charismatic/value-based

Question 71

Of the six dimensions of the culturally endorsed leadership theory, which one of these is the dimension that signifies supportive, considerate compassionate and generous leadership?

A) charismatic/value-based
B) team-oriented
C) humane-oriented
D) autonomous

Question 72

______ concluded that individuals from different cultures or societal clusters associate certain sets of beliefs or preconceived notions with leaders.

A) Project Excellence
B) Project GLOBE
C) Project Leadership
D) Project International

Question 73

______ is the process of leading across different cultures.

A) Multicultural leadership
B) Cross-cultural leadership
C) Ethnic leadership
D) GLOBE leadership

Question 74

With enough online resources to access most corners of the world, almost anybody can be a leader, with or without formal authority, given the right skills and a strong initiative.

Question 75

Which of the following statements represents something leaders should do to address gender inequality?

A) measure the number of hours worked rather than the quality of work
B) send employees, especially women and lower-level employees, to diversity training
C) make active efforts to recruit and promote women to leadership positions
D) Only allow women to use family-friendly benefits.

Question 76

Which of the following statements is true regarding LBGT in the workplace?

A) In the United States, it is illegal in most states to fire employees if they are LBGT.
B) Most Americans support laws that allow companies to fire LBGT employees.
C) In the United States, it is legal in most states to fire employees if they are LBGT.
D) Fewer than 10% of LBGT employees report harassment and discrimination at work.

Question 77

What should be altered to change stereotypes in the workplace?

A) emotional regulation
B) attitudes and perceptual distortions
C) leadership styles
D) behavioral intentions

Question 78

Hana was just promoted to a new division outside of her country. She is nervous about leading people outside of her norm. What theory should Hana use to help assess how she should communicate and lead in this new country?

A) diversity culture
B) international endorsed
C) super leadership endorsed
D) culturally endorsed leadership

Question 79

The key findings of the GLOBE project are collectively referred to as the ______ theory.

A) diversity culture
B) international endorsed
C) super leadership endorsed
D) culturally endorsed leadership

Question 80

Of the six dimensions of the culturally endorsed leadership theory, which one of these focuses on the leaders' capacity to inspire and motivate others?

A) charismatic/value-based
B) team-oriented
C) participative
D) autonomous