Deck 15: Organizational Change and Structure

Question 1

Outside influences for change in organizations, such as competitors' actions and customers' changing preferences are called ______.

A) external forces
B) interior pressures
C) internal forces
D) exterior pressures

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which component below is an external force for change discussed in the textbook?

A) organizational restructuring
B) management changes
C) customers changing preferences
D) intrapreneurship

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Negative feedback from customers that has the potential to reach countless others online can immediately influence sales, and it can also enhance or damage the organization's reputation in the long term. This relates to which force for change?

A) management changes
B) customers demographic characteristics
C) social and political pressures
D) customer and market changes

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which stage of Lewin's basic change model is one in which people begin to make peace with their doubts and uncertainties and embrace the new direction of the company?

A) transforming
B) refreezing
C) reconstructing
D) unfreezing

Question 5

Major restaurant chain Chipotle has eliminated the use of genetically modified ingredients (GMOs); whole foods has committed to labeling any products containing GMOs by 2018, and Walmart is expanding its range of organic foods that are also free of GMOs. These are all examples of reactions to which force for change?

A) management changes
B) customers demographic characteristics
C) social and political pressures
D) technological advancements

Question 6

Which one of Lewin's basic change model stages is the most difficult and stressful part of the change process?

A) transforming
B) refreezing
C) reconstructing
D) unfreezing

Question 7

What are the stages of DADA syndrome?

A) denial, anger, depression, and acceptance
B) denial, acceptance, depression, and anger
C) depression, anger, denial, and acceptance
D) depression, acceptance, denial, and anger

Question 8

Which of the following is true according to Lewin's force field analysis?

A) Restraining forces have to be stronger than driving forces for change to work.
B) Driving forces have to be stronger than restraining forces for change to work.
C) Driving forces and restraining forces must be equal for chain to work.
D) Driving forces are always stronger than restraining forces during change initiatives.

Question 9

Amy is in charge of facilitating the change process for her company. She realizes that the first thing she needs to do is to explain the rationale for the change, break down the status quo, and challenge existing beliefs to understand how to start on a new path. She also knows that this will be the most difficult and stressful part of the change process, because challenging deeply held beliefs about the way things are done can provoke strong reactions from people. Amy is involved in which stage of Lewin's basic change model?

A) transforming
B) refreezing
C) reconstructing
D) unfreezing

Question 10

Which one of Lewin's basic change model stages is where managers promote a sense of stability and consistency by creating reward systems, tracking behaviors, and setting up continuous training to further enhance skills?

A) transforming
B) refreezing
C) reconstructing
D) unfreezing

Question 11

Many organizations now use social networks to market their products, build awareness of their brands, and connect more fully with their consumers because of which external force for change?

A) customers demographic characteristics
B) market changes
C) social and political pressures
D) technological advancements

Question 12

When employees have to change the way that they do work due to changes in reporting relationships and the organizational hierarchy, then they are responding to which force for change?

A) organizational restructuring
B) management changes
C) customers changing preferences
D) intrapreneurship

Question 13

Which DADA syndrome stage is characterized by experiencing low emotional states and lack of motivation?

A) depression
B) anger
C) aggravation
D) acceptance

Question 14

Which force for change is defined as encouraging employees to come up with new ideas and new ways of doing things?

A) organizational restructuring
B) management changes
C) customers changing preferences
D) intrapreneurship

Question 15

Tailored marketing to appeal to interracial or same sex couples is a way for organizations to adapt to which force for change?

A) management changes
B) demographic characteristics
C) intrapreneurship pressures
D) technological advancements

Question 16

Which stage of Lewin's basic change model is characterized by employees appearing to have embraced the change and where managers reinforce the new approach and help people internalize the changes?

A) transforming
B) refreezing
C) reconstructing
D) unfreezing

Question 17

Which component below is an internal force for change discussed in the textbook?

A) social and political pressures
B) organizational restructuring
C) technological advancements
D) customers demographic characteristics

Question 18

Looking at Lewin's basic change model, ______ requires explaining the rationale for change, breaking down the status quo, challenging existing beliefs, and understanding how starting on a new path is essential for the company's survival.

A) transforming
B) refreezing
C) reconstructing
D) unfreezing

Question 19

Which one of Lewin's basic change model stages is where managers need to give employees time to adjust to change and ensure they are communicating with them consistently and effectively and reinforcing their vision for change?

A) transforming
B) refreezing
C) reconstructing
D) unfreezing

Question 20

Which model of planned change explains how to initiate, manage, and stabilize the change process?

A) the DADA syndrome
B) organizational intervention
C) Kotter's forces for change
D) Lewin's basic change model

Question 21

Libby is in charge of implementing the new calendar system for her school. The school decided to move from a 5-day to a 7-day rotation schedule. She knew that the new schedule change would be hard for people to accept at first. She decided to clearly explain to employees the problem with the old schedule and the benefits to this new schedule. Libby planned to use which method to reduce resistance to change?

A) education and communication
B) coercion
C) manipulation
D) consultation

Question 22

Division of labor is also known as ______.

A) work specialization
B) chain of command
C) span of control
D) departmentalization

Question 23

Richard's company was recently purchased by a big conglomerate. Everyone in the office was on board with this news except for Abigail. Richard told Abigail that if she did not agree to the new merger then he was going to demote her once the process was over. Richard has used which form of reducing resistance to change?

A) negotiation
B) participation
C) coercion
D) manipulation

Question 24

Which approach to addressing resistance to change is most commonly used in a crisis when leaders need everyone on board with the changes and right away?

A) negotiation
B) participation
C) coercion
D) manipulation

Question 25

______ is defined as people's unwillingness to accept or support modifications in the workplace.

A) Innovation inertia
B) Intrapreneurship
C) Resistance to change
D) Demographic force

Question 26

A manufacturing plant may be divided into production, sales and marketing, accounting, and human resources with very little crossover between the departments. This is an example of which concept below?

A) departmentalization
B) span of control
C) bureaucracy
D) chain of command

Question 27

Many organizations are moving away from ______ because too much of it can lead to bored employees with narrow skill sets.

A) departmentalization
B) span of control
C) chain of command
D) specialization

Question 28

Which resistance to change approach could be expensive, especially if others to seek the same treatment?

A) negotiation
B) participation
C) education and communication
D) manipulation

Question 29

______ is defined as the framework of work roles and functions that help shape and support employee behavior.

A) Organizational structure
B) Organizational change
C) Organizational strategy
D) Organizational culture

Question 30

Which of the following is an example of an individual source of resistance to change?

A) limited focus of change
B) threat to expertise
C) fear of the unknown
D) decisions that disrupt traditions

Question 31

Dweeby Manufacturing has noticed a steady decline in product sales this last quarter. Their marketing traditionally focused on appealing to women, but an increasing number of men are now doing the household shopping and chores. In response, they are shifting their marketing campaign. Dweeby Manufacturing is adapting to which organizational force for change?

A) management changes
B) demographic characteristics
C) social and political pressures
D) technological advancements

Question 32

Which approach to addressing resistance to change can be described as involving employees in the change?

A) coercion
B) participation
C) education and communication
D) manipulation

Question 33

______ is the degree to which jobs are divided into specific tasks.

A) Departmentalization
B) Span of control
C) Division of labor
D) Chain of command

Question 34

Which source of resistance to change arises when only a small number of departments apply the change rather than the whole organization?

A) structural inertia
B) group inertia
C) limited focus of change
D) threat to expertise

Question 35

______ is defined as a process of grouping people with related job duties, skills, and experiences into the same area within the overall organizational structure.

A) Work specialization
B) Formalization
C) Span of control
D) Departmentalization

Question 36

Using which approach to addressing resistance to change would a manager offer an improved compensation package or other incentives in exchange for agreeing to implement the changes?

A) negotiation
B) participation
C) education and communication
D) coercion

Question 37

Which source of resistance to change means that even if individuals agree with the change, they may be constrained by group norms?

A) structural inertia
B) group inertia
C) limited focus of change
D) threat to expertise

Question 38

Employee Dave Myers discovered that one of W. L. Gore products used for push-pull cables could be used to coat guitar strings for more comfortable strumming. W. L. Gore launched the guitar strings under the brand ELIXIR Strings, and they have become the forerunner in the acoustic guitar string market. This exemplifies which organizational force for change?

A) organizational restructuring
B) management changes
C) customers changing preferences
D) intrapreneurship

Question 39

Which source of resistance to change makes an organization slow to change after having followed the same rules and procedures for many years?

A) structural inertia
B) group inertia
C) limited focus of change
D) threat to expertise

Question 40

The advantages of ______ may include increased efficiency and more accurate production as single workers become more skilled in the one particular task that is assigned.

A) departmentalization
B) increased span of control
C) formalization
D) specialization

Question 41

Which type of organizational structure works well for smaller organizations, where employees are managed by means of clear levels of authority, but with a risk of lack of communication between the different departments because of their tendency to work separately from each other?

A) divisional
B) simple
C) matrix
D) functional

Question 42

______ is the number of direct reports assigned to a given manager.

A) Work specialization
B) Chain of command
C) Span of control
D) Departmentalization

Question 43

Laura is the CEO of her company. There are about 25 people in her company as a whole. She manages a team consisting of departments called sales and marketing, accounting, technology, human resources, and administration. Even though her company is relatively small, she has to be careful of the lack of communication between the departments because of their tendency to work apart from each other. Laura works in which type of organizational structure?

A) divisional
B) simple
C) matrix
D) functional

Question 44

Jill has been promoted from assistant manager to manager of Willie's Oyster House. She had responsibility for 10 staff members, but she now has responsibility for 50 staff members, which means her ______ has increased.

A) esteem power
B) formalization
C) span of control
D) centralization

Question 45

With a ______ organizational structure groups that are performing similar tasks may be at risk of duplicating their work and they may also compete for shared resources?

A) divisional
B) simple
C) matrix
D) functional

Question 46

The ______ is a formalized structure based on centralization and departmentalization.

A) organic model
B) span of control
C) bureaucracy structure
D) mechanistic model

Question 47

At GG's Gourmet, employees of lower levels are given the power to make decisions and solve problems without having to seek approval from management. This is an example of what type of organizational structure?

A) decentralized
B) centralized
C) customer-focused
D) leader-focused

Question 48

Nathan is the CEO of an organization that is located all over the United States. Because there are different needs across the United States, he has grouped his employees in regions: East Coast, Central, and West Coast. He realizes that he is duplicating a few tasks within the organization, such as accounting and human resources, but it is the best structure for him at this time. Nathan is using which type of organizational structure?

A) divisional
B) dimple
C) matrix
D) functional

Question 49

______ is the degree to which rules and procedures are standardized in an organization.

A) Work specialization
B) Formalization
C) Bureaucracy
D) Departmentalization

Question 50

Which of the following is a characteristic associated with the organic model of organizational structure?

A) the presence of cross-functional teams
B) departmentalization
C) little communication between upper and lower managers
D) employees tend to work separately

Question 51

In order to get approval for travel, employees must get their travel authorization signed by a manager before the travel authorization is sent to the finance office for approval. This is an example of what component of organizational structure?

A) departmentalization
B) span of control
C) chain of command
D) specialization

Question 52

Alex has a small business of physical trainers. He has one location with three trainers and a front desk receptionist. He makes all the decisions on his own regarding his company. What type of organizational structure does Alex work in?

A) divisional
B) simple
C) matrix
D) functional

Question 53

Which type of organizational structure has drawbacks, including the reality that the business owner may become overloaded with work or may be reluctant to delegate when necessary, which could slow down the progress of the organization?

A) divisional
B) simple
C) matrix
D) functional

Question 54

Which type of organizational structure can be described as having the benefit of no layers of management, which allows decisions to be made and implemented quickly?

A) Divisional
B) Simple
C) Matrix
D) Functional

Question 55

Which type of organizational structure is more common in small organizations where there is one central authority figure, usually a business owner, who tends to make the decisions?

A) divisional
B) simple
C) matrix
D) functional

Question 56

Which type of organizational structure groups employees according to the tasks they perform for the organization, such as marketing, finance, and human resources?

A) divisional
B) simple
C) matrix
D) functional

Question 57

Which of the following is an advantage of a wide span of control?

A) Managers have better control of employees.
B) Managers are less likely to be overloaded with work.
C) fewer opportunities for collaboration
D) higher employee morale due to increased responsibility

Question 58

______ is an organizational style characterized by formalized rules and regulation, specialized routine tasks, division of labor, and centralized authority.

A) Work specialization
B) Formalization
C) Span of control
D) Bureaucracy

Question 59

Which type of organizational structure groups employees by products and services, by geographic regions, or by customers?

A) divisional
B) simple
C) matrix
D) functional

Question 60

Which concept below is defined as a flow of authority and power from the highest to the lowest levels of the organization?

A) work specialization
B) chain of command
C) span of control
D) departmentalization

Question 61

Volvo ended its mechanistic approach--where people worked separately on a production line, specializing in one task--by creating a new design in which a group of highly skilled employees worked together to assemble the cars using a collection of parts. As a result, people no longer felt like they were "machines" and became more motivated, productive, and effective. This is an example of which organizational development intervention?

A) sociotechnical system design
B) task-technology
C) quality of worklife
D) people-focused

Question 62

Grace is the CEO of an organization with its managers reporting to both a geographical manager and a product division manager. Staffers report to a functional manager who can help with skills and help prioritize and review work, and to a product line manager who sets direction on product offerings by the company. Grace is part of which type of organizational structure?

A) divisional
B) simple
C) matrix
D) functional

Question 63

Technological advancement is an external force for change.

Question 64

Sixty to seventy percent of all organizational change projects are successful.

Question 65

The concept of the ______ was established to improve the relationship between people and machines to increase organizational effectiveness and efficiency.

A) quality of worklife
B) task-technology system
C) sociotechnical system
D) process consultation

Question 66

Which type of organizational structure combines both functional and divisional departmentalization, with dual lines of authority?

A) divisional
B) simple
C) matrix
D) functional

Question 67

Lewin's force field analysis model states that the drivers for change must be stronger than the restraining forces in order for the change to work.

Question 68

In a mechanistic model, decision-making is participative and distributed throughout the organization.

Question 69

Coercion is the most common approach to addressing resistance to change.

Question 70

______ is a type of organizational development intervention, which attempts to increase groups' awareness or understanding of their behaviors in the workplace.

A) Intergroup development
B) Sensitivity training
C) Quality of worklife
D) Process consultation

Question 71

Which type of organizational structure can be explained by each president of a region having managers for accounting, marketing, and human resources reporting to him or her?

A) divisional
B) simple
C) matrix
D) functional

Question 72

Which type of organizational development intervention alters the relationship between the employees and the workplace?

A) quality of work life
B) structural
C) sociotechnical system design
D) task-technology

Question 73

Which type of organizational development intervention focuses on job design, tasks, and division of labor?

A) quality of worklife interventions
B) structural interventions
C) sociotechnical system design interventions
D) task-technology interventions

Question 74

An organization's structure affects how successfully it can coordinate and accomplish its work activities.

Question 75

Due to a tragedy in Sofia's life, she has become a single parent. However, she is lucky because her company offers telecommuting and backup childcare centers close by to support parents working from home. Sofia works for a company that has likely participated in which type of organizational development intervention?

A) sociotechnical system design
B) task-technology
C) people-focused
D) quality of worklife

Question 76

Which type of organizational development intervention focuses on improving employee satisfaction in relationship to pay, compensation, job security, responsibilities, performance, work-life balance, health, and career opportunities?

A) sociotechnical system design
B) task-technology
C) quality of worklife
D) people-focused

Question 77

Intrapreneurship is an external force for change.

Question 78

The structure of an organization has very little impact on the behavior of employees.

Question 79

Andri is involved in a group of workers who exhibit prejudices to the frontline employees. His company has developed a group to role play and discusses the differences between these two groups. While in the group, they are invited to share their perspectives. They are then shown productive ways to alleviate tensions without causing conflict. Andri's company is engaging in which type of organizational development intervention?

A) task-technology
B) people-focused
C) sociotechnical system design
D) quality of worklife

Question 80

______ is a type of program designed to raise awareness of group dynamics and any existing prejudices towards others.

A) Intergroup development
B) Sensitivity training
C) Quality of worklife
D) Process consultation