Deck 4: Global Cultural Environment and Buying Behavior

Question 1

In global marketing, cultural forces shape the company's ______________ mix.

A)visibility
B)growth
C)management
D)marketing
E)fashion

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Selling different sizes of soft drinks in foreign cultures is an example of which component of culture?

A)material life
B)social interaction
C)language
D)values
E)education

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Asking the question "Does the consumer have physical and/or economic access to the product/service?" is an indication of which stage of consumption processes (as influenced by culture)?

A)buying behavior.
B)consumption characteristics.
C)disposal.
D)access.
E)acceleration.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A culture can be defined by national borders (especially when the country is isolated by natural barriers).An example of a culture existing inside a natural barrier would be:

A)the United States.
B)Canada.
C)Mexico.
D)Korea.
E)Germany.

Question 5

All of the following are unique features of culture except:

A)it is learned.
B)it is inherited genetically.
C)elements are interrelated with one another.
D)it is shared.
E)it is compelling.

Question 6

____________________ primarily refers to the technologies that are used to produce, distribute, and consume goods and services within society.

A)Material life
B)Political party affiliation
C)Language
D)Values
E)Education

Question 7

From a global marketing perspective, the cultural environment matters for two main reasons.First, cultural forces are a major factor in shaping a company's global marketing mix program.The second reason is:

A)cultural analysis is expensive.
B)cultural analysis often pinpoints market opportunities.
C)cultural analysis is difficult.
D)accurate cultural analysis is next to impossible.
E)cultural analysis is required by many host governments.

Question 8

Within a given culture, consumption processes can be described via a sequence of stages.All of the following describe those stages except:

A)access.
B)buying behavior.
C)racial characteristics
D)consumption characteristics.
E)disposal.

Question 9

Since China has around 300 million children, they are often treated as:

A)little emperors and empresses.
B)super children.
C)smart children.
D)a tax burden.
E)food liability.

Question 10

Asking the question "How is the decision to buy made by the consumers in the foreign market?" is an indication of which stage of consumption processes (as influenced by culture)?

A)buying behavior.
B)consumption characteristics.
C)disposal.
D)access.
E)acceleration.

Question 11

In marketing, buyer behavior and consumer needs are largely driven by _______________________.

A)health norms
B)economic norms
C)political norms
D)cultural norms
E)social norms

Question 12

In many countries outside the United States, refrigerators have _____ capacity.

A)far more
B)more
C)about the same
D)less
E)far less

Question 13

Below is a list of elements from culture that matter to international marketers.Pick the item that is likely to matter the least in doing business with a foreign culture.

A)material life.
B)political party affiliation.
C)language.
D)religion.
E)education.

Question 14

Children in China impact consumption patterns because of all but which:

A)spending power.
B)special nature of one child families.
C)pester power.
D)change agents.
E)inherited wealth.

Question 15

From a global marketing perspective, the cultural environment matters.The most important reason is that cultural forces are major factors in shaping a company's global:

A)sales territories.
B)vision.
C)competitive response.
D)marketing mix strategy.
E)global ethics program.

Question 16

Companies that ignore cultural needs often:

A)lose permission to export.
B)lose permission to import.
C)have more lawsuits.
D)lose more salespeople.
E)lose a competitive edge.

Question 17

Several Japanese diaper makers were able to steal market share away from Proctor & Gamble by selling diapers that were much ______________ than the ones marketed by P&G, thereby better meeting the desires of Japanese mothers (Japanese homes have less space than most Europeans or American houses).

A)colorful
B)expensive
C)bulkier
D)thinner
E)rougher

Question 18

One reason Chinese parents treat their children as little "emperors and empresses" is that:

A)they have no choice since it is mandated by Chinese law.
B)China has had a one child per couple (without penalties) birth control policy.
C)advertising has influenced parents.
D)children are cared for by grandparents.
E)China pays parents to have children.

Question 19

From the consumption point of view, ____________ homes have less space than most Europeans or American houses.

A)Japanese
B)Turkish
C)Australians
D)Indonesian
E)Pakistani

Question 20

According to the text, culture is:

A)learned, interrelated and shared.
B)learned, interrelated and mixed.
C)learned, interrelated and empty.
D)learned, interrelated and passive.
E)learned, interrelated and static.

Question 21

In numerous Asian countries, the ancient ____________ philosophy feng shui (wind-water) plays an important role in the design and placement of corporate buildings and retail space.

A)Chinese
B)Japanese
C)Indonesian
D)Singaporean
E)Indian

Question 22

Probably the most critical expression of social interactions is the concept of:

A)silent language.
B)gestures.
C)kinship.
D)reference groups.
E)cultural homogeneity.

Question 23

The consumer research literature identifies three kinds of reference groups: membership groups, anticipatory groups, and

A)local groups.
B)global groups.
C)legal groups.
D)dissociative groups.
E)technology groups.

Question 24

In which country are KDF Christmas party barrels a holiday tradition?

A)United States
B)Russia
C)Japan
D)Norway
E)Iran

Question 25

A ______ group is the set of people to whom an individual looks for guidance in values and attitudes.

A)family
B)reference
C)friends
D)work
E)anticipatory

Question 26

__________________ drive(s) the holiday calendar in many countries.

A)Culture
B)Religion
C)Government tax assessors
D)Reference groups
E)Family units

Question 27

_______________________ refers to the complex of nonverbal communication mechanisms that people use to get a message across.

A)Spoken language
B)Slang language
C)Silent language
D)Harmonious language
E)Electronic language

Question 28

This candy bar became a good luck charm for Japanese students.

A)100 Grand
B)Three Musketeers
C)5^th Avenue
D)Kit Kat
E)Baby Ruth

Question 29

_______________ refers to the ideas and perceptions that a culture upholds in terms of beauty and good taste.

A)Aesthetics
B)Cybernetics
C)Techno-graphics
D)Poly-graphics
E)Geographics

Question 30

Poor transportation and distribution infrastructure in many developing countries would be examples of:

A)investment requirements.
B)technology gaps tied to material life.
C)governmental corruption that must be dealt with.
D)government ineptitude.
E)different value systems.

Question 31

As a communication medium, language has two components: spoken language and _________________ language.

A)business
B)commercial
C)slang
D)silent
E)electronic

Question 32

Anticipatory groups are those groups that:

A)require dues.
B)exclude people.
C)are exclusive.
D)people belong to.
E)people would like to be a part of.

Question 33

The role of women in society is sometimes largely driven by local _____________.

A)religion
B)politics
C)government
D)environment
E)geography

Question 34

Other forms of _____ relate to attitudes and preferences toward music, food, physical beauty, and fashion.

A)Aesthetics
B)Cybernetics
C)Techno-graphics
D)Poly-graphics
E)Geographics

Question 35

In Islam, these animals are considered unclean.

A)Pigs
B)Cows
C)Cows and pigs
D)Pigs and cats
E)Pigs and dogs

Question 36

Edward Hall identified five distinctive arenas of silent language: space, material possessions, friendship patterns, time, and

A)travel.
B)technology.
C)computers.
D)vacations.
E)agreements.

Question 37

All of the following would be issues to consider when marketing in an Islamic framework except:

A)not mixing men and women in focus groups.
B)cultural sensitivity in advertising
C)halal guidelines for cosmetics
D)exchange rates
E)do not manufacture products made from pigs.

Question 38

In which country did an ad agency have a hard time placing an ad for a razor?

A)United States
B)Russia
C)Japan
D)Norway
E)Iran

Question 39

According to the text, religions embrace three elements:

A)lifestyle, a standardized organization, and moral rules of good behavior.
B)travel, a standardized organization, and moral rules of good behavior.
C)discussion, a standardized organization, and moral rules of good behavior.
D)explanation, a standardized organization, and moral rules of good behavior.
E)interaction, a standardized organization, and moral rules of good behavior.

Question 40

A technique such as ________________________ is used to sort out the differences when translating a company's documents into other languages.

A)common translation
B)forward translation
C)back translation
D)value translation
E)abstract translation

Question 41

______________ systems tend to be deeply rooted and are found to be intrinsic to a person's identity and inner self.

A)Family
B)School
C)College
D)Personality
E)Value

Question 42

Most cultural traits tend to be what?

A)National
B)Regional
C)Local
D)Language-based
E)Religion-based

Question 43

With respect to Hofstede's cultural classification scheme, ______________ refers to the degree of inequality which people of a country view acceptable.

A)power distance
B)uncertainty avoidance
C)individualism
D)masculinity
E)long-termism

Question 44

In the field of advertising, campaigns that were developed with a high-context culture in mind are likely to be less effective when used in ______________ cultures, and vice versa.

A)high-context
B)low-context
C)medium-context
D)dry-context
E)hot-context

Question 45

The anthropologist Edward Hall makes a distinction between so-called _____________.

A)high-context and bright-context cultures
B)high-context and low-profile cultures
C)high-context and dry-context cultures
D)high-context and low-context cultures
E)high-context and medium-context cultures

Question 46

Local attitudes toward foreign cultures will drive the product ______________.

A)positioning and human resources decisions
B)positioning and logistics decisions
C)positioning and travel decisions
D)positioning and profit decisions
E)positioning and design decisions

Question 47

In terms of culture, the Walloons in French-speaking _______________have much more in common with the French than with the Flemish of Northern ____________.

A)Germany
B)Switzerland
C)Italy
D)Belgium
E)Luxembourg

Question 48

____________________ shape(s) people's norms and standards.In addition, people's attitudes towards objects and behavioral codes are also influenced.

A)Value systems
B)Cultural philosophy
C)Reference groups
D)Family extension
E)Government involvement

Question 49

One powerful indicator of the education level is a country's _____ rate.

A)high school graduation
B)college graduation
C)birth
D)death
E)illiteracy

Question 50

Geert Hofstede's cultural classification scheme was based on a large-scale research project conducted among employees at more than 60 ________________ subsidiaries worldwide.

A)IBM
B)Hewlett Packard
C)Dell Computer
D)Motorola
E)Texas Instruments

Question 51

An example of a high power distance country would be:

A)Germany
B)Britain
C)United States
D)Canada
E)Mexico

Question 52

___________________ discusses a highly cultural classification scheme in the book Cultures and Organizations.

A)Gary Hamel
B)Peter Drucker
C)Michael Porter
D)Geert Hofstede
E)Charles Handy

Question 53

Which of the following is not one of Hofstede's cultural classification dimensions?

A)power distance
B)uncertainty avoidance
C)individualism
D)romanticism
E)masculinity

Question 54

Research indicates that there is a greater preference for luxury goods in __________ cultures than in other forms.

A)feminine
B)low context
C)intellectual
D)masculine
E)high context

Question 55

____________ is a high-context culture.

A)China
B)United States
C)Germany
D)Ireland
E)Italy

Question 56

Two facets of education matter to international marketers.They are the __________ of education.

A)cost and location
B)level and quality
C)cost and quantity
D)cost and availability
E)level and cost

Question 57

For marketers, a crucial value distinction is a culture's attitude toward _____.

A)money
B)advertising
C)new ideas
D)change
E)western values

Question 58

"What is meant is what is said" would be an example of what form of culture?

A)agrarian
B)low context
C)intellectual
D)high context
E)northern European

Question 59

An example of a low power distance country would be:

A)Israel
B)Malaysia
C)Venezuela
D)Arab countries
E)Mexico

Question 60

_______________ classifications allow the marketing manager to see how much overlap is possible between the marketing programs to be implemented in different markets.

A)Business
B)Cultural
C)Political
D)Government
E)Natural

Question 61

A term "SRC" which was coined by J.A.Lee (cultural anthropologist) stands for:

A)strategic-reference criterion.
B)standard-reference criterion.
C)simple-reference criterion.
D)self-reference criterion.
E)none of the above.

Question 62

Because of its affluence, the United States is a typical example of a high-context culture.

Question 63

Most nations do not contain different subgroups (subcultures) within their borders.

Question 64

Low-context cultures do not put the most emphasis on the written or spoken word.

Question 65

Within a given culture, consumption processes can be described via a sequence of four stages: access, buying behavior, consumption characteristics, and planning.

Question 66

With respect to Hofstede's cultural classification scheme, ______________ refers to the extent to which individuals see themselves as interdependent and part of a larger group or society.

A)power distance
B)uncertainty avoidance
C)individualism
D)collectivism
E)long-termism

Question 67

With respect to Hofstede's cultural classification scheme, cultures where people favor values such as assertiveness, status, success, competitive drive within society, and achievement are more ______________.

A)feminine
B)masculine
C)collectivist
D)individualist
E)none of the above

Question 68

In collectivist societies, the interests of the ____________ take center stage.

A)individual
B)company
C)group
D)businessman
E)city

Question 69

Silent language refers to the thoughts that humans have within their minds.

Question 70

An example of a short-term focus country (with respect to long-termism) would be:

A)Hong Kong.
B)United States
C)China.
D)Thailand.
E)Japan.

Question 71

Guanxi is:

A)a large city in southern China
B)a fiery pork dish
C)a nice saying like "gesundheit"
D)a network of interpersonal ties among people or companies
E)a golf country club in Shanghai

Question 72

_______________________ refers to people's unconscious tendency to resort to their own cultural experience and value systems to interpret a given business situation.

A)Cultural morals
B)Cultural ethics
C)Self-Reference Criterion (SRC)
D)Monocultural
E)Global culture

Question 73

________________ is a global study of sociocultural changes conducted by a network of social scientists at leading universities worldwide.

A)Western Values Syndicate (WVS)
B)Western Values Solution (WVS)
C)Western Values Survey (WVS)
D)World Variations Survey (WVS)
E)World Value Survey (WVS)

Question 74

With respect to Hofstede's cultural classification scheme, cultures where people favor values such as solidarity, preserving the environment, and quality of life are more ______________.

A)feminine
B)masculine
C)collectivist
D)individualist
E)none of the above

Question 75

The two facets of education that matter the most to the business planner are the level and the quality of education.

Question 76

With respect to Hofstede's cultural classification scheme, ______________ describes the degree to which people's image is defined in terms of "me" versus "we."

A)power distance
B)uncertainty avoidance
C)individualism
D)masculinity
E)long-termism

Question 77

With respect to Hofstede's cultural classification scheme, ______________ refers to the extent to which people in a given culture prefer structured situations with clear rules over unstructured ones.

A)power distance
B)uncertainty avoidance
C)individualism
D)masculinity
E)long-termism

Question 78

Cultures may be found within national borders.

Question 79

Probably the most crucial expression of social interactions is the concept of kinship.

Question 80

An example of a high uncertainty avoidance country would be:

A)Germany.
B)Britain.
C)United States.
D)Canada.
E)Japan.