Deck 2: The Study of Learning and Behavior

ملء الشاشة (f)
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سؤال
Using an ABA reversal design is rather like using a ______.

A) dust mop
B) fountain pen
C) light switch
D) barber's chair
استخدم زر المسافة أو
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لقلب البطاقة.
سؤال
The kind of study that is most likely to involve a large number of subjects is one with a ________.

A) between-subjects design
B) within-subject design
C) ABA design
D) matched sample
سؤال
The figure below shows the results of an experiment comparing the effects of two teaching methods. Phyllis was taught by method A; Gertrude was taught by method B. This study is an example of _______. <strong>The figure below shows the results of an experiment comparing the effects of two teaching methods. Phyllis was taught by method A; Gertrude was taught by method B. This study is an example of _______.  </strong> A) a between-subjects design B) a within-subject design C) random assignment D) yoked control <div style=padding-top: 35px>

A) a between-subjects design
B) a within-subject design
C) random assignment
D) yoked control
سؤال
Harry teaches an advanced painting class. His goal is to teach students to paint more creatively. Harry will probably measure learning as a change in response _________.

A) topography
B) intensity
C) speed
D) rate
سؤال
The figure below shows the results of an experiment on the effects of heat on aggressive social behavior. Each rat experienced three temperatures. There was a sharp increase in the rate of aggressive behavior in all rats when the temperature went above 90. This study is best described as ________. <strong>The figure below shows the results of an experiment on the effects of heat on aggressive social behavior. Each rat experienced three temperatures. There was a sharp increase in the rate of aggressive behavior in all rats when the temperature went above 90. This study is best described as ________.  </strong> A) a between-subjects experiment B) a within-subject experiment C) a case study D) anecdotal evidence <div style=padding-top: 35px>

A) a between-subjects experiment
B) a within-subject experiment
C) a case study
D) anecdotal evidence
سؤال
In a cumulative record, learning is indicated by a change in response _______.

A) topography
B) amplitude
C) speed
D) rate
سؤال
In group-design experiments, researchers often use _________ to reduce differences among participants.

A) clones
B) statistics
C) DNA matching
D) matched sampling
سؤال
A person who says, "Everyone knows that...." is referring to _______.

A) anecdotal evidence
B) case study evidence
C) descriptive research evidence
D) experimental research evidence
سؤال
The figure below shows learning as a change in __________.
<strong>The figure below shows learning as a change in __________.  </strong> A) intensity B) frequency C) topography D) speed <div style=padding-top: 35px>

A) intensity
B) frequency
C) topography
D) speed
سؤال
A teacher who looks for an increase in the number of correct performances per minute is using _______ as a measure of learning.

A) topography
B) speed
C) rate
D) fluency
سؤال
In within-subject experiments, each subject's performance is compared with his or her performance during a ______.

A) control period
B) random sampling period
C) baseline period
D) benchmark session
سؤال
The figure below shows learning as a change in ___________. <strong>The figure below shows learning as a change in ___________.  </strong> A) intensity B) frequency C) topography D) redundancy <div style=padding-top: 35px>

A) intensity
B) frequency
C) topography
D) redundancy
سؤال
The kind of experiment that is most likely to require statistical analysis is a(n) _______.

A) between-subjects experiment
B) within-subject experiment
C) ABA experiment
D) descriptive study
سؤال
Marjorie drives a school bus. Sometimes the kids get rather noisy. She decides to play music the kids like through speakers on the bus, but whenever the kids get too noisy she turns the music off. When they quiet down, she turns the music back on. In this way, she hopes to get the kids to make less noise. Marjorie is probably going to measure learning as a change in response _________.

A) topography
B) intensity
C) speed
D) rate
سؤال
Any variable that is allowed to vary freely is a(n) __________ variable.

A) autonomous
B) dependent
C) independent
D) synchronous
سؤال
Experiments done in natural settings are called _______.

A) natural experiments
B) spontaneous experiments
C) unplanned experiments
D) field experiments
سؤال
The person who suggested that to learn how nature works, we must "sit down before fact as a little child," and "be prepared to give up every preconceived notion" was ______.

A) Charles Darwin
B) T. H. Huxley
C) E. L. Thorndike
D) John B. Watson
سؤال
Any variable an experimenter manipulates is a(n) ________ variable.

A) autonomous
B) dependent
C) independent
D) synchronous
سؤال
In the cumulative record below, the rate of behavior is ________. <strong>In the cumulative record below, the rate of behavior is ________.  </strong> A) increasing B) decreasing C) stable D) fluctuating wildly <div style=padding-top: 35px>

A) increasing
B) decreasing
C) stable
D) fluctuating wildly
سؤال
The first person to use a single-subject reversal design was probably ____________.

A) Aardvark
B) Darwin
C) Galen
D) Malthus
سؤال
One highly readable little book on research methods mentioned in your text is called _________.

A) The Idiot's Guide to Behavioral Research
B) Research Made Simple
C) Psychological Research: An Introduction
D) Random Designs
سؤال
Experimental research on behavior is often said to be artificial. To compensate for this problem, researchers do ________ .

A) field experiments
B) open-ended research
C) follow-up studies
D) free sampling research
سؤال
Research results with humans usually parallel those with animals.
Completion
سؤال
A flat cumulative record indicates that the behavior is ________.
سؤال
One problem with computer simulations as a substitute for animal research is that ___________.

A) they are terribly expensive
B) they take years to develop
C) "bugs" in the software distort the findings
D) no one knows what behavior to program until the research has been done
سؤال
Discuss the various ways of measuring learning.
سؤال
Explain how a cumulative recorder works.
سؤال
A cumulative record shows the total number of responses that have occurred in a given period of time as well as the rate at which they occurred.
سؤال
B. F. Skinner was the first person to record data cumulatively.
سؤال
Your text describes four basic sources of evidence: anecdotal, case study, descriptive study, experimental study. The least reliable of these is ______.
سؤال
Explain the difference between within-subject and between-subjects experiments.
سؤال
An_____________ is something an organism tries to escape or avoid.

A) adenoid
B) adhesive
C) adversive
D) aversive
سؤال
A computer simulation that is useful for teaching certain principles of learning is called _________.

A) MacAnimal
B) Animal Trainer
C) Sniffy the Virtual Rat
D) Howard the Holographic Hog
سؤال
Response _______ refers to the time that passes before a response occurs.
سؤال
Speed and rate are different terms for the same measure of learning.
سؤال
A change in the form that behavior takes is called a change in ________.
سؤال
Balster suggests that inhumane treatment of research animals is __________.

A) not good PR
B) expensive, in the long run
C) bad science
D) likely to result in litigation
سؤال
Explain why random assignment of subjects is unnecessary in ABA experiments.
سؤال
One thing researchers can control better with animal subjects than with human subjects is _________.
سؤال
The natural science approach assumes that things are caused only by natural events.
سؤال
Discuss the ethics of using animals for research on learning.
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ملء الشاشة (f)
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Deck 2: The Study of Learning and Behavior
1
Using an ABA reversal design is rather like using a ______.

A) dust mop
B) fountain pen
C) light switch
D) barber's chair
C
2
The kind of study that is most likely to involve a large number of subjects is one with a ________.

A) between-subjects design
B) within-subject design
C) ABA design
D) matched sample
A
3
The figure below shows the results of an experiment comparing the effects of two teaching methods. Phyllis was taught by method A; Gertrude was taught by method B. This study is an example of _______. <strong>The figure below shows the results of an experiment comparing the effects of two teaching methods. Phyllis was taught by method A; Gertrude was taught by method B. This study is an example of _______.  </strong> A) a between-subjects design B) a within-subject design C) random assignment D) yoked control

A) a between-subjects design
B) a within-subject design
C) random assignment
D) yoked control
A
4
Harry teaches an advanced painting class. His goal is to teach students to paint more creatively. Harry will probably measure learning as a change in response _________.

A) topography
B) intensity
C) speed
D) rate
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افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
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k this deck
5
The figure below shows the results of an experiment on the effects of heat on aggressive social behavior. Each rat experienced three temperatures. There was a sharp increase in the rate of aggressive behavior in all rats when the temperature went above 90. This study is best described as ________. <strong>The figure below shows the results of an experiment on the effects of heat on aggressive social behavior. Each rat experienced three temperatures. There was a sharp increase in the rate of aggressive behavior in all rats when the temperature went above 90. This study is best described as ________.  </strong> A) a between-subjects experiment B) a within-subject experiment C) a case study D) anecdotal evidence

A) a between-subjects experiment
B) a within-subject experiment
C) a case study
D) anecdotal evidence
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6
In a cumulative record, learning is indicated by a change in response _______.

A) topography
B) amplitude
C) speed
D) rate
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
7
In group-design experiments, researchers often use _________ to reduce differences among participants.

A) clones
B) statistics
C) DNA matching
D) matched sampling
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
8
A person who says, "Everyone knows that...." is referring to _______.

A) anecdotal evidence
B) case study evidence
C) descriptive research evidence
D) experimental research evidence
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
9
The figure below shows learning as a change in __________.
<strong>The figure below shows learning as a change in __________.  </strong> A) intensity B) frequency C) topography D) speed

A) intensity
B) frequency
C) topography
D) speed
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
10
A teacher who looks for an increase in the number of correct performances per minute is using _______ as a measure of learning.

A) topography
B) speed
C) rate
D) fluency
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
11
In within-subject experiments, each subject's performance is compared with his or her performance during a ______.

A) control period
B) random sampling period
C) baseline period
D) benchmark session
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
12
The figure below shows learning as a change in ___________. <strong>The figure below shows learning as a change in ___________.  </strong> A) intensity B) frequency C) topography D) redundancy

A) intensity
B) frequency
C) topography
D) redundancy
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
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k this deck
13
The kind of experiment that is most likely to require statistical analysis is a(n) _______.

A) between-subjects experiment
B) within-subject experiment
C) ABA experiment
D) descriptive study
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
14
Marjorie drives a school bus. Sometimes the kids get rather noisy. She decides to play music the kids like through speakers on the bus, but whenever the kids get too noisy she turns the music off. When they quiet down, she turns the music back on. In this way, she hopes to get the kids to make less noise. Marjorie is probably going to measure learning as a change in response _________.

A) topography
B) intensity
C) speed
D) rate
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
15
Any variable that is allowed to vary freely is a(n) __________ variable.

A) autonomous
B) dependent
C) independent
D) synchronous
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
16
Experiments done in natural settings are called _______.

A) natural experiments
B) spontaneous experiments
C) unplanned experiments
D) field experiments
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
17
The person who suggested that to learn how nature works, we must "sit down before fact as a little child," and "be prepared to give up every preconceived notion" was ______.

A) Charles Darwin
B) T. H. Huxley
C) E. L. Thorndike
D) John B. Watson
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
18
Any variable an experimenter manipulates is a(n) ________ variable.

A) autonomous
B) dependent
C) independent
D) synchronous
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
19
In the cumulative record below, the rate of behavior is ________. <strong>In the cumulative record below, the rate of behavior is ________.  </strong> A) increasing B) decreasing C) stable D) fluctuating wildly

A) increasing
B) decreasing
C) stable
D) fluctuating wildly
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
20
The first person to use a single-subject reversal design was probably ____________.

A) Aardvark
B) Darwin
C) Galen
D) Malthus
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
21
One highly readable little book on research methods mentioned in your text is called _________.

A) The Idiot's Guide to Behavioral Research
B) Research Made Simple
C) Psychological Research: An Introduction
D) Random Designs
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
22
Experimental research on behavior is often said to be artificial. To compensate for this problem, researchers do ________ .

A) field experiments
B) open-ended research
C) follow-up studies
D) free sampling research
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
23
Research results with humans usually parallel those with animals.
Completion
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افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
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24
A flat cumulative record indicates that the behavior is ________.
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فتح الحزمة
k this deck
25
One problem with computer simulations as a substitute for animal research is that ___________.

A) they are terribly expensive
B) they take years to develop
C) "bugs" in the software distort the findings
D) no one knows what behavior to program until the research has been done
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
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k this deck
26
Discuss the various ways of measuring learning.
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27
Explain how a cumulative recorder works.
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28
A cumulative record shows the total number of responses that have occurred in a given period of time as well as the rate at which they occurred.
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افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
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29
B. F. Skinner was the first person to record data cumulatively.
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30
Your text describes four basic sources of evidence: anecdotal, case study, descriptive study, experimental study. The least reliable of these is ______.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
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31
Explain the difference between within-subject and between-subjects experiments.
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32
An_____________ is something an organism tries to escape or avoid.

A) adenoid
B) adhesive
C) adversive
D) aversive
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
33
A computer simulation that is useful for teaching certain principles of learning is called _________.

A) MacAnimal
B) Animal Trainer
C) Sniffy the Virtual Rat
D) Howard the Holographic Hog
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
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34
Response _______ refers to the time that passes before a response occurs.
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35
Speed and rate are different terms for the same measure of learning.
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افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
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36
A change in the form that behavior takes is called a change in ________.
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37
Balster suggests that inhumane treatment of research animals is __________.

A) not good PR
B) expensive, in the long run
C) bad science
D) likely to result in litigation
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 41 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
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38
Explain why random assignment of subjects is unnecessary in ABA experiments.
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39
One thing researchers can control better with animal subjects than with human subjects is _________.
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40
The natural science approach assumes that things are caused only by natural events.
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41
Discuss the ethics of using animals for research on learning.
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