Question 1

Which of the following is a potential effect of reproductive compensation?&#10;A) Increased female/male ratio&#10;B) Increased worldwide population&#10;C) Increased frequency of a genetic disorder&#10;D) Decreased frequency of a genetic disorder&#10;E) Increased family size in affected families

Accepted Answer

Reproductive compensation can lead to an increased frequency of a genetic disorder as families may have more children to compensate for those affected by the disorder, potentially passing on the genetic trait more frequently.

Question 2

Which of the following was carried out under laws supporting the eugenics movement?&#10;A) Forced marriages of &#34;genetically superior&#34; couples&#10;B) Abandonment of disabled children to orphanages&#10;C) Involuntary sterilization of institutionalized individuals&#10;D) A and B&#10;E) B and C

Accepted Answer

Involuntary sterilization of institutionalized individuals was a practice carried out under laws supporting the eugenics movement, aiming to prevent those deemed "unfit" from reproducing.

Question 3

The idea of improving the human species through selective breeding was known as which of the following?&#10;A) The genetics movement&#10;B) The supergenic family movement&#10;C) The eugenics movement&#10;D) The fittest family movement&#10;E) The Mendelian movement

Accepted Answer

The eugenics movement was aimed at improving the genetic quality of the human population through selective breeding.

Question 4

When individuals conceal their increased risk for a disease from insurance companies, this is known as:&#10;A) Negative selection&#10;B) Adverse selection&#10;C) Positive skewing&#10;D) Risk enhancement&#10;E) Risk skewing

Accepted Answer

Adverse selection occurs when one party in a transaction has more information than the other, particularly in insurance, where individuals with a higher risk of loss are more likely to purchase insurance, but may not disclose this risk to the insurer.

Question 5

HIPAA regulations specify that which of the following cannot be excluded from health insurance coverage as a preexisting condition?&#10;A) A genetic disorder&#10;B) A genetic susceptibility to a disorder in an asymptomatic individual&#10;C) A Mendelian disorder&#10;D) Huntington disease&#10;E) A genetic disorder that manifests in childhood

Accepted Answer

HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) regulations specify that genetic information, in the absence of a current diagnosis, cannot be considered a preexisting condition. This means that a genetic susceptibility to a disorder in an individual who is asymptomatic cannot be used to exclude, limit, or set higher premiums for health insurance coverage.

Question 6

In what situation would genetic testing for an adult-onset disorder be appropriate in a child?&#10;A) When the disorder is fatal&#10;B) When the parents are trying to decide whether to have another child&#10;C) When there is a clear medical benefit available for the child&#10;D) When the disorder has a fairly early onset&#10;E) Any of the above

Accepted Answer

Genetic testing for an adult-onset disorder in a child is considered appropriate when there is a clear medical benefit available for the child. This means that the information obtained from the test can be used to prevent or significantly alter the course of the disease in a way that benefits the child's health.

Question 7

In the practice of genetics, the duty to warn at-risk relatives can be in conflict with which federal regulation?&#10;A) Federal privacy act&#10;B) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)&#10;C) Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations&#10;D) Fair Credit Reporting Act&#10;E) The Gramm-Leach-Bliley (GLB) Act

Accepted Answer

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is a federal regulation that protects the privacy of individuals' health information. In genetics, there can be a conflict between the duty to warn at-risk relatives about genetic conditions and the HIPAA regulations that protect patient privacy.

Question 8

Which of the following is most likely to have a dysgenic effect?&#10;A) Medical treatment of an autosomal dominant disorder&#10;B) Medical treatment of an autosomal recessive disorder&#10;C) Medical treatment of a complex genetic disorder&#10;D) Prenatal diagnosis of a genetic trait&#10;E) Selective termination of affected pregnancies

Accepted Answer

Medical treatment of an autosomal dominant disorder is most likely to have a dysgenic effect because it allows individuals with a genetic disorder that is easily passed on to offspring (due to its dominant inheritance pattern) to survive and reproduce, potentially increasing the frequency of the disorder in the population.

Deck 19: Ethical and Social Issues in Genetics and Genomics