Deck 8: Water and Minerals

Question 1

Pica resulting from an iron deficiency makes children less susceptible to lead poisoning.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Studies have demonstrated that people who smoke heavily have denser bones than those of non-smokers.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The mineral silicon is known to be involved in bone calcification in animals.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Which symptom is very often the first indication that a person has osteoporosis?

A)numbness of the toes
B)a feeling of tenderness in the hips
C)lower back problems
D)a broken hip or wrist

Question 5

Which part of the body stores over half the body's magnesium?

A)bones
B)kidneys
C)liver
D)teeth

Question 6

Sodium is the positive ion in the compound sodium chloride and makes up 20 percent of the compound's weight.

Question 7

Which of the following food sources' content is 90 to 94 percent water?

A)carrot
B)popcorn
C)white sugar
D)broccoli

Question 8

Zinc supplements can reach toxic doses, but zinc found in foods is nontoxic.

Question 9

Which mineral stabilizes bones and makes teeth resistant to decay?

A)fluoride
B)cadmium
C)chloride
D)mercury

Question 10

After about 25 years of age, regardless of calcium intake, bones begin to lose density.

Question 11

Which mineral is the most abundant in the body?

A)sodium
B)phosphorus
C)iron
D)calcium

Question 12

Which mineral deficiency is responsible for a condition known as goitre?

A)iodine
B)selenium
C)fluoride
D)zinc

Question 13

Which mineral deficiency would be suspected with the presence of chronic tiredness, difficulty concentrating, and a desire to chew ice.

A)potassium deficiency
B)iron deficiency
C)magnesium deficiency
D)zinc deficiency

Question 14

Which of the following threats to the body is caused by severe dehydration?

A)low blood pressure
B)fainting
C)seizures
D)kidney stones

Question 15

Sedentary inertia occurs when too little exercise over weeks and months causes body exhaustion.

Question 16

The body needs only a very small quantity of iodine.

Question 17

In less than one day, a lack of water alters the body's chemistry and metabolism.

Question 18

A deficiency of this mineral is a very common and preventable cause of mental retardation?

A)zinc
B)iron
C)iodine
D)fluoride

Question 19

If a processed food is low in sodium, it is usually high in which other mineral?

A)potassium
B)fluoride
C)magnesium
D)iron

Question 20

Anyone who eats a meal high in salt can temporarily increase the body's water content.

Question 21

Which mineral ion plays a special role as a part of stomach acid?

A)iodine
B)zinc
C)chloride
D)potassium

Question 22

Which mineral is found in high concentrations in hard water?

A)sodium
B)magnesium
C)cadmium
D)potassium

Question 23

In addition to the brain, which organ regulates water excretion?

A)heart
B)liver
C)kidneys
D)lungs

Question 24

Which trace mineral helps form hemoglobin and collagen?

A)selenium
B)fluoride
C)copper
D)chromium

Question 25

Which food would you advise a person to remove from his or her diet in an effort to reduce dietary sodium intake?

A)white rice
B)cooked pasta
C)watermelon
D)instant pudding

Question 26

Which group of minerals is considered electrolytes?

A)chloride, fluoride, and sodium
B)magnesium, potassium, and fluoride
C)sodium, chloride, and potassium
D)iron, calcium, and magnesium

Question 27

Which of the following is the principal food source of chloride?

A)cabbage
B)beef
C)salt
D)rice

Question 28

The high salt intakes of many Asian peoples have been suggested to be a possible cause for elevated rates for what health problem?

A)gallbladder disease
B)stomach cancer
C)celiac disease
D)diabetes

Question 29

Which mineral is the chief ion used to maintain the volume of fluid outside cells?

A)potassium
B)sodium
C)calcium
D)chloride

Question 30

What iron-containing compound carries and stores oxygen in the muscles?

A)immunoglobulin
B)ferritin
C)myoglobin
D)hemoglobin

Question 31

Which of the following foods is the best source of phosphorus?

A)vegetable protein
B)animal protein
C)fibre in fruit
D)gluten in grain products

Question 32

What is the daily Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for fluoride for people eight years of age and over?

A)2.5 milligrams
B)5.0 milligrams
C)7.5 milligrams
D)10.0 milligrams

Question 33

Which of the following individuals has an increased need for fluid?

A)a mother that is breastfeeding daily
B)an adult that abstains from alcohol
C)an individual with a lower fibre diet
D)a young adult that limits dietary sugar intake

Question 34

What is the most common cause of osteoporosis?

A)lack of estrogen in postmenopausal women
B)lack of exercise during peak bone growth
C)increased bone formation in the elderly
D)too much caffeine consumption

Question 35

One of the chief functions of chromium is participation in the metabolism of which of the following nutrients?

A)lipids
B)carbohydrates
C)vitamins
D)proteins

Question 36

Which term refers to the condition in which an individual has both inadequate or impaired red blood cells?

A)anemia
B)iron-deficiency anemia
C)iron deficiency
D)anemic deficiency

Question 37

What is the most common cause of iron overload?

A)excessive use of iron supplements
B)a genetic predisposition
C)excessive use of iron cookware
D)an injury to the GI tract

Question 38

Which food grouping provides the best sources of calcium?

A)cream cheese, butter, and cream
B)milk, cheese, and yogurt
C)spinach, rhubarb, and broccoli
D)cottage cheese and frozen yogurt desserts

Question 39

Which mineral assists in the operation of more than 300 enzymes, is needed for the release and use of energy from the energy-yielding nutrients, and directly affects the metabolism of potassium, calcium, and vitamin D?

A)magnesium
B)sodium
C)chlorine
D)phosphorus

Question 40

What part of the body plays the major role in monitoring the concentration of water in the blood?

A)liver
B)hypothalamus
C)spleen
D)kidneys

Question 41

Besides bananas, which of the following foods provides an excellent source of potassium?

A)spinach
B)tuna
C)cheese
D)oatmeal

Question 42

Which of the following individuals would be most at risk for developing osteoporosis?

A)an overweight teenage boy
B)a woman who gave birth to one child
C)a thin, sedentary older woman
D)an elderly Caucasian man

Question 43

Water assists in which of the following body functions?

A)providing energy for the body
B)storing fat as adipose tissue
C)temperature regulation
D)acid-base regulation

Question 44

What is the recommended Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for calcium for adults 19 to 50 years of age?

A)600 mg
B)800 mg
C)1,000 mg
D)1,200 mg

Question 45

Which mineral deficiency can cause damage to the liver?

A)cobalt
B)boron
C)silicon
D)nickel

Question 46

Which of the following groups of people would most likely absorb the largest amount of calcium?

A)pregnant women
B)the elderly
C)infants
D)adults

Question 47

Which food item reduces iron absorption from food?

A)black tea
B)lemon
C)tuna
D)chicken breast

Question 48

Which element plays a major role in maintaining fluid balance, electrolyte balance, and cell integrity, and is critical to maintaining the heartbeat?

A)sodium
B)chlorine
C)magnesium
D)potassium

Question 49

Which mineral must be available for thyroxine to be synthesized?

A)zinc
B)fluoride
C)iron
D)iodine

Question 50

According to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) recommendations, which one of the following groups should consume 8 mg of iron per day?

A)children under one year of age
B)pregnant women
C)women 19-50 years of age
D)men of any age

Question 51

Which of the following foods provides the smallest amount of available zinc?

A)milk
B)meats
C)poultry
D)legumes

Question 52

What can be done to achieve peak bone mass for the prevention of osteoporosis?

A)Select plant-based milk alternatives.
B)Consume a high calcium diet during growing years.
C)Take a daily vitamin D supplement after age 40.
D)Drink 4 cups of milk daily once 65 years and older.

Question 53

When selecting bottled water in Canada, what mineral content is most desirable?

A)water that is rich in calcium and magnesium and low in sodium
B)water that is rich in potassium and magnesium and high in sodium
C)water that is rich in iron and calcium and high in potassium
D)water that is rich in iron and fluoride and low in potassium

Question 54

Which mineral interferes with copper absorption and can cause deficiency?

A)potassium
B)fluoride
C)zinc
D)sodium

Question 55

At what age does cortical bone loss begin?

A)25 years
B)30 years
C)35 years
D)40 years

Question 56

How many litres of water and fluid beverages should a man consume each day, under moderate environmental conditions and given a normal diet?

A)1.5 litres
B)2.7 litres
C)3.7 litres
D)4.0 litres

Question 57

Skin, hair, and nails contain some of the body's more rigid proteins that have high levels of which mineral?

A)fluoride
B)sulphate
C)iodine
D)manganese

Question 58

Elevated blood levels of which amino acid have been linked with osteoporosis?

A)homocysteine
B)lysine
C)valine
D)glutamine

Question 59

How quickly can it take to notice water weight changes in the body?

A)hours
B)days
C)weeks
D)months

Question 60

Which mineral, if injected into a vein, can stop the heart?

A)potassium
B)magnesium
C)chromium
D)selenium

Question 61

What is the name of the mineral that assists a group of enzymes along with vitamin E to prevent the formation of free radicals and prevent oxidative harm to cells and tissues?

A)iodine
B)selenium
C)cobalt
D)phosphorus

Question 62

Which food can enhance nonheme iron absorption?

A)herbal tea
B)strawberries
C)yogurt
D)decaffeinated coffee

Question 63

Which of the following foods provides the highest amount of zinc?

A)shellfish
B)unleavened bread
C)fresh spinach
D)oranges

Question 64

Which term refers to the essential mineral nutrients that are found in the body in amounts of less than five grams?

A)major minerals
B)minor minerals
C)small minerals
D)trace minerals

Question 65

Which word best describes the fluoride content of bottled water?

A)moderate
B)unpredictable
C)high
D)low

Question 66

Chromium works closely with which of the following body components?

A)collagen
B)hemoglobin
C)insulin
D)enzymes

Question 67

A slight manganese overload may aggravate a deficiency of which mineral?

A)iron
B)selenium
C)fluoride
D)zinc

Question 68

What is a sign of iron toxicity?

A)hypochromic anemia
B)weight gain
C)abdominal pains
D)feeling energetic

Question 69

What is the most reliable source of dietary fluoride?

A)public drinking water
B)dark green vegetables
C)meats and whole grain cereals
D)milk and milk products

Question 70

Which mineral deficiency may cause a child to experience growth retardation and a poor appetite?

A)zinc
B)chromium
C)magnesium
D)iron

Question 71

Which mineral is the principal positively charged ion inside body cells?

A)sodium
B)potassium
C)calcium
D)magnesium

Question 72

What is a major cause of iron deficiency in Canadian women of childbearing age?

A)hereditary defect
B)parasitic infections of the stomach
C)malnutrition
D)blood loss

Question 73

Which statement best describes fluorosis?

A)It is a reversible condition.
B)It causes discoloration of fingernails.
C)It occurs after teeth are formed.
D)It results when water contains too much fluoride.

Question 74

Approximately how many litres of fluid can an athlete lose per hour of training and sweating in the heat?

A)1/2 litre
B)1 litre
C)1 1/2 litres
D)2 litres

Question 75

Which of the following medications blocks damage to the thyroid gland during nuclear radiation, and in doing so helps prevent thyroid cancer?

A)potassium iodide
B)thyroxin iodide
C)magnesium iodide
D)phosphorous iodide

Question 76

Where is most of the phosphorus found in the body?

A)in the stomach and bones
B)in the spine and elbows
C)in the liver and kidneys
D)in the bones and teeth

Question 77

Which term refers to a possible symptom of iron deficiency characterized by the consumption of nonfood substances?

A)piedra
B)Peches syndrome
C)Piters syndrome
D)pica

Question 78

Which term best describes the role of caffeine on the body when it increases urine output?

A)anti-depressant
B)solvent
C)stimulant
D)diuretic

Question 79

Which of the following factors affects a person's absorption of calcium?

A)gender
B)thyroid hormone levels
C)time of day
D)vitamin D status

Question 80

Approximately how many milligrams of sodium per day do Canadian men 19 to 30 years of age consume on average?

A)1,000 milligrams
B)2,3500 milligrams
C)3,400 milligrams
D)4,200 milligrams