Deck 9: Energy Balance and Healthy Body Weight

Question 1

On average, in a woman of normal weight, fat makes up at least what percentage of her total body weight?

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In the early stage of food deprivation, which nutrient can be used to meet the energy requirements of the nervous system?

A)calcium
B)iron
C)fat
D)protein

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Half a kilogram (1 pound) of body fat is equal to how many Calories?

A)2,500 Calories
B)3,000 Calories
C)3,500 Calories
D)4,000 Calories

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Physical activity must be long and arduous to achieve fat loss.

Question 5

Which of the following concerns accompanies the female athlete triad?

A)osteomalacia
B)excess supplement abuse
C)amenorrhea
D)purging with laxatives and vomiting

Question 6

A body mass index (BMI) of 32.0 indicates which of the following health risk categories?

A)normal weight
B)overweight
C)high risk
D)very high risk

Question 7

Lean tissue is less metabolically active than fat tissue.

Question 8

Diet histories completed by individuals commonly overreport intakes of high-Calorie foods.

Question 9

Bulimia nervosa is more prevalent than anorexia nervosa and is more common in women than men.

Question 10

Waist circumference indicates visceral fatness, and above a certain girth, disease risks rise even when body mass index (BMI) values are normal.

Question 11

Which energy nutrient is the most satiating?

A)protein
B)simple carbohydrates
C)fatty acids
D)starchy carbohydrates

Question 12

Exercise can spot reduce fat from any one particular area of the body.

Question 13

What causes the 0.5-1.0-kilogram weight loss associated with herbal laxatives containing senna, aloe, rhubarb root, and castor oil?

A)loss of fat
B)loss of protein
C)loss of carbohydrate
D)loss of water

Question 14

Lifestyle choices can override genetic influence on the prevalence of obesity for some individuals.

Question 15

Taller people need proportionately more energy than shorter people to balance their energy budgets.

Question 16

Which measurement evaluates a person's health risks associated with being underweight or overweight?

A)fatfold test
B)body mass index (BMI)
C)dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
D)bioelectrical impedance

Question 17

In 2017, approximately 27 percent of Canadians were obese.

Question 18

Which of the following ideals suggests a diet may be an unsound weight-loss scheme?

A)encourages at least 130 grams of carbohydrate consumption daily
B)recommends a daily intake of about 30% of Calories from fat
C)supports a diet plan of approximately 1,000 Calories for an average-size person
D)outlines the risks associated with adhering to the weight-loss program

Question 19

Genetic makeup greatly influences how efficiently the body uses up or stores energy.

Question 20

Which body tissue produces the hormone leptin?

A)epithelial
B)adipose
C)connective
D)muscle

Question 21

Why is the body mass index (BMI) inappropriate to use as a health risk indicator for athletes?

A)Muscle weight likely results in an elevated scale weight.
B)Overhydration probably creates an elevated scale weight.
C)Ultra-abdominal fat storage contributes to the elevated scale weight.
D)Bone density causes the elevated scale weight.

Question 22

Which stomach hormone, along with a contracting stomach and an empty small intestine, triggers hunger?

A)ghrelin
B)grenlin
C)gastrin
D)leptin

Question 23

Which term refers to the eating disorder that is characterized by refusing to maintain a minimally normal body weight and having a disturbed perception of body weight and shape?

A)female athlete triad
B)anorexia nervosa
C)disordered eating
D)pica

Question 24

Which pharmaceutical treatment for obesity anesthetizes the tongue, reducing taste sensation?

A)phenylpropanolamine
B)benzocaine
C)ephedrine
D)bitter orange extract

Question 25

What is the cause of death for many people with anorexia nervosa?

A)heart failure
B)malnutrition
C)severe anemia
D)dehydration

Question 26

What is the method used to assess body fat that is also used in the evaluation of osteoporosis?

A)underwater weighing
B)air displacement
C)dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
D)bioelectrical impedance

Question 27

The fatfold test uses which of the following tools to assess body fat levels?

A)X-ray energy
B)a measuring tape
C)a weight scale
D)calipers

Question 28

Which of the following factors raises a person's basal metabolic rate?

A)older age
B)starvation
C)malnutrition
D)fever

Question 29

Which hormone is directly linked with both appetite and body fatness?

A)epinephrine
B)insulin
C)leptin
D)ghrelin

Question 30

Human infants have an abundant amount of which fat?

A)white fat
B)cellulite
C)brown fat
D)adipocytes

Question 31

What is the quick and easy estimate of energy needs for an 80-kilogram (180-pound) man?

A)1,640 Calories
B)1,800 Calories
C)1,920 Calories
D)2,050 Calories

Question 32

When coupled with obesity, which of the following is an indicator of an urgent need for weight loss?

A)sedentary lifestyle
B)low LDL cholesterol
C)sleep apnea
D)an age of 45 years or older in women

Question 33

In addition to glucose, which nutrient suppresses appetite immediately after a workout?

A)lipids
B)vitamin C
C)protein
D)calcium

Question 34

Which metabolic obesity theory supports the notion that the body tends to maintain a certain weight by means of its own internal controls?

A)enzyme theory
B)set-point theory
C)fat-cell theory
D)thermogenesis theory

Question 35

Which term refers to the theory that suggests actions can be controlled by manipulating the environmental factors that trigger food consumption?

A)physical shift
B)behaviour modification
C)pattern adjustment
D)habit substitution

Question 36

Anorexia nervosa is most prevalent among which of the following groups?

A)adolescent boys
B)young women
C)adult men
D)elderly women

Question 37

Which value tells a person how many Calories they need in a day?

A)estimated energy requirement (EER)
B)body mass index (BMI)
C)thermic effect of food (TEF)
D)basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Question 38

What is the minimum body mass index (BMI) level signifying extreme obesity in an adult without coexisting disease?

A)30.0
B)32.0
C)40.0
D)44.0

Question 39

In addition to the stomach and small intestine, which body component signals satiation?

A)gallbladder
B)large intestine
C)hypothalamus
D)esophagus

Question 40

According to a recent study, a healthy body weight was associated with intake from low-fat sources of which nutrient?

A)calcium
B)protein
C)carbohydrate
D)magnesium

Question 41

What percentage of Canadians tried to lose weight in 2017?

A)25
B)42
C)78
D)91

Question 42

Which eating disorder has been reported to most readily respond to treatment?

A)pica
B)bulimia
C)anorexia
D)binge eating disorder

Question 43

During awake hours, how many hours pass after eating before one becomes hungry again?

A)1-2 hours
B)2-3 hours
C)3-5 hours
D)4-6 hours

Question 44

If a father is obese, what is the estimated chance of his child becoming obese?

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%

Question 45

You have just finished your evening meal; however, an apple pie has just come out of the oven. What is the name for the pleasure molecules that create an appetite for a piece of this pie?

A)endorphins
B)melatonin
C)serotonin
D)epinephrine

Question 46

Which of the following groups is prone to develop the "apple" profile of central obesity?

A)men of any age
B)women in their early reproductive years
C)women who are premenopausal
D)boys in their later teenage years

Question 47

Those who have the most success with weight maintenance following weight loss display which of the following attributes?

A)high self-efficacy
B)limited social support systems
C)ability to eat large food portions at a leisurely pace
D)variation of food intake on weekdays and weekends

Question 48

An individual who tends to eat after seeing a wide array of freshly baked treats despite not being hungry is responding to which cause of overeating?

A)external cues
B)enzyme stimulation
C)internal stimuli
D)comfort cues

Question 49

A body mass index (BMI) of 25.0 to 29.9 in an adult indicates which of the following body weight classifications?

A)underweight
B)normal weight
C)overweight
D)obesity

Question 50

Mary used to have a waist circumference of 75 centimetres, but her waist circumference is now 97 centimetres. Based on this information, which of the following conclusions would you come to?

A)She has a large amount of subcutaneous fat.
B)She is at an increased risk for wasting diseases.
C)She is likely to be very active.
D)She develops fat centrally.

Question 51

Which process allows a healthy person, starting with average body fat, to live totally deprived of food for as long as six to eight weeks?

A)metabolism
B)acidosis
C)thermogenesis
D)ketosis

Question 52

Which of the following best describes energy-dense foods?

A)foods high in water and fibre
B)foods high in fat or low in water
C)foods low in fibre and sodium
D)foods low protein or high in fibre

Question 53

In which area of the body does excess fat represent a greater risk to health than excess fat elsewhere on the body?

A)abdominal area
B)chest
C)hips
D)shoulders

Question 54

Which strategy would help a lean person gain weight?

A)smoking cigarettes
B)eating frequently
C)avoiding physical activity
D)consuming water before meals

Question 55

Which activity expends the most calories?

A)aerobic dancing
B)running at 18km/hr
C)cycling at 40km/hr
D)vigorous rowing

Question 56

Which behaviour do many adolescent girls reportedly adopt to control their body weight?

A)limiting alcohol consumption
B)eating high-sodium foods
C)smoking cigarettes
D)consuming dairy products

Question 57

Increased risk of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and hypertension is associated with what waist circumference cut-off for men?

A)88 cm (35 inches)
B)97 cm (38 inches)
C)102 cm (40 inches)
D)107 cm (42 inches)

Question 58

Which treatment is best to consider for people with bulimia?

A)allowing for a few skipped meals each week
B)limiting raw vegetables and fruits at meals
C)including physical activity on most days
D)following a restrictive diet plan

Question 59

What food choice would you advise for someone who is trying to gain weight?

A)pickles
B)whole-wheat bread
C)applesauce
D)peanut butter

Question 60

Which medication category is used by bulimics to induce vomiting?

A)anticoagulants
B)diuretics
C)emetics
D)cathartics

Question 61

During any given day, when do people generally weigh the least?

A)after urinating
B)before going to bed
C)before eating breakfast
D)after exercising

Question 62

Which term refers to the repeated rounds of weight loss and subsequent regain, with reduced ability to lose weight after each cycle?

A)weight psychology
B)weight loss management
C)weight cycling
D)weight behaviourism

Question 63

Which characteristic is specific to people experiencing bulimia?

A)eating excessive amounts of high-protein foods without realizing
B)consuming at least 2,000 Calories at each binge
C)experiencing high self-esteem and a lower socio-economic status
D)believing that weight and shape are central to self-concept

Question 64

Describe the female athlete triad.

Question 65

Which term refers to fat that accumulates around the intra-abdominal organs?

A)mid-body fat
B)central fat
C)subcutaneous fat
D)visceral fat

Question 66

How does physical activity help to control appetite?

Question 67

Identify three groups of people who are more prone to develop central obesity. Why is fat that collects in the central abdominal area of the body especially dangerous?

Question 68

Which condition is associated with being even moderately overweight, if excess weight is body fat?

A)fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies
B)hypertension
C)osteoporosis
D)macular degeneration

Question 69

Which symptom is key for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa?

A)weight loss
B)amenorrhea
C)distorted body image
D)fear of gaining weight

Question 70

What is a reasonable initial goal that should be considered when embarking upon successful weight loss and maintenance for an individual?

A)preventing further weight gain
B)keeping track of fat intake
C)selecting energy-dense food choices
D)establishing a weight-loss goal of 2.27 kg a week

Question 71

Body mass index (BMI) is inappropriate to use with which of the following individuals?

A)a 21-year-old university student
B)a 28-year-old pregnant woman
C)a 30-year-old vegetarian
D)a 52-year-old man with diabetes

Question 72

Which term best describes the type of fat that is stored directly under the skin?

A)cellulite
B)visceral fat
C)subdermal fat
D)subcutaneous fat

Question 73

Explain binge eating disorder.

Question 74

An expenditure of how many Calories per week via physical activities will assist with weight management?

A)1,000 Calories
B)1,500 Calories
C)2,000 Calories
D)2,500 Calories

Question 75

Which term refers to the change in energy expenditure induced by factors such as changes in ambient temperature and food intake?

A)satiation
B)adaptive thermogenesis
C)thermic effect of food
D)set-point theory

Question 76

Which term refers to foods favoured by people experiencing stress?

A)mood foods
B)comfort foods
C)calming foods
D)trigger foods

Question 77

Which health condition is associated with excess body fat?

A)celiac disease
B)Crohn's disease
C)diverticular disease
D)gallbladder disease

Question 78

What is the name given to the psychological desire to eat?

A)hunger
B)starvation
C)obesity
D)appetite

Question 79

Which action is considered an involuntary activity for the human body?

A)walking
B)breathing
C)digestion
D)sitting

Question 80

Why do women require substantially higher amounts of fat tissue than men?

A)for bone protection
B)to burn more Calories
C)to stay warm
D)for reproduction