Deck 3: the Remarkable Body

Question 1

The stomach's main function is the digestion of what nutrient or nonnutrient?

A)carbohydrate
B)fat
C)fibre
D)protein

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which organ makes most of the body's alcohol-processing machinery?

A)brain
B)stomach
C)pancreas
D)liver

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Cells form tissues that perform specialized tasks. Tissues are grouped together to form whole organs.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Which of the following coordinates the nervous system's role in hunger regulation?

A)liver
B)pancreas
C)spinal cord
D)brain

Question 5

Timing of meals is important because the digestive tract is unable to digest food at certain times.

Question 6

Alcohol needs assistance from digestive juices to ready it for absorption.

Question 7

How does alcohol affect body functions?

A)strengthens the body's defences against infection
B)slows down the synthesis of fatty acids
C)alters amino acid metabolism
D)decreases urine output

Question 8

Which of the following body components determines the nature of the cell's work?

A)genes
B)enzymes
C)red blood cells
D)organs

Question 9

What is the name of the disease in which the body's helper T-cells are attacked and destroyed?

A)cystic fibrosis
B)AIDS
C)muscular dystrophy
D)diabetes

Question 10

The body stores some nutrients in much smaller quantities than other nutrients.

Question 11

Which vitamin is most dramatically affected by excess alcohol in the body?

A)vitamin A
B)folate
C)thiamine
D)vitamin B₆

Question 12

Which medical condition could be suspected for an individual who reports regularly consuming large amounts of alcohol, has inadequate food intake, and shows signs of poor muscle coordination, paralysis of the eye muscles, and damaged nerves?

A)Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
B)osteoporosis
C)heart disease
D)stomach ulcer

Question 13

In cases of severe undernutrition of energy and nutrients, how does the absorptive surface of the small intestine respond?

A)It expands in length.
B)It becomes more efficient at its job.
C)It shrinks in size.
D)It remains unchanged.

Question 14

The body's saliva is strongly acidic.

Question 15

Which term refers to the part of the brain that senses a variety of conditions in the blood, such as glucose content and salt content?

A)cerebrum
B)pituitary gland
C)hypothalamus
D)frontal lobe

Question 16

The body is able to store infinite amounts of which nutrient?

A)fat
B)water
C)protein
D)glycogen

Question 17

Which organ chemically alters absorbed materials to make them better suited for use by other tissues?

A)gallbladder
B)small intestine
C)kidneys
D)liver

Question 18

Body fluids provide tissues with a continuous supply of energy, oxygen, and nutrients, including water.

Question 19

Which of the following fluids moves from the bloodstream into tissue spaces?

A)blood
B)lymph
C)plasma
D)intracellular fluid

Question 20

On average, how often do the cells lining the digestive tract replace themselves?

A)every 3 days
B)every 2 weeks
C)every 4 months
D)every 12 months

Question 21

What will restore sobriety in someone who has been drinking alcohol?

A)drinking coffee
B)eating food
C)walking
D)passing of time

Question 22

Which of the following poses a formidable obstacle to a successful organ transplant?

A)antibodies
B)T-cells
C)B-cells
D)phagocytes

Question 23

Which of the following advice about reducing intestinal gas is most accurate?

A)Rinse canned beans before consuming them.
B)Chew gum between meals.
C)Suck on hard candies after eating a fatty meal.
D)Increase consumption of carbonated beverages.

Question 24

Which compound is released in an effort to neutralize the acidic contents of the stomach before entering the small intestine?

A)bile
B)chyme
C)gastric juice
D)bicarbonate

Question 25

What is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients?

A)mouth
B)small intestine
C)large intestine
D)stomach

Question 26

What is the primary task of the colon during digestion and absorption of food?

A)reabsorption of water
B)neutralizing stomach acid
C)absorption of vitamins
D)breakdown of proteins

Question 27

What is the name for the hormone released by the small intestine and which signals the pancreas to release pancreatic fluid for the digestion process?

A)pepsin
B)proteases
C)secretin
D)cholecystokinin

Question 28

You have just consumed a meal very high in fat. As a result, hormones cause the release of what substance into the small intestine?

A)bile
B)hydrochloric acid
C)mucus
D)bicarbonate

Question 29

Which hormone is released by the pancreas in response to a high concentration of blood sugar (glucose)?

A)insulin
B)ghrelin
C)glucagon
D)epinephrine

Question 30

Which situation is most likely to make a person intoxicated almost immediately when drinking alcoholic beverages?

A)when drinks are mixed with very little water
B)when carbohydrate snacks are consumed at the same time
C)when drinks are consumed quickly
D)when the stomach is empty

Question 31

How long does it take for the liver's glycogen supply to be depleted if it is not replenished by food?

A)1-3 hours
B)3-6 hours
C)6-9 hours
D)9-12 hours

Question 32

Which hormone is thought to be a "hunger hormone"?

A)secretin
B)gastrin
C)ghrelin
D)glucagon

Question 33

Which cells release antibodies into the bloodstream to fight infection?

A)helper T-cells
B)T-cells
C)A-cells
D)B-cells

Question 34

Which term refers to the muscle that is responsible for controlling the release of partly digested food into the small intestine?

A)esophageal sphincter
B)intestinal valve
C)pyloric valve
D)colon valve

Question 35

Which term refers to proteins made by the immune system that combine with and inactivate specific antigens?

A)phagocytes
B)helper T-cells
C)antibodies
D)microbes

Question 36

Human taste buds have an inborn aversion for which of the following food items?

A)pears
B)pudding
C)broccoli
D)fruit juice

Question 37

Which body change occurs as part of the stress response?

A)liver releases glucose from its stores
B)muscles relax
C)digestive system slows down
D)blood pressure decreases

Question 38

Which of the following descriptions best represents cells?

A)speed up chemical reactions
B)building blocks of the body
C)vital components of foods
D)self-contained living entities

Question 39

What function does the pancreas perform?

A)manufactures enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients
B)adds acid and fluid to the large intestine
C)reabsorbs water and minerals
D)conducts bile to the small intestine

Question 40

Which term refers to the burning sensation in the chest area caused by backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus?

A)hernia
B)hiccups
C)ulcer
D)heartburn

Question 41

Which of the following foods do you need to consume in intervals throughout the day because of the liver's storage capacity?

A)fat-containing foods
B)mineral-rich foods
C)vitamin-rich foods
D)carbohydrate-containing foods

Question 42

Match the digestive organs with their appropriate functions.a.manufactures bile to help digest fats
b.releases bicarbonate into the small intestine
c.opens to allow elimination
d.churns, mixes, and grinds food to liquid mass
e.reabsorbs water and minerals
f.stores bile until needed
g.passes food to the stomach
h.makes enzymes to aid in the digestion of carbohydrate, protein, and fat
i.chews and mixes food with saliva
j.stores waste prior to elimination
k.contracts rhythmically to move food content along
gallbladder

Question 43

Along with oxygen, what is one of the cells' most basic needs?

A)alcohol
B)energy
C)proteins
D)fats

Question 44

Match the digestive organs with their appropriate functions.a.manufactures bile to help digest fats
b.releases bicarbonate into the small intestine
c.opens to allow elimination
d.churns, mixes, and grinds food to liquid mass
e.reabsorbs water and minerals
f.stores bile until needed
g.passes food to the stomach
h.makes enzymes to aid in the digestion of carbohydrate, protein, and fat
i.chews and mixes food with saliva
j.stores waste prior to elimination
k.contracts rhythmically to move food content along
stomach

Question 45

What should you do to alleviate heartburn?

A)drink liquids during meals
B)wear tight fitting clothing
C)eat smaller meals
D)lie down after meals

Question 46

In what part of the body does chemical digestion begin?

A)stomach
B)mouth
C)liver
D)small intestine

Question 47

What is the major role of the process known as peristalsis?

A)making chyme
B)pushing food through the digestive tract
C)helping nutrients pass into the lymph system
D)reabsorbing water

Question 48

Which type of cells are unable to reproduce and are lost forever if damaged by injury or disease?

A)red blood cells
B)muscle cells
C)brain cells
D)skin cells

Question 49

Which of the following is considered one alcoholic drink?

A)50 mL (2 oz) shot glass of vodka
B)142 mL (5 oz) glass of wine
C)250 mL (4 oz) can of beer
D)500 mL (8 oz) bottle of wine cooler

Question 50

Why might a person be able to eat when hunger sensation is absent?

A)The stomach intensifies its contractions and creates hunger pangs.
B)The conscious mind of the cortex can override body signals.
C)The digestive tract sends messages to the hypothalamus.
D)The hypothalamus anticipates the availability of nutrients.

Question 51

Match the digestive organs with their appropriate functions.a.manufactures bile to help digest fats
b.releases bicarbonate into the small intestine
c.opens to allow elimination
d.churns, mixes, and grinds food to liquid mass
e.reabsorbs water and minerals
f.stores bile until needed
g.passes food to the stomach
h.makes enzymes to aid in the digestion of carbohydrate, protein, and fat
i.chews and mixes food with saliva
j.stores waste prior to elimination
k.contracts rhythmically to move food content along
small intestine

Question 52

Which recommendation would assist most with the long-term alleviation of constipation?

A)Take a laxative.
B)Drink enough water.
C)Limit physical activity.
D)Consume foods with starch.

Question 53

What is the percentage of alcohol in 90 proof liquor?

A)10
B)45
C)63
D)90

Question 54

What are the recommended limits for the consumption of alcohol for the average-sized healthy woman?

A)3 drinks per day
B)4 drinks on any occasion
C)10 drinks per week
D)15 drinks per month

Question 55

Match the digestive organs with their appropriate functions.a.manufactures bile to help digest fats
b.releases bicarbonate into the small intestine
c.opens to allow elimination
d.churns, mixes, and grinds food to liquid mass
e.reabsorbs water and minerals
f.stores bile until needed
g.passes food to the stomach
h.makes enzymes to aid in the digestion of carbohydrate, protein, and fat
i.chews and mixes food with saliva
j.stores waste prior to elimination
k.contracts rhythmically to move food content along
mouth

Question 56

Match the digestive organs with their appropriate functions.a.manufactures bile to help digest fats
b.releases bicarbonate into the small intestine
c.opens to allow elimination
d.churns, mixes, and grinds food to liquid mass
e.reabsorbs water and minerals
f.stores bile until needed
g.passes food to the stomach
h.makes enzymes to aid in the digestion of carbohydrate, protein, and fat
i.chews and mixes food with saliva
j.stores waste prior to elimination
k.contracts rhythmically to move food content along
rectum

Question 57

Which terms refer to the hormone and the organ that respond to a drop in blood glucose levels in the body?

A)glycogen and liver
B)insulin and liver
C)glucagon and pancreas
D)thyroxin and thyroid

Question 58

Which cells are the first to defend the body tissues against invaders?

A)phagocytes
B)T-cells
C)lymphocytes
D)B-cells

Question 59

What do cells release as a waste product from the burning of oxygen and nutrients?

A)water
B)glycogen
C)amino acids
D)carbon dioxide

Question 60

The lymphatic vessels are initially responsible for transporting which of the following products of digestion?

A)fat
B)protein
C)minerals
D)carbohydrate

Question 61

Explain how hiccups develop.

Question 62

Match the digestive organs with their appropriate functions.a.manufactures bile to help digest fats
b.releases bicarbonate into the small intestine
c.opens to allow elimination
d.churns, mixes, and grinds food to liquid mass
e.reabsorbs water and minerals
f.stores bile until needed
g.passes food to the stomach
h.makes enzymes to aid in the digestion of carbohydrate, protein, and fat
i.chews and mixes food with saliva
j.stores waste prior to elimination
k.contracts rhythmically to move food content along
esophagus

Question 63

Describe how hormones affect nutrition.

Question 64

Explain why sources of carbohydrate should be consumed at intervals throughout the day.

Question 65

Match the digestive organs with their appropriate functions.a.manufactures bile to help digest fats
b.releases bicarbonate into the small intestine
c.opens to allow elimination
d.churns, mixes, and grinds food to liquid mass
e.reabsorbs water and minerals
f.stores bile until needed
g.passes food to the stomach
h.makes enzymes to aid in the digestion of carbohydrate, protein, and fat
i.chews and mixes food with saliva
j.stores waste prior to elimination
k.contracts rhythmically to move food content along
anus

Question 66

Match the digestive organs with their appropriate functions.a.manufactures bile to help digest fats
b.releases bicarbonate into the small intestine
c.opens to allow elimination
d.churns, mixes, and grinds food to liquid mass
e.reabsorbs water and minerals
f.stores bile until needed
g.passes food to the stomach
h.makes enzymes to aid in the digestion of carbohydrate, protein, and fat
i.chews and mixes food with saliva
j.stores waste prior to elimination
k.contracts rhythmically to move food content along
pancreas

Question 67

Explain how the lining of the digestive tract can remain intact despite begin in contact with powerful digestive juices and enzymes.

Question 68

Match the digestive organs with their appropriate functions.a.manufactures bile to help digest fats
b.releases bicarbonate into the small intestine
c.opens to allow elimination
d.churns, mixes, and grinds food to liquid mass
e.reabsorbs water and minerals
f.stores bile until needed
g.passes food to the stomach
h.makes enzymes to aid in the digestion of carbohydrate, protein, and fat
i.chews and mixes food with saliva
j.stores waste prior to elimination
k.contracts rhythmically to move food content along
liver

Question 69

Describe what instinctively occurs within the body during the stress response and the number one health consequence for people living in modern civilization.

Question 70

List eight typical behaviours of problem drinkers

Question 71

Briefly describe the actions of the body's phagocytes and lymphocytes.

Question 72

How would you respond to the statement, "People should not consume fruit and meat at the same meal"?

Question 73

Differentiate between the mechanical and chemical aspects of digestion.

Question 74

Match the digestive organs with their appropriate functions.a.manufactures bile to help digest fats
b.releases bicarbonate into the small intestine
c.opens to allow elimination
d.churns, mixes, and grinds food to liquid mass
e.reabsorbs water and minerals
f.stores bile until needed
g.passes food to the stomach
h.makes enzymes to aid in the digestion of carbohydrate, protein, and fat
i.chews and mixes food with saliva
j.stores waste prior to elimination
k.contracts rhythmically to move food content along
large intestine

Question 75

What advice would you give to someone interested in improving appetite with alcohol?

Question 76

Describe what happens to digestion and absorption in cases of severe undernutrition.

Question 77

What is chronic constipation and how does it impact an individual's long-term health?

Question 78

Explain the effects of antacids in managing heartburn.