Deck 8: Vertebral Column

Question 1

The spinal cord ends at L2/L3.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

C1 has no body.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Bifid spinous processes are found in the cervical region of the spine.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Extending from the conus medullaris are hairlike nerve fibers that remain within the vertebral canal that are called the filum terminale.

Question 5

The portion of the pia mater anchoring the spinal cord to the coccyx is the cauda equina.

Question 6

On sagittal MR images, the ligament that is seen passing between the laminae of the vertebrae on either side of the spinous processes is the ligamentum flava.

Question 7

The axis is C1.

Question 8

Of the ligaments associated with the vertebral column, the ligament in the cervical region that is seen most posteriorly on sagittal MR images is the ligamentum nuchae.

Question 9

An intervertebral disk generally will rupture in a posterolateral direction.

Question 10

Of the ligaments associated with the vertebral column, the ligamentum nuchae is seen most posteriorly on sagittal MR images below the level of the cervical region.

Question 11

The outermost covering of the spinal cord is the meningeal layer of the dura mater.

Question 12

The tapered end of the spinal cord is the conus medullaris.

Question 13

The odontoid process is part of C1.

Question 14

The outermost covering of the spinal cord is the arachnoid.

Question 15

The outermost covering of the spinal cord is the pia mater.

Question 16

The portion of the intervertebral disk that ruptures is the annulus fibrosus.

Question 17

The vertebra prominens is C7.

Question 18

The atlas is C2.

Question 19

The outermost covering of the spinal cord is the endosteal layer of the dura mater.

Question 20

The vertebral canal is widest in the

A)cervical region.
B)thoracic region.
C)lumbar region.
D)The dimensions do not vary from one region to another.

Question 21

Which type of curvature is normal for the lumbar region?

A)scoliosis
B)kyphosis
C)lordosis
D)None of the above

Question 22

The number of vertebrae in an adult is

A)26.
B)28.
C)30.
D)32.
E)33.

Question 23

The articulation between the vertebrae is an example of

A)synarthrosis.
B)amphiarthrosis.
C)diarthrosis.
D)None of the above

Question 24

The spinous process extends posteriorly from the union of the

A)transverse processes.
B)laminae.
C)pedicles.
D)superior and inferior articulating processes.

Question 25

The function of the curvatures in the spine is to

A)strengthen the spine.
B)maintain balance when upright.
C)cushion the spine when walking.
D)All of the above

Question 26

Which of the following is not attached to the vertebral arch?

A)transverse processes
B)spinous process
C)superior articulating process
D)inferior articulating process
E)They are all attached to the vertebral arch.

Question 27

The outermost covering of the spinal cord is the

A)pia mater.
B)arachnoid.
C)endosteal layer of the dura mater.
D)meningeal layer of the dura mater.

Question 28

Passing through the intervertebral foramina are the

A)ligamentum nuchae.
B)ligamentum flava.
C)spinal nerves.
D)All of the above

Question 29

The articulation between the vertebrae is

A)an immovable joint.
B)a slightly movable joint.
C)a fully movable joint.
D)The articulations between vertebrae are not classified by mobility.

Question 30

The neural arch is formed by the

A)two pedicles and two laminae.
B)two pedicles, two laminae, and body.
C)two pedicles and body.
D)two laminae and body.

Question 31

Passing through the transverse foramina in the cervical region are the

A)jugular veins.
B)vertebral arteries.
C)common carotid arteries.
D)internal carotid arteries.

Question 32

The shape of an infant's vertebral column at birth is

A)convex dorsally.
B)convex anteriorly.
C)concave dorsally.
D)A combination of a and c

Question 33

The vertebral notch is

A)a concavity superior and inferior to each pedicle.
B)a concavity superior and inferior to each lamina.
C)involved in forming the intervertebral foramina.
D)a and c
E)b and c

Question 34

In what decade of life do the intervertebral disks start to degenerate and lose their elasticity?

A)second
B)third
C)fourth
D)fifth
E)sixth

Question 35

The articulation of the superior and inferior articulating processes forms the

A)zygapophyseal joint.
B)apophyseal joint.
C)a and b
D)Neither a nor b

Question 36

The first secondary curvature of the spine to develop in an infant is in the

A)cervical region.
B)thoracic region.
C)lumbar region.
D)sacral region.
E)coccygeal region.

Question 37

Kyphosis is

A)the normal dorsal convexity in the thoracic region of the spine.
B)an exaggeration of the dorsal convexity in the thoracic region of the spine.
C)the normal dorsal concavity in the lumbar region of the spine.
D)an exaggeration of the dorsal concavity in the lumbar region of the spine.

Question 38

The second secondary curvature of the spine to develop is in the

A)cervical region.
B)thoracic region.
C)lumbar region.
D)sacral region.
E)coccygeal region.

Question 39

Within the vertebral canal is/are the

A)anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL).
B)posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL).
C)spinal cord.
D)b and c

Question 40

The number of vertebrae that fuse to form the sacrum is

A)two.
B)three.
C)four.
D)five.

Question 41

Of the ligaments associated with the vertebral column, the ligament in the cervical region seen most posteriorly on sagittal MR images is the _________________________.

Question 42

The anterior arch is associated with

A)C1.
B)C2.
C)the axis.
D)b and c

Question 43

The ____________________ are hairlike nerve fibers that extend from the conus medullaris and that remain within the vertebral canal.

Question 44

Of the ligaments associated with the vertebral column, the ligament seen most posteriorly on sagittal MR images below the level of the cervical region is the _________________________.

Question 45

The ____________________ vertebra is called the atlas.

Question 46

The portion of the intervertebral disk that ruptures is the ____________________.

Question 47

On sagittal MR images, the ligament seen passing between the laminae of the vertebrae on either side of the spinous processes is the _________________________.

Question 48

The layer of the dura mater forming the outermost covering of the spinal cord is the ____________________ layer.

Question 49

The anterior division of a nerve root has passing through it

A)motor fibers.
B)sensory fibers.
C)mixed nerves.
D)no nerves.

Question 50

Extending posteriorly from the body of a vertebra are the

A)transverse processes.
B)laminae.
C)pedicles.
D)spinous processes.
E)superior/inferior articulating processes.

Question 51

The term lordosis refers to

A)the anterior convexity in the lumbar region that a child develops when he or she walks upright
B)an exaggeration of the secondary curvature that develops in the lumbar region
C)a and b
D)Neither a nor b

Question 52

On axial CT images of the spine, the ____________________ articulating processes are more medial (superior or inferior).

Question 53

The portion of the pia mater anchoring the spinal cord to the coccyx is the ____________________.

Question 54

The odontoid process is associated with the ____________________ vertebra.

Question 55

The bifid spinous processes are located in the ____________________ region of the spine.

Question 56

The ____________________ vertebra is called the axis.

Question 57

Of the ligaments associated with the vertebral column, which ligament would be seen most posteriorly on sagittal MR images below the level of the cervical region?

A)anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)
B)posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)
C)ligamentum flava
D)ligamentum nuchae
E)supraspinous ligament

Question 58

The ____________________ vertebra is the vertebra prominens.

Question 59

The tapered end of the spinal cord is the ____________________.

Question 60

The number of processes attached to the vertebral arch is

A)three.
B)four.
C)five.
D)six.
E)seven.

Question 61

Match each item with the correct term.
a.a normal or exaggerated anterior concave curvature of the spinal column, usually in the lumbar region
b.the second cervical vertebra
c.an extension of the pia mater beyond the conus medullaris anchoring the spinal cord to the coccyx
d.a cartilaginous or slightly movable joint
e.odontoid process
lordosis

Question 62

Match each item with the correct term.
a.a normal or exaggerated anterior concave curvature of the spinal column, usually in the lumbar region
b.the second cervical vertebra
c.an extension of the pia mater beyond the conus medullaris anchoring the spinal cord to the coccyx
d.a cartilaginous or slightly movable joint
e.odontoid process
amphiarthrosis

Question 63

Match each item with the correct term.
a.a normal or exaggerated anterior concave curvature of the spinal column, usually in the lumbar region
b.the second cervical vertebra
c.an extension of the pia mater beyond the conus medullaris anchoring the spinal cord to the coccyx
d.a cartilaginous or slightly movable joint
e.odontoid process
dens

Question 64

Match each item with the correct term.
a.a normal or exaggerated anterior concave curvature of the spinal column, usually in the lumbar region
b.the second cervical vertebra
c.an extension of the pia mater beyond the conus medullaris anchoring the spinal cord to the coccyx
d.a cartilaginous or slightly movable joint
e.odontoid process
filum terminale

Question 65

Match each item with the correct term.
a.a normal or exaggerated anterior concave curvature of the spinal column, usually in the lumbar region
b.the second cervical vertebra
c.an extension of the pia mater beyond the conus medullaris anchoring the spinal cord to the coccyx
d.a cartilaginous or slightly movable joint
e.odontoid process
axis