Deck 21: Plant Responses and Reproduction

Question 1

Gametophytes of flowering plants are produced within the flower.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Auxin causes bending in stems and roots by

A) causing cell elongation.
B) preventing cell elongation.
C) breaking down cell walls.
D) causing cell shrinkage.
E) inhibiting lateral bud growth.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Plants are naturally able to reproduce asexually because they contain meristematic tissue.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

An incomplete flower may lack a carpel.

Question 5

You wish to change the growth pattern of the shrubs in your yard to give them a fuller, more bushy appearance. This could be accomplished by

A) pruning the terminal bud.
B) pruning the lateral buds.
C) pruning the lateral buds and applying gibberellins.
D) applying auxin to the roots.
E) pruning the shoot tip and applying auxin to the shoot.

Question 6

Which of the following is an effect of gibberellins?

A) increased stem length
B) cell elongation
C) breaking the dormancy of seeds
D) larger fruit size
E) All of the above are effects of gibberellins.

Question 7

Which of the following plant hormones promotes cell division and prevents senescence?

A) cytokinins
B) auxin
C) gibberellins
D) abscisic acid
E) ethylene

Question 8

Which of the following events will occur if gibberellins are applied to barley?

A) the lateral meristems will be inhibited and the plant growth will cease
B) the starchy endosperm will be broken down and converted into sugars for the developing embryo
C) the stomata will remain closed to avoid the loss of water from the plant
D) plant growth will be accelerated as the stems elongate
E) the plant will produce fewer seeds than normal

Question 9

Monocot seeds differ from eudicot seeds because in monocot seeds

A) the cotyledons absorb the stored food of the endosperm.
B) the endosperm is retained.
C) there are two cotyledons instead of one.
D) there is no seed coat.
E) the endosperm develops into the embryo.

Question 10

A monocot seed consists of a seed coat, two cotyledons, an embryo, and an endosperm.

Question 11

A gardener wants to stimulate branching but keep the apical meristem intact so that the plants will also grow in height. What hormone should be applied?

A) auxin
B) cytokinin
C) ethylene
D) abscisic acid
E) gibberellins

Question 12

Plant hormones are

A) are only found in the growing root tip.
B) only control plant growth.
C) produced only in the apical meristem.
D) only found in monocots.
E) are chemical signals between cells and tissues.

Question 13

Synthetic auxins are used in agriculture to

A) create seedless varieties of fruit.
B) to control the growth of grasses.
C) to speed up the growth of the plant.
D) to encourage larger root masses.
E) to incrase the size of the lateral buds.

Question 14

Alternation of generations means that a diploid sporophyte produces haploid spores by meiosis, and a haploid gametophyte produces gametes by mitosis.

Question 15

Cytokinins may help promote the growth of new plants in tissue culture.

Question 16

The application of abscisic acid to a plant may prevent fruit maturation.

Question 17

A root growing into the Earth is exhibiting negative gravitropism.

Question 18

The application of auxin to a seed may cause it to germinate.

Question 19

An increase in the amount of protein produced is an advantage of using plants to develop products for the pharmaceutical industry.

Question 20

A farmer wishes to force a normal plant to maintain a dwarf size. Which of the following plant hormones might she apply?

A) auxin
B) cytokinin
C) ethylene
D) abscisic acid
E) gibberellins

Question 21

Phytochrome red (P _r) differs from phytochrome far-red (P _fr) in that

A) P _r is converted to P _fr during the nighttime.
B) P _r is converted to P _fr by absorbing sunlight.
C) P _fr is converted to P _r by absorbing sunlight.
D) P _fr is converted to P _r by absorbing far-red light that is available at dusk.
E) P _r is converted to P _fr by absorbing far-red light, which is available only during full daylight.

Question 22

A flower that is bisexual contains

A) only carpels.
B) only stamens.
C) extra sepals.
D) both stamens and carpels.
E) anthers but no filaments.

Question 23

A plant's growth response toward or away from a directional stimulus is called

A) apical dominance.
B) a tropism.
C) senescence.
D) a photoperiod.
E) dormancy.

Question 24

Plants undergo an alternation of generations. The haploid _____ produces gametes that fuse to produce a new diploid _____.

A) sporophyte; gametophyte
B) gametophyte; sporophyte
C) gametophyte; flower
D) flowers; gametophyte
E) sporophyte; flower

Question 25

Flowering in most plants is triggered by

A) auxin migration.
B) night length.
C) day length.
D) gibberellin production.
E) negative phototropism.

Question 26

The microspores develop into pollen grains in the

A) anther.
B) filament.
C) stigma.
D) style.
E) ovary.

Question 27

Plants undergo an alternation of generations. This means that the diploid _____ produces spores, which develop into the haploid _____.

A) sporophyte; gametophyte
B) gametophyte; sporophyte
C) sporophyte; seeds
D) flowers; gametophyte
E) sporophyte; flowers

Question 28

Ethylene stimulates fruit ripening by stimulating

A) the transport of hydrogen ions out of the cell.
B) the production of amylase for starch breakdown.
C) bacterial activity which softens the fruit.
D) cellulase to break down cellulose in cell walls.
E) mitosis of cells within the fruit to promote fruit growth.

Question 29

A plant that is dioecious is incapable of which of the following?

A) cross-pollination
B) double fertilization
C) self-pollination
D) gametophyte production
E) pollen production

Question 30

Which of the following is a function of the flower in an angiosperm?

A) producing fruit
B) protection of the gametophyte
C) attracting pollinators
D) producing spores
E) All of the above are functions of a flower.

Question 31

When a plant is experiencing water stress,

A) auxin will shut down vessel elements.
B) gibberellins will stimulate growth of root hairs.
C) abscisic acid will stimulate closure of stomata.
D) ethylene will increase water flow in vessel elements.
E) cytokinins will stimulate elongation of stems and growth of new leaves.

Question 32

Short-day (long-night) plants

A) bloom after a certain length of continuous daylight.
B) bloom after a certain length of continuous darkness.
C) bloom only at night.
D) use other environmental stimuli to trigger flowering.
E) bloom only during the day.

Question 33

The products of double fertilization in the _____ are a 2n ____ and a 3n _____.

A) ovary; zygote; endosperm
B) ovary; endosperm; zygote
C) anther; zygote; endosperm
D) anther; endosperm; zygote
E) stigma; endosperm; zygote

Question 34

Peaches may be ripened at home by enclosing them in a paper bag. This is due to the production of which hormone?

A) auxin
B) cytokinin
C) ethylene
D) abscisic acid
E) gibberellins

Question 35

A winter bud begins winter with an amount of abscisic acid to maintain dormancy. Dormancy is broken in the spring because of a(n)

A) gradual reduction in abscisic acid over winter.
B) increase of abscisic acid production by the meristem within the bud.
C) increase in cytokinin in the leaves.
D) gradual reduction of auxin in the shoot tip.
E) gradual increase in ethylene production by the meristem within the bud.

Question 36

Which of the following is an incorrect match of structure to function?

A) sepal - protection of flower
B) filament - produces pollen
C) petal - attracts pollinator
D) ovary - contains female gametophyte
E) stigma - allows pollen to adhere

Question 37

A long-day (short-night) plant would most likely bloom

A) in the fall.
B) in the spring.
C) in the summer.
D) at night.
E) during the day.

Question 38

Plants detect the presence of light using _____, whereas day length is detected using _____.

A) auxin; gibberellin
B) phytochrome; auxin
C) auxin; phytochrome
D) phytochrome; gibberellin
E) gibberellin; auxin

Question 39

Plants with both female and male flowers on the same plant are called

A) complete.
B) incomplete.
C) monoecious.
D) dioecious.
E) bisexual.

Question 40

Since plant sperm are nonflagellated, how do they reach the ovule from the stigma?

A) the sperm swim in water
B) the sperm are delivered by a pollen tube
C) the sperm are carried on air currents
D) the sperm delivered by insects
E) the ovules are delivered to the stigma

Question 41

Which plant hormone is responsible for breaking seed dormancy?

A) gibberellins
B) auxins
C) abscisic acid
D) ethylene
E) cytokinins

Question 42

During germination, which part of the seed exhibits negative gravitrophism?

A) embryonic shoot
B) cotyledon
C) seed coat
D) root system
E) embryo

Question 43

In what way would a grower in the grape industry use gibberellins?

A) Gibberellins would increase the size of the fruits.
B) Gibberellins would prevent the plants from getting fungal infections.
C) Gibberellins would help break down the starches found in the fruits, making them sweeter.
D) Gibberellins would promote an increase in the rate at which the plants produce fruit.
E) Gibberellins would make the plants resistant to parasitic infections.

Question 44

If ethylene is applied to a bushel of apples, what is most likely to occur?

A) The fruit will all ripen.
B) The apple seeds will go into a state of dormancy.
C) The seeds will germinate.
D) The fruit will retain its water for a longer period of time.
E) The apple stem will fall off.

Question 45

A friend complains that all of her houseplants have bent stems. You examine the plants and find that their stems all curve toward the light. What would you recommend to your friend to correct the problem?

A) Turn each plant occasionally so that different sides will face the light.
B) Apply an auxin to the shady side of the stems.
C) Water the plants more frequently.
D) Apply gibberellins to the bases of the stems.
E) Repot the plants.

Question 46

During germination, which cellular structure will exhibit positive gravitrophism and grow downward?

A) embryonic root
B) embryonic shoot
C) cotyledon
D) shoot
E) seed nucleus

Question 47

Which fruit is most likely to be dispersed by the wind?

A) dandelion
B) apples
C) walnut
D) cocklebur
E) cherry

Question 48

Which cellular structure enables a root cell to grow downward?

A) amyloplast
B) chromoplast
C) auxin
D) chloroplast
E) nucleus

Question 49

Which hormone is involved in a plant dropping the lower leaves as it grows taller?

A) cytokinins
B) gibberellins
C) auxin
D) ethylene
E) abscisic acid

Question 50

An advantage of using genetically modified plants is that they

A) are genetically identical to the parent plant.
B) grow much more quickly.
C) may possess superior characteristics to the original plant.
D) are always virus-free.
E) cannot undergo asexual reproduction.

Question 51

The aging process in plants is known as

A) senescence.
B) dormancy.
C) abscission.
D) apical dominance.
E) gravitropism.

Question 52

Which of the following is a possible use for genetically modified crops?

A) vaccine production
B) improved yield
C) herbicide resistance
D) improved nutritional value
E) All of the above are possible uses for genetically modified crops.

Question 53

Some citizens are concerned about the use of genetically modified plants because they

A) are better for the environment.
B) may create herbicide-resistanct super weeds.
C) are less nutritious than the original plant.
D) are genetically identical.
E) do not grow as well as the original plant.

Question 54

A nursery wishes to produce a large number of carrot plants for sale in the spring. The nursery will most likely use which technique?

A) tissue culture
B) hybridization
C) cuttings
D) anther culture
E) meristem culture

Question 55

Because tomatoes contain seeds they are classified as a

A) plant.
B) vegetable.
C) fruit.
D) tree.
E) legume.

Question 56

In a eudicot seed, the zygote becomes the _____, while the _____ is derived from the endosperm.

A) embryo; seed coat
B) cotyledons; embryo
C) embryo; cotyledon
D) embryo; stored food
E) stored food; seed coat

Question 57

In order for senescence to be prevented, which hormone needs to be present in the plant?

A) gibberellins
B) cytokinins
C) abscisic acid
D) ethylene
E) auxin

Question 58

What is the role of auxin in regards to plant growth?

A) Auxin softens the cell wall enabling the cells to grow.
B) Auxin disintegrates the cell wall in a plant allowing two cells to enlarge into one.
C) Auxin will stunt plant growth.
D) Auxin will increase the rate at which plant cells can grow.
E) Auxin will decrease the rate at which plant cells grow.

Question 59

A fleshy fruit is more likely to use which of the following methods of seed dispersal?

A) eaten by animals and seeds passed through feces
B) blown by wind
C) stuck to fur of mammal and carried
D) fruit bursts when mature, spreading seeds outward
E) drop and remain near parent plant

Question 60

Which of the following is a method of sexual reproduction in plants?

A) rhizomes
B) stolons
C) suckers
D) tubers
E) dry fruits

Question 61

Which of the following is an advantage of genetically engineered plants?

A) increased yield
B) herbicide resistance
C) drought tolerance
D) disease protection
E) All of the above are advantages of genetically engineered plants.

Question 62

What is the actual site of double fertilization?

A) ovule
B) ovary
C) embryo sac
D) anther
E) stigma

Question 63

Which of the following structures is used by strawberry plants during asexual reproduction?

A) stolon
B) rhizome
C) tuber
D) corm
E) ovary

Question 64

Which of the following pharmaceutical products can be produced by genetically modified plants?

A) antigens
B) antibodies
C) hormones
D) therapeutic proteins
E) All of these are produced by plants.