Deck 8: Health Care: Transformation or Continued Crisis?

Question 1

The United States has made great gains in healthcare,surpassing Sweden,Japan,England and Canada in life expectancy and infant mortality rates.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The healthcare "iron triangle" is composed of

A)patients, doctors and lawmakers
B)patients, clinicians and public health & government policymakers
C)patients, insurance companies and lawmakers
D)doctors, public health & government policymakers and insurance companies

Answer 2

B

Question 3

IPA,PPO,and HMO are acronyms for

A)federal government health care agencies
B)federal health care programs
C)state health care bureaucracies
D)various types of managed care providers

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Managed care emerged as a force in American health care in the 1980's as

A)a means of centralized health care coordination
B)a method to have health care geographically distributed so as to be more accessible
C)a means of insuring everyone
D)a method to hold down the increasing costs of health care

Question 5

Even though American medical technology is the most advanced in the world,the United States still ranks behind ______________ in infant mortality.

A)Netherlands
B)Canada
C)Australia
D)United Kingdom

Question 6

Which group is more likely to suffer illness and struggle to get access to health care?

A)the homeless
B)the aged
C)the poor and aged
D)the poor
E)none of the above

Question 7

Under the fee-for-service model,medical care is fragmented,difficult to coordinate for multiple medical conditions and expensive.

Question 8

United States health care problems do NOT include _________________.

A)quality
B)access
C)technology
D)cost

Question 9

Coordinated care systems are driven by

A)control of spending & improved quality
B)political demands
C)consolidation & integration
D)none of the above
E)A & C only

Question 10

The percentage of the population having health insurance coverage has ______________ since 1980.

A)remained the same
B)increased
C)doubled
D)declined

Question 11

Expensive curative care receives more attention in the American health care system than

A)Primary care
B)Health education
C)Disease prevention
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 12

Un-insurance is a dynamic process,but several groups are more likely to be uninsured than the general population.These groups include all but

A)Persons living in the south and West
B)Those over sixty-five
C)Young adults
D)Low-income working adults

Question 13

The largest share of American health care spending is paid by

A)the patient directly
B)private health insurance plans
C)government
D)none of the above

Question 14

Overspecialization by physicians is cited as one of the causes of

A)high cost of medical care
B)poor coordination of care
C)better performance on measures of health statistics
D)all of the above
E)A & B only

Question 15

A radical perspective on health care states that health care

A)is part of a corporate capitalist structure
B)is not monopolistic
C)doesn't go where the money is, but where the need is
D)is elastically structured

Question 16

_________,_______ & __________ has resulted in a disjointed and wasteful delivery of medical care.

A)Advances in medicine, reduced admissions & length of stay
B)Hospital closings, mission redirection and competing incentives
C)Competing incentives, specialty hospitals & minor care clinics
D)Outpatient surgery, freestanding surgical units & minor care clinics

Question 17

There are several reasons physicians are seeking employment by hospital and other organizations except for

A)Working conditions
B)Income
C)Research capabilities
D)Quality of life

Question 18

Job lock is defined as

A)Being contractually bound to a job
B)Unable to change jobs due to the poor employment marketplace
C)Forced to remain in a job because of financial obligations
D)Forced to stay in a job because of the fear of not getting health care with new employment

Question 19

According to 2002 data,which of the countries below had highest health expenditures as percentage of GDP?

A)USA
B)Germany
C)Sweden
D)France

Question 20

The 1999 Institute of Medicine estimated that 100,000 hospital deaths occurred due to _____________.

A)lack of testing equipment
B)paperwork errors
C)medical errors
D)patients being too sick to cure

Question 21

Which of the following health care coverage were added to Medicare in the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003?

A)Prescription drug coverage
B)Coverage for renal kidney failure
C)Hospice care
D)Home health care

Question 22

Which of these countries does NOT have mandated universal health insurance coverage through employers or private policies?

A)France
B)Italy
C)Canada
D)Great Britain

Question 23

Among the consequences of a high rate of uninsured Americans are which of the following?

A)worse health outcomes
B)financial burdens on families
C)"job lock"
D)all of the above

Question 24

____________ is a voluntary insurance program for persons age sixty-five and older.

A)Social Security
B)Welfare
C)Coinsurance
D)Supplementary Medical Insurance

Question 25

Medicare shifted responsibility for the health needs of elderly and disabled persons from their family and charitable organizations to the federal government.

Question 26

Americans when compared to other countries have higher rates of

A)Suicide
B)Smoking
C)Teen pregnancy
D)Health care satisfaction

Question 27

Which country actually provides Socialized Medicine for its citizens?

A)Germany
B)Canada
C)France
D)England

Question 28

Chronic conditions such as diabetes,hypertension and arthritis accounted for more of Medicare growth than hospital based treatment of acute illness such as ______________.

A)stroke
B)cancer
C)heart attacks
D)renal failure
E)(b) and (d)

Question 29

Medicaid is

A)a program for the young specifically
B)a supplement to social security for all recipients
C)a protection to the aged population against the risks of medical disaster
D)a public assistance program funded out of general revenues

Question 30

Medicare spending in the last couple of years

A)continued to rise rapidly
B)declined
C)stayed exactly the same
D)Medicare was abolished in 2002

Question 31

Which of the following is not a prime cause for the growth in Medicare costs?

A)higher hospital costs
B)increased death rate
C)higher physician's fees
D)higher drug prices
E)advances in technology

Question 32

Which of the following health care issue has broader coverage in other nations than the United States?

A)dental service
B)nursery homecare
C)eye glasses
D)cosmetic surgery

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT covered by Medical Insurance (Part B)?

A)outpatient hospital services
B)physician services
C)dental services
D)some home health and other medical services

Question 34

United States health care disparities means that

A)those in poor or rural communities have poor health and shorter life expectancy
B)African American infants mortality rates are neatly twice those of whites
C)One-third of Hispanics are uninsured
D)Ten percent of Hispanics rely on their primary care from emergency rooms
E)All of the above

Question 35

Poor children tend to suffer more form chronic and acute conditions,not including

A)Upper respiratory ailments
B)Elevated blood lead levels
C)Vision problems
D)Low hemoglobin
E)All of the above

Question 36

A major problem in the American health care system is

A)too few doctors in suburban areas
B)too few doctors nation-wide
C)the financial burden of health care on many families
D)all of the above

Question 37

The largest share of American health care spending is paid by _______.

A)the patient directly
B)private health insurance plans
C)government
D)charitable foundations

Question 38

Access to medical care,specialized institutions and personnel is proportionally located in both urban and rural areas.

Question 39

Medicare is a program that was designed as

A)a program for the poor specifically
B)social insurance for elderly recipients
C)a protection to the young population against the risks of medical disaster
D)an anti-poverty program

Question 40

The areas and person with the greatest needs for health care are not the areas and persons with the greatest access to care which means that medical care is maldistributed.

Question 41

The increasing number of persons 65 and over in the population has ___________ utilization of health care facilities.

A)increased
B)decreased
C)not affected
D)ceased

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT true of patients who use emergency room care as a substitute for health insurance?

A)cost the same as basic care
B)patients remain ill longer
C)care received is often too little too late
D)patients have more disability

Question 43

The Supreme Court ruled that terminally ill people have no constitutional right to die and,therefore,no right to physician-assisted suicide.

Question 44

Which of the following are important bioethical issues?

A)regulating managed care
B)Funding AIDS research
C)Rationing new health care technologies
D)(a) and (c) only
E)(b) and (c) only

Question 45

The ___________ amendment bans federal Medicaid funding for most abortions.

A)Strong
B)Frist
C)Hyde
D)Howe
E)Johnson

Question 46

Which is NOT a technique used by managed care to keep costs down?

A)utilization review which includes second opinion before surgery or hospitalization
B)disease management programs
C)use of a gatekeeper or primary care physician who approves when patient can see specialists
D)computerized patient files

Question 47

The main problems of U.S.health care can be grouped into which of the three following categories:

A)access, cost, and quality
B)time, cost, education
C)education, age, quality
D)access, education, time

Question 48

Service intensity may be the most important cause of higher health care costs because

A)new drugs can treat conditions formerly requiring surgery
B)the system of payment procedures is an incentive
C)doctor can perform more non-invasive procedures
D)B and C
E)all of the above

Question 49

Which of the following are the greatest determinants of premature death?

A)economic status
B)environmental conditions
C)behavioral
D)all of the above
E)(A) and (B) only

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT an argument in favor of the moral imperative of universal insurance coverage?

A)all citizens should have equal access to health care regardless of income.
B)National Health Insurance would drive up the cost of health care.
C)all citizens should have access to a basic minimum of health care.
D)The government should take responsibility for the health of all citizens.

Question 51

Many physicians and dentists don't accept Medicaid patients because

A)the patients can't afford the co-pay
B)they must accept the Medicaid schedule as full payment
C)it takes too long to get reimbursed
D)they have to prescribe generic drugs

Question 52

The State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)was

A)created by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997
B)abolished by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997
C)created by the Texas Legislature in 1995
D)part of the original Medicaid program

Question 53

Health care policy reform succeeded in 2010 because

A)Republicans pushed too hard for a national health plan
B)the president spent time, energy and political capital
C)Democratic and Republican leaders pushed moderate compromises
D)public opinion favored the single-payer plan

Question 54

The Affordable Care Act was designed to respond to which financial pressure?

A)The rising cost of health care pressure on federal and state government budgets
B)Increased premiums and co-pays
C)Reduced levels of benefits
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 55

Which of the following features of the Single-Payer system of health care administration do its supporters argue will reduce health care costs?

A)Reduction of administrative costs, such as billing and office staff.
B)Abolition of private, for-profit health insurers.
C)Centralization of administration.
D)All of the above

Question 56

In 2001,the House of Representatives voted to ____________ human cloning.

A)encourage
B)permit
C)regulate
D)forbid

Question 57

The federal government does not support biomedical research.

Question 58

Labor and technology is a primary contributor to the high cost of medicine.

Question 59

Which of the following is true?

A)Medicaid physician reimbursement rates are too high
B)Medicaid cannot fund nursing home care.
C)Many physicians refuse to accept Medicaid patients because payment rates are too low.
D)all of the above

Question 60

Health care reform will expand access to 32 million people by

A)requiring most citizens and legal residents to purchase insurance
B)mandates some employers to provide insurance
C)insurance market reform
D)all of the above

Question 61

•Summarize the conservative and liberal/progressive analyses of the causes of uninsurance.What are the strengths and the weaknesses of each analysis?
•Compare and contrast the politics of Medicare from the politics of Medicaid.What accounts for the similarities and the differences?
•Compare and contrast the rollout of Medicare with the rollout of the Affordable Care Act.
•Describe how a single payer healthcare system would work in the United States.
•Explain why rural areas have poor healthcare services than urban areas and what solutions could help fix the problem
•What are some of the reasons that many working people do not have health insurance? Will President Obama's health care policy help them?
•How are other countries able to provide universal health care? Are their methods transferable to the United States?
•Compare how the elderly fared in the United States prior to the passage of the Medicare and Medicaid? Although they are expensive entitlement programs,are they worth the cost?