Deck 5: Energy and Environmental Policies: Policy Instability

Question 1

Which of these was not a part of Project Independence (1973)?

A)National Speed Limit
B)Regulation of Natural Gas
C)Construction of Alaska Pipeline
D)Creation of Federal Department of Energy

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Tax breaks to energy producers did not

A)discourage exploration
B)increase production
C)increase supply
D)lead to quotas

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Natural gas production increased to 30.2 trillion cubic feet in 2013 due to which of these factors?

A)Development of fracking technology
B)Access to shale rock formation
C)Increased demand
D)All of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The U.S.Energy policy changed in 1980 under President Reagan to ________________.

A)Energy conservation
B)The belief that the U.S.had an abundance of energy supplies
C)A focus on the environment
D)A focus on "clean" energy

Question 5

Which policy wasn't included in U.S.Energy policy after 1973?

A)Manufacturing of electric cars
B)Trans-Alaska pipeline
C)Creation of the ERDA agency
D)National fifty-five miles per hour speed limit

Question 6

Nuclear power plants account for ____ percent of America's energy consumption.

A)5
B)25
C)10
D)30

Question 7

U.S.energy policy began to shift when

A)Nuclear power costs became apparent
B)Solar, wind and geothermal energy were developed
C)The U.S.lost its self-sufficiency and began to import oil
D)Coal prices went up

Question 8

The oil depletion allowance adopted in 1926,is an example of

A)a failed national policy
B)the protective nature of energy policy
C)Texas' influence on public policy
D)Effort to increase energy production

Question 9

Nuclear energy as a domestic power supply source was developed originally to power submarines?

Question 10

Project Independence was designed to help the United States achieve energy self-sufficiency by 1980.It didn't include:

A)Year-round daylight savings time
B)Authority for gasoline rationing
C)Implementation of a national speed limit
D)Increased funding for public transportation

Question 11

OPEC was created

A)In 1973
B)By oil-producing states
C)With 7 Arab nations and 7 non-Arab nations
D)B only
E)All of the above

Question 12

The Mineral Leasing Act of 1920,required energy producers to pay royalties to states.

Question 13

The Energy Policy Act of 2005 supports

A)Tax Credits for Hybrid Vehicles
B)The Public Utility Holding Company Act (PUHCA)
C)Stricter CAFÉ Standards
D)Environmental Provisions

Question 14

Only Arabian nations can belong to OPEC.

Question 15

Prior to 1973,America had an unlimited supply of _______________.

A)Water, natural gas, and oil
B)Inexpensive imported oil
C)Domestic fossil fuels
D)Inexpensive imported oil and gas
E)C & D only

Question 16

Which of these is not a fossil fuel?
A)Coal

A)These are all fossil fuels
B)Oil
C)Natural Gas

Question 17

Natural gas does not

A)have a long history of regulation.
B)require much refining.
C)require a pipeline distribution network.
D)been wasted in the past.

Question 18

President Obama has proposed several initiatives to help the United States reduce its foreign oil consumption.Some of his initiatives are:

A)Renewed emphasis on nuclear power for electricity, expansion of off-shore drilling for oil & increased CAFÉ standards
B)Increased CAFÉ standards, prohibition of off-shore drilling, nuclear power for electricity
C)Increased household appliance efficiency, weatherization program for homes and public buildings & maintaining current CAFÉ standards
D)Increased federal funding for research and development of nuclear technology, prohibition of offshore drilling & reduction in CAFÉ standards to help American automakers

Question 19

Which of these is not a reason that OPEC's initial strength was limited?

A)Near monopoly control of oil companies
B)U.S.energy self-sufficiency
C)Production exceeded demand
D)Saudi Arabia refused to join at first

Question 20

Wind energy as a green energy strategy is attractive except for…

A)Of being inflation resistant
B)The difficulty of integrating electricity form wind farms into current electrical grids
C)Costs are stable
D)Of being renewable

Question 21

What is not a challenge to the U.S.energy system?

A)Middle East instability
B)Natural disasters
C)Extremist conservationists
D)Energy market instability

Question 22

Which of the following does not contribute to water pollution?

A)Domestic and municipal wastes
B)Agricultural wastes
C)Cars
D)Natural Silt and Sedimentation

Question 23

Neo Conservatives favor which of these methods of addressing environmental concerns?

A)Taxes or fees for pollution
B)Injunctions to Halt Pollution
C)Rewards For Compliance
D)Fines and Jail Sentences

Question 24

The EPA

A)Was formed to consolidate of two other agencies
B)Functions relatively autonomously
C)Is responsible for regulating water quality
D)Does not regulate nuclear waste except as it impacts water quality

Question 25

High levels of CO? in the atmosphere have been attributed to the use of fossil fuels and rapid deforestation in Africa,South America and Asia.

A)True
B)False

Question 26

The Rasmussen Report issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission concluded that nuclear accidents would probably never happen.This report proved to be accurate.

Question 27

Which is not an option for nuclear plant decommissioning?

A)Dismantlement
B)Mothballing
C)Entombment
D)Replication

Question 28

Which was not a criticism of international environmental policies like the Kyoto Protocol?

A)Restricts national sovereignty
B)Creates a detrimental economic impact
C)Championed by China as an extension of communist principles
D)Based on unverified scientific research

Question 29

The Keystone XL pipeline between Canada and Texas will be a source of oil for America independent of Alaskan and Venezuela oil.

Question 30

Which is NOT an alternative enforcement mechanism for achieving goals and compliance with environmental regulations?

A)stiff fines and jail sentences
B)use of injunctions to halt pollution
C)elimination of the EPA agency
D)tax subsidies or underwriting the cost of pollution-control equipment

Question 31

The transfer to state governments of environmental policy will weaken for all of the following reasons except:

A)Broad political base
B)Severe staffing problems
C)The perception of communication barriers between state and federal authorities
D)Conflict between states

Question 32

Which of the following does not create health problems?

A)Unwillingness to exercise due to air pollution
B)Short term exposure to high levels of air pollution
C)Long term exposure to low levels of air pollution
D)synergistic interaction of air pollutants

Question 33

The Carter administration created the Superfund project which provided EPA with the authority and funds to:

A)Create federal policy on pollution
B)Deal with emergencies and with abandoned toxic-waste sites
C)Only move waste from toxic-waste site to another
D)Ensure that EPA could not be abolished by Congress

Question 34

Major obstacles to the use of wastewater technologies available to municipalities and industries to minimize the discharge of contaminants is:

A)environmental groups
B)government regulations
C)lack of citizen support
D)construction and operation costs

Question 35

What are the four categories of water pollution?

A)Industrial waste, fertilizer and pesticides, cruise ships and recreational boating
B)Domestic and municipal waste, flammable waste, industrial waste and human waste
C)Agricultural waste, miscellaneous pollutants, domestic and municipal waste and industrial wastes
D)Miscellaneous pollution, thermal pollution, domestic and municipal waste, and offshore oil spills

Question 36

Thermal pollution increases water oxygen levels.

Question 37

Which of these is not an argument put forward by conservatives for a free market self regulation approach to environmental concerns?

A)Government regulation will create inflationary pressure
B)Pollution is an externality
C)Interference with Business Planning
D)The free market will encourage recycling and pollution reduction technologies

Question 38

What nation is not a member of OPEC?

A)United Arab Emirate
B)Algeria
C)Turkey
D)Kuwait

Question 39

What is not an impact of continued oil dependence?

A)Supply uncertainty
B)Demand volatility
C)Increased military and defense spending
D)Structural addition to trade deficit

Question 40

Which is NOT a challenge that OPEX faces in order to maintain high prices for its oil?

A)maintain a balance between production levels and prices to discourage alternative energy source development
B)encourage dependence on OPEC as a primary source of energy
C)diversify its markets
D)develop strategies that manage the impact of political and military unrest on the ability to provide oil to the marketplace

Question 41

•What is present day energy policy and how has it been impacted by historical policy?
•What is present day environmental policy and how has it been impacted by historical policy?
•What are the arguments for a free market self-regulation of environmental policy and what are the criticisms of those arguments?
•What are the methods that could be employed to impact environmental quality and what are their relative values and feasibilities?
•What are the pros and cons of the traditional fragmented and decentralized policy?
•What impact would an Arab oil embargo have on America's oil supply and economy today?
•How did the National Energy Act of 1978 encourage energy efficiency and conservation?
•Why are both environmental groups and right wing conservative groups upset with President Obama's environmental policies?
•Why has there been such strong resistance to accepting the existence of climate change among the political conservatives?
•Why has the Keystone XL pipeline project faced difficulties in getting approval from President Obama's administration?