Deck 15: Therapy

Question 1

The theorist associated with REBT is:

A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Aaron Beck.
C) Carl Rogers.
D) Albert Ellis.

Answer 1

Albert Ellis.

Question 2

_____ is a therapist's ability to sense a client's emotions just as the client would and to then respond compassionately.

A) Empathy
B) Unconditional positive regard
C) Reflection
D) Genuineness

Answer 2

Empathy

Question 3

When something happens Rees does not like, he often overreacts and exaggerates how terrible the outcome is. When he does so, Rees is demonstrating the cognitive distortion:

A) catastrophizing.
B) personalization.
C) overgeneralization.
D) all-or-none thinking.

Answer 3

catastrophizing.

Question 4

David is in therapy for anger issues. He is in therapy with six other people, who discuss their anger issues with each other and a therapist who is also present. David and the others in therapy give each other feedback, as does the therapist. David is MOST likely participating in _____ therapy.

A) group
B) family
C) dialectical behavior
D) REBT

Question 5

Dr. Jones is a middle-aged white male who grew up in the United States. His client Vinay is a young college student who grew up in the Middle East. Dr. Jones recognizes that he and Vinay are from different cultural backgrounds but feels confident that he will be able to work sensitively and expertly with his client. Dr. Jones believes he possesses what is defined in the field of psychotherapy as cultural:

A) competence.
B) transference.
C) skills.
D) capability.

Question 6

In an effort to improve severe psychological disorders, doctors may operate directly on a person's brain. This is called:

A) electroconvulsive therapy.
B) transcranial magnetic stimulation.
C) positron emission tomography.
D) psychosurgery.

Question 7

The first mental hospital in Connecticut opened in 1824 due to the efforts of the American physician _____, who was inspired by progress in the treatment of the mentally ill in Europe.

A) William Tuke
B) Dorothea Dix
C) Philippe Pinel
D) Eli Todd

Question 8

Dr. Romero-Muniz's client Christiana has a mood disorder. In therapy, Dr. Romero-Muniz works to help Christiana become more aware of the thoughts and feelings of which she was previously unaware. Dr. Romero-Muniz focuses mostly on Christiana's current life, as opposed to her past. Dr. Romero-Muniz will work with Christiana for a briefer amount of time than is typical with similar therapy approaches. The type of therapy Dr. Romero-Muniz MOST likely practices is:

A) psychoanalysis.
B) psychodynamic therapy.
C) REBT.
D) person-centered therapy.

Question 9

Liliana is the lead singer in a popular band. Lately, she has been experiencing severe anxiety before concerts. Liliana is seeing Dr. Alvarez to work on her anxiety. Throughout therapy, Dr. Alvarez has helped Liliana recognize the ways in which her unconscious beliefs have resulted in her increased feelings of anxiety. In doing so, Dr. Alvarez is using the psychoanalytic technique of:

A) free association.
B) resistance.
C) transference.
D) interpretation.

Question 10

The cognitive distortion of _____ occurs when a person comes to a broad-based conclusion based on just a single, unfortunate event.

A) mental filtering
B) all-or-none thinking
C) overgeneralization
D) catastrophizing

Question 11

In addition to treating depression, antidepressants can also be effective in reducing _____ symptoms.

A) psychotic
B) manic
C) anxiety
D) cognitive

Question 12

_____ is a cognitive distortion that occurs when a person exaggerates the negative consequences of an event or sees a minor event as a disaster.

A) Catastrophizing
B) Personalization
C) Mental filtering
D) All-or-none thinking

Question 13

A therapist's full acceptance of a client without any conditions or limitations is called:

A) empathy.
B) unconditional positive regard.
C) reflection of feeling.
D) genuineness.

Question 14

In the _____ approach to therapy, a therapist selects the best treatment for a client based on evidence from studies of similar clients.

A) psychoanalytic
B) eclectic
C) cognitive-behavioral
D) person-centered

Question 15

Antidepressants work to improve a person's mood by increasing the activity of which neurotransmitters?

A) serotonin and norepinephrine
B) GABA and monoamine oxidase
C) serotonin and monoamine oxidase
D) norepinephrine and GABA

Question 16

Which is NOT an example of a circumstance in which patient confidentiality should be broken?

A) A depressed patient tells his therapist he is planning to commit suicide.
B) A person requests copies of his spouse's therapy records so he can better understand and help his partner.
C) A client discloses that a family member is a victim of ongoing child abuse.
D) A teenager informs her therapist she intends to bring a gun to school because she is being bullied.

Question 17

Jack has an anxiety disorder. Jack's therapist uses various techniques to help him overcome his anxiety and improve his emotional functioning. What type of treatment is Jack MOST likely undergoing?

A) biomedical therapy
B) psychotherapy
C) common factors
D) psychopharmacology

Question 18

Before beginning therapy, Dr. Adams explains to her clients how the therapy process works. She answers any questions they have and clarifies points that are unclear. If clients provide permission, Dr. Adams can proceed with therapy. This procedure is called:

A) the therapy contract.
B) the therapeutic alliance.
C) confidentiality.
D) informed consent.

Question 19

Sarah has an anxiety disorder for which she sees Dr. Williams. Sarah chose Dr. Williams as her therapist because of his training and experience with anxiety disorders. Sarah is glad to be facing her anxiety instead of avoiding it, and believes her anxiety will improve with treatment. Sarah feels that the collaborative relationship she has with Dr. Williams has been particularly helpful. Which element comprising Sarah's therapy is LEAST linked to her potential improvement?

A) Dr. Williams's training and experience
B) Sarah's positive expectations
C) Sarah and Dr. Williams's therapeutic alliance
D) attention to Sarah's anxiety

Question 20

Walter recently began therapy but is not sure whether he wants to continue with this particular therapist. Walter feels that his new therapist completely understands what he is going through and thoroughly accepts him as a person, but he also feels that the therapist is a bit fake at times. According to Carl Rogers, the therapist is lacking the essential characteristic of:

A) empathy.
B) reflection.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) genuineness.

Question 21

Reid has severe depression. He recently tried a type of treatment called transcranial magnetic stimulation. As such, Reid MOST likely experienced:

A) pain and memory loss as a result.
B) surgical implantation of a device that delivers electricity to his brain.
C) a weak electrical current pulsing through coil placed outside his head.
D) a strong electrical current passing through his brain.

Question 22

In therapy, Kurt and his therapist are discussing the underlying meaning of a nightmare Kurt had the week before. Kurt's therapist is MOST likely using which therapeutic technique?

A) free association
B) dream analysis
C) reflection
D) transference

Question 23

In an _____ study, researchers examine how well psychotherapy works in controlled studies.

A) effectualness
B) efficacy
C) effectiveness
D) efficiency

Question 24

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, which type of antidepressant became available in America?

A) TCA
B) MAOI
C) SSRI
D) SNRI

Question 25

For your psychology class, you read about a study that examined how well a specific type of psychotherapy worked for people with panic disorder. The study participants were carefully selected to ensure they met the criteria for panic disorder. The study's therapists used a manual that specifically outlined each aspect of therapy. This study is BEST described as an _____ study.

A) effectualness
B) efficacy
C) effectiveness
D) efficiency

Question 26

Denise has a tendency to believe that she is responsible when bad things happen, even when she is clearly not to blame. This is an example of the cognitive distortion called:

A) all-or-none thinking.
B) mental filtering.
C) magnification.
D) personalization.

Question 27

For the past month, Christopher has been in therapy with Dr. Hartfield. Although Dr. Hartfield is the therapist, he believes that Christopher should determine the course of his therapy. Dr. Hartfield feels that by doing so, Christopher's self-actualizing tendency will effectively guide him. Dr. Hartfield is MOST likely using _____ therapy.

A) nondirective
B) interpersonal
C) cognitive
D) psychodynamic

Question 28

When making a pan of brownies, you see different sets of directions based on cooking times and oven temperatures depending on the size of the brownie pan used. You also see a different set of directions for mixing the brownies for those who live at high altitudes. You know that the different directions are based on what research has shown will produce the best-tasting brownies. This is similar to the _____ approach to therapy, in which the best treatment is selected based on evidence from studies of similar clients.

A) common factors
B) theoretical
C) eclectic
D) integrative

Question 29

In the ABCDE model of cognitive therapy, therapists:

A) teach their clients terminology to label their cognitive distortions.
B) help clients identify the sequences that lead from illogical thinking to logical thinking.
C) encourage clients to simply allow irrational thoughts to sequentially run their course.
D) challenge their clients to take responsibility for unfortunate events.

Question 30

When Stu does poorly on one exam, he feels he will never succeed academically. When he does well on any given exam, Stu has no doubt that he will always succeed at all things academic. There never seems to be any middle ground in between. The type of cognitive distortion MOST demonstrated by Stu is:

A) mental filtering.
B) all-or-none thinking.
C) personalization.
D) catastrophizing.

Question 31

The psychodynamic concept of transference is MOST characterized by:

A) hallucinations.
B) false beliefs.
C) rational thoughts.
D) evidence-based conclusions.

Question 32

_____ is when a therapist listens closely and actively, then restates the client's words in a way that highlights the client's feelings.

A) Genuineness
B) Empathy
C) Reflection
D) Unconditional positive regard

Question 33

A person-centered therapist would MOST likely say people's psychological problems are due to:

A) how they think about life events.
B) their limited awareness of their thoughts and feelings.
C) the biology of their brain.
D) their self-actualization tendency being blocked.

Question 34

Dr. Smith and her client are from different cultural backgrounds. Dr. Smith understands this and is able to work sensitively and expertly with her client in therapy. Dr. Smith possesses cultural:

A) competence.
B) transference.
C) confidentiality.
D) boundaries of competence.

Question 35

Rachel has difficulty initiating conversations with others. In therapy, Rachel's therapist uses a technique in which Rachel watches her therapist demonstrate starting conversations. Later, Rachel will imitate what the therapist demonstrated. The technique Rachel's therapist is MOST likely using is:

A) counterconditioning.
B) aversive conditioning.
C) working through.
D) participant modeling.

Question 36

Collectively, the efforts of reformers like _____ changed society's attitude toward the treatment of the mentally ill.

A) Rogers, Freud, Ellis, and Beck
B) Benjamin, Alexander, Cautin, and Dix
C) Tuke, Pinel, Todd, and Dix
D) Freud, Pinel, Todd, and Alexander

Question 37

_____ are two leading pioneers of cognitive therapy.

A) Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
B) Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck
C) Ivan Pavlov and B. F. Skinner
D) Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung

Question 38

Person-centered therapy is based on the theories of:

A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Albert Ellis.
C) Aaron Beck.
D) Carl Rogers.

Question 39

The eclectic approach to therapy is also called the _____ approach.

A) integrative
B) psychoanalytic
C) prescriptive
D) person-centered

Question 40

A cognitive therapist would MOST likely say a person's psychological problems are due to:

A) how they think about life events.
B) their limited awareness of their thoughts and feelings.
C) the biology of their brain.
D) their self-actualization tendency being blocked.

Question 41

In class, your psychology professor assigned an activity where you and a classmate had to take turns in creating and describing a fictional problem to each other. During the other person's problem description, you were asked to pay close attention and actively listen to what that person said. You were then to try restating what was said in way that highlighted how the person felt. The therapeutic technique you practiced for this activity was:

A) genuineness.
B) empathy.
C) reflection.
D) unconditional positive regard.

Question 42

A person-centered therapist brings three essential characteristics to the therapy relationship. One characteristic is _____, in which a therapist strives to be sincere and honest with clients and to avoid falsely playing the role of a therapist.

A) genuineness
B) empathy
C) reflection
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 43

_____ therapy involves the application of operant and classical conditioning to change outward behavior, with little to no emphasis on the mental processes affecting that behavior.

A) Person-centered
B) Behavior
C) Psychodynamic
D) Eclectic

Question 44

In the United States, 30 state institutions for the mentally ill were created due to the efforts of _____, a Sunday school teacher working in a Boston jail.

A) Eli Todd
B) William Tuke
C) Philippe Pinel
D) Dorothea Dix

Question 45

Dr. Schwanbeck is a therapist who works for a community mental health agency. The agency is located in a large city but serves several other cities, some of which are several hours away. For his patients who live far from his office, Dr. Schwanbeck provides therapy via a secure Internet site. This type of therapy is called:

A) virtual reality exposure therapy.
B) integrative therapy.
C) eclectic therapy.
D) telepsychology.

Question 46

The token economy is defined as a technique in which clients:

A) earn items or points that are exchangeable for rewards when they perform target behaviors.
B) watch models perform target behaviors with the intent of imitating the behaviors.
C) learn to recognize cognitive distortions and learn to think about life events logically.
D) use electronic means to experience simulations of the situations that cause them anxiety.

Question 47

The approach to therapy that emphasizes the tendency toward healthy growth inherent in each person and is based on the theories of Carl Rogers is:

A) person-centered therapy.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) exposure therapy.
D) rational-emotive behavior therapy.

Question 48

_____ is a psychodynamic technique in which the therapist encourages the client to say whatever comes to mind without any censoring at all.

A) Free association
B) Dream analysis
C) Transference
D) Working through

Question 49

Researcher Hans Eysenck evaluated the small number of studies evaluating how well psychology works in 1952. From his analysis of these studies, Eysenck concluded that when dealing with psychological problems, psychotherapy was _____ working through one's problems without therapy.

A) much less effective than
B) no more effective than
C) equally effective as
D) much more effective than

Question 50

In _____, one or more therapists provide therapy to several clients at the same time, with an emphasis on interpersonal interaction.

A) group therapy
B) telepsychology
C) virtual reality therapy
D) psychodynamic therapy

Question 51

Ms. Bronner is a second-grade teacher. Each day, students in Ms. Bronner's class can earn marbles that get added to a jar for following all of the classroom rules. Once the jar gets filled to the rim with marbles, the class gets to choose whether they want to have an ice-cream party or a game day at school. Ms. Bronner is using _____ to encourage rule-following in her classroom.

A) participant modeling
B) in vivo exposure
C) a token economy
D) aversive conditioning

Question 52

Therapists who adopt the _____ approach to therapy blend styles or techniques to create a new form of psychotherapy.

A) technical
B) theoretical
C) integrative
D) eclectic

Question 53

Ava has been in therapy for over a year. Recently, Ava and her therapist started discussing her childhood experience in foster care. Since then, Ava's therapist noticed that Ava has often tried to change the topic of conversation and has missed several appointments. She also seems less open in therapy and reluctant to speak to the therapist, leading Ava's therapist to believe that Ava is MOST likely demonstrating:

A) personalization.
B) resistance.
C) countertransference.
D) empathy.

Question 54

Since losing her job, Debra has grown increasingly angry and sad, so she decides to seek therapy. The therapist emphasizes that Debra could improve her psychological well-being by changing her thought processes. Debra is MOST likely receiving _____ therapy.

A) humanistic
B) cognitive
C) psychodynamic
D) behavior

Question 55

At a prominent university, people with certain phobias have the option to receive treatment in a computer-generated replication of the world. Various techniques are used to give clients a feeling of being within the simulated world. This type of therapy is called:

A) the rational-emotive approach.
B) the eclectic approach to therapy.
C) the integrative approach to therapy.
D) virtual reality exposure therapy.

Question 56

A primary task for psychodynamic therapists is to help clients recognize their unconscious material by making connections between the material and their current behaviors, thoughts, or feelings. Therapists often approach this task by using a technique called:

A) transference.
B) countertransference.
C) personalization.
D) interpretation.

Question 57

_____ is a treatment in which mental health professionals use various techniques to help a person overcome a psychological disorder or improve emotional, cognitive, or behavioral functioning.

A) Psychotherapy
B) Psychosurgery
C) Personalization
D) Psychopharmacology

Question 58

Delusions, hallucinations, and bizarre behavior are treated with _____ drugs.

A) antianxiety
B) antipsychotic
C) antidepressant
D) mood-stabilizing

Question 59

When helping clients learn how to perform a behavior, a therapist may demonstrate that behavior. The client will then imitate the behavior he or she observed the therapist perform. This technique is called:

A) systematic desensitization.
B) counterconditioning.
C) participant modeling.
D) aversive conditioning.

Question 60

With the cognitive distortion of _____, a person ignores the positive while focusing excessively on the negative.

A) all-or-none thinking
B) mental filtering
C) personalization
D) catastrophizing

Question 61

Beginning with Jessica's first therapy session with Dr. West, a trusting, collaborative relationship was formed. This relationship allowed Jessica and Dr. West to work on the issues that brought Jessica to therapy. The relationship Jessica and Dr. West have is BEST described as:

A) informed consent.
B) the therapy contract.
C) a multiple relationship.
D) the therapeutic alliance.

Question 62

A person with social phobia or panic disorder would MOST likely be treated with _____ drugs.

A) mood-stabilizing
B) antidepressant
C) antianxiety
D) antipsychotic

Question 63

Psychiatrists prescribe medicine to treat mental disorders _____ medical doctors who are not psychiatrists.

A) less than
B) more than
C) an equal amount compared to
D) an unknown amount compared to

Question 64

_____ therapy is also known as humanistic theory.

A) Psychodynamic
B) Behavioral
C) Person-centered
D) Rational-emotive

Question 65

In 1952, _____ summarized the small amount of research on the outcome of psychotherapy available at that time and concluded that psychotherapy didn't work.

A) Carl Rogers
B) Albert Ellis
C) Salvador Minuchin
D) Hans Eysenck

Question 66

_____ medications led to a drastic drop in the population of American mental hospitals when they were first discovered.

A) Antianxiety
B) Antidepressant
C) Mood-stabilizing
D) Antipsychotic

Question 67

Last semester, Alwyn failed two of his classes. At the time, Alwyn thought of himself as unintelligent and unlikely to succeed in life. This made Alwyn feel very down on himself. After talking with his friends, Alwyn realized that he was successful and showed intelligence in many other ways. He came to understand that while he might not be successful at everything he does, he does some things very well. In REBT, Alwyn's new thinking about himself is called the _____ new belief.

A) effective
B) expert
C) capable
D) adequate

Question 68

The types of medications prescribed to treat excessive nervousness, worry, and fear are _____ drugs.

A) antidepressant and antianxiety
B) antidepressant and mood-stabilizing
C) antipsychotic and antianxiety
D) mood-stabilizing and antianxiety

Question 69

A therapist who focuses on a clients' present life instead of their past and who helps clients become more aware of thoughts and feelings of which they were unaware at the start of therapy MOST likely practices:

A) REBT.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) person-centered therapy.

Question 70

Prior to the mid-1700s, psychological disorders were thought to be caused by:

A) brain damage.
B) sinful behavior.
C) possession by the devil or evil spirits.
D) undiagnosed medical problems.

Question 71

Unconditional positive regard is BEST reflected by:

A) close listening.
B) congruence.
C) deep understanding.
D) full acceptance.

Question 72

In _____, unwanted behavior is reduced by pairing it with an unpleasant experience.

A) systematic desensitization
B) a token economy
C) aversive conditioning
D) participant modeling

Question 73

Medicine used to treat mental disorders is prescribed the MOST by which group?

A) medical doctors who are psychiatrists
B) psychologists who have prescription privileges
C) medical doctors who are not psychiatrists
D) psychotherapists

Question 74

In _____, an unpleasant experience is paired with an unwanted behavior, whereas in _____, something that causes anxiety is paired with relaxation.

A) aversive conditioning; systematic desensitization
B) in vivo exposure; systematic desensitization
C) systematic desensitization; mindfulness
D) imaginal exposure; aversive conditioning

Question 75

_____ is a type of group therapy in which the group members run the session without a professional therapist leading them.

A) A self-help group
B) Family therapy
C) REBT
D) Behavior therapy

Question 76

Bailey has been in therapy with Dr. Robbins for several months. During the therapy process, Dr. Robbins has made connections between Bailey's unconscious material and her thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Over time, Bailey processed and accepted Dr. Robbins's interpretations, incorporating them into her views of herself and her disorder. Bailey's processing of Dr. Robbins's interpretations is called:

A) transference.
B) personalization.
C) working through.
D) counterconditioning.

Question 77

The average person who receives psychotherapy for a particular psychological issue will have better functioning than approximately _____ of those who did not receive therapy for that issue.

A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 70%
D) 80%

Question 78

Dr. Bowers is a psychodynamic therapist. In therapy, Dr. Bowers uses several techniques to bring a client's unconscious materials into their awareness. In one technique, Dr. Bower asks clients to say whatever comes to their minds without censoring themselves. This technique is called:

A) free association.
B) dream analysis.
C) transference.
D) insight.

Question 79

In high school, Jonathan had many friends. However, since starting college Jonathan has struggled to make new friends. Over a school break, Jonathan confided in his cousin Kelsey that he thinks he cannot make friends because no one likes him or wants to be friends with him. Kelsey pointed out that Jonathan had many friends before starting college and that he is well-liked in their home community. Kelsey suggested that it takes time to make friends and that Jonathan has not been in college very long. In pointing out evidence that does not support Jonathan's illogical thoughts, Kelsey is demonstrating the REBT step called the:

A) argument.
B) exception.
C) dispute.
D) debate.

Question 80

Aversive conditioning is a technique where _____ is paired with _____.

A) relaxation; a desirable behavior
B) an unpleasant experience; an unwanted behavior
C) relaxation; something that causes anxiety
D) an unpleasant experience; something that causes anxiety