Deck 9: Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Question 1

Being able to focus on irrelevant and relevant information in a task is an example of selective attention.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The Learning Disabilities Association of Canada argues that 3 out of 10 children have some form of learning disability.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In the preconventional level of Kohlberg's theory of moral development, children are concerned about avoiding punishment.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

According to Piaget, it is the role of teachers to find materials that will interest children and to provide active learning opportunities for their students.

Question 5

Intelligence has finally been clearly defined and accurate testing has been developed.

Question 6

Catching a ball requires the use of fine motor skills.

Question 7

The relationship between creativity and IQ scores is moderate.

Question 8

Preschoolers are most likely to use postconventional reasoning for moral behaviour.

Question 9

Hopping, skipping, and jumping are examples of fine motor skills.

Question 10

Sensory memory last 30 seconds on average.

Question 11

Knowing that if A exceeds B in some property (say, age or height) and if B exceeds C, then A must also exceed C is an example of transitivity.

Question 12

Most children outgrow their baby fat during middle childhood.

Question 13

Approximately 15% of children in Canada are obese.

Question 14

According to Kohlberg, in the conventional level of moral reasoning, children base moral judgments on the consequences of behaviour.

Question 15

IQ scores are based on one's chronological age and one's mental age.

Question 16

Every child with ADHD has the same level of hyperactivity.

Question 17

Decentration is required for proper conservation in the concrete operational period of development.

Question 18

The Heinz dilemma is used to measure preoperational thinking.

Question 19

The average IQ score for Canadian children is 110.34.

Question 20

Children reared in bilingual homes are generally retarded in their cognitive development.

Question 21

Boys are more likely than girls to be diagnosed with ADHD.

Question 22

Some people are born with better motor skills than others.

Question 23

Reaction time decreases during middle childhood.

Question 24

No racial or ethnic differences in IQ scores are evident in Canada today.

Question 25

IQ scores are only useful for determining which children belong in gifted classes.

Question 26

Heredity plays a role in obesity in children.

Question 27

The Wechsler scales of intelligence measure primarily mathematical reasoning.

Question 28

If a child thinks that there are more flowers than tulips in a picture of 5 tulips and 3 pansies, this child is demonstrating conservation of number.

Question 29

Culture-free tests of intelligence have solved the problem associated with intelligence tests.

Question 30

One strategy for promoting memory is to encode visual stimuli as sounds.

Question 31

Right and wrong are judged by conforming to social conventions in the conventional level of moral development.

Question 32

Preschoolers need more calories to sustain their activity level than school-aged children.

Question 33

Reaction time tends to increase through middle childhood and adolescence.

Question 34

Mental age and chronological age are interchangeable terms.

Question 35

The three types of intelligence identified in Sternberg's triarchic theory are analytical, creative, and practical.

Question 36

Sternberg's theory includes analytical, kinesthetic, and practical intelligence.

Question 37

Research has shown that long-term memory has no known time limit or capacity.

Question 38

Intelligence is considered one's underlying ability, whereas achievement is one's performance.

Question 39

Growth during middle childhood is quite abrupt and unpredictable.

Question 40

Many psychologists believe that heredity and environment interact to influence intelligence.

Question 41

According to Gardner, one could show high intelligence in one area and NOT in any others.

Question 42

Reading is a simple process for children to accomplish.

Question 43

Being able to get around one's environment and use a map are examples of spatial intelligence.

Question 44

Categorizing information in long-term memory assists in recall of that information.

Question 45

Most learning disabilities are outgrown after adolescence.

Question 46

Children with ADHD have enhanced social skills.

Question 47

Some causes of intellectual challenge are biological, stemming from chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome.

Question 48

IQ scores are impacted by genetics.

Question 49

College students with dyslexia may be excellent at word recognition, yet have trouble decoding new words.

Question 50

Indigenous languages help Indigenous youth to connect with and understand their culture.

Question 51

Medical stimulants, such as Dexedrin, can help reduce symptoms of hyperactivity.

Question 52

Concrete operational thinking is characterized by decentration, flexibility, and reversibility.

Question 53

The development of selective attention is a key element in children's information processing.

Question 54

The postconventional level of moral reasoning is based on the person's own moral standards.

Question 55

Metacognition is another name for metamemory.

Question 56

The phonetic method is superior to the word-recognition method for learning to read.

Question 57

The angular gyrus translates visual information into patterns the brain can use.

Question 58

Intelligence becomes stable when one reaches adolescence.

Question 59

Children in the middle years have less trouble understanding passive sentences than preschoolers.

Question 60

The nature of the environment a child grows up in can impact intelligence.

Question 61

What activity was the focus of debate in the story about Heinz that Kohlberg used in his research?

A) stealing money to buy a drug
B) stealing a drug that was not available to Heinz
C) stealing a drug because Heinz did not have enough money to buy it
D) stealing a drug because the chemist would not order it in

Question 62

What is the relationship between ADHD and gender?

A) ADHD is more common in males than in females.
B) ADHD results from a chromosome that males inherit from their mother.
C) ADHD is more common in females than in males.
D) ADHD results from a chromosome that females inherit from their father.

Question 63

Jack is an average 7-year-old. How have his nutritional needs changed compared with two years ago?

A) Jack needs to eat less.
B) Jack needs to eat more.
C) Jack needs to eat more fat.
D) Jack needs to eat the same amount.

Question 64

Taylor has been diagnosed with dyslexia. What is the likelihood that Taylor's siblings will also have dyslexia?

A) 25%
B) 30%
C) 35%
D) 40%

Question 65

According to Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory, which of the following is involved in children's learning?

A) active discovery
B) receiving information passively
C) learning information that is imposed by teachers
D) learning information that is beyond their developmental level

Question 66

What is the relationship between television viewing and obesity?

A) TV viewing curbs the appetite.
B) Children who are heavy TV viewers are less physically active overall.
C) TV viewing resets the hunger trigger, which is located in the thalamus.
D) TV viewing does not contribute to obesity; obesity is genetically determined.

Question 67

During middle childhood, children develop motor skills, such as increases in speed and strength. What else increases at the same time?

A) agility
B) flexibility
C) confidence
D) interest in sports

Question 68

According to Kohlberg, what is a child's moral reasoning related to?

A) a strict upbringing
B) the use of physical punishment
C) an understanding of object permanence
D) cognitive development

Question 69

Josh is struggling at school. He is tested and results indicate he has an average IQ, yet he struggles with reading. What is the likely conclusion?

A) He has poor self-esteem.
B) He has high anxiety.
C) He has a learning disability.
D) He has ADHD.

Question 70

Who considered a wholistic perspective of intelligence?

A) Lewis Terman
B) Howard Gardner
C) Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
D) Robert Sternberg

Question 71

Which of the following was an outcome of the Roots of Empathy program?

A) a decrease in prosocial behavior including sharing, helping, and including
B) an increase in social and emotional knowledge
C) an increase in aggressive behaviour
D) more children transitioning from level 3 to 4 of Kohlberg's levels of moral development

Question 72

Selective attention develops during adolescence.

Question 73

Which ability best illustrates seriation?

A) placing sticks in order according to size
B) understanding that hidden objects still exist
C) understanding that flattening a ball of clay does not change its mass
D) understanding that various shapes exist

Question 74

Which children are most likely to participate in team sports?

A) children who have been exposed to sports on television
B) girls
C) those who live in the country
D) those in higher-income households

Question 75

How has the prevalence of sedentary behaviour changed for males and females in recent years?

A) It has increased for both genders across ethnic groups.
B) It has decreased dramatically from the 1970s to the 2000s.
C) It has increased for males but decreased for females.
D) It has decreased for males but increased for females.

Question 76

Food colourings and preservatives are responsible for the epidemic of ADHD.

Question 77

Which factors are most important in determining a child's ability to play sports well?

A) time and place
B) age and size
C) role models and gender
D) experience and genetics

Question 78

Auditory sensory memory lasts longer than visual sensory memory.

Question 79

Intelligence is to "competence," as achievement is to which of the following?

A) genetics
B) performance
C) environment
D) learning ability

Question 80

Emma's father has dyslexia. What is the likelihood that Emma will also be diagnosed as having dyslexia?

A) less than 10%
B) 11 to 24%
C) 25 to 65%
D) more than 65%