Deck 4: Infancy: Physical Development

Question 1

Infants as young as 1 month of age can coordinate information from more than one sense.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Myelination of the neurons involved in hearing begins about the sixth month of pregnancy.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Breast milk is not as nutritious as formula for babies over 6 months of age.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Exposure to varied sensory experiences can lead to brain development in infancy.

Question 5

Today, nearly 90 percent of Canadian mothers initiate breastfeeding.

Question 6

Myelin allows electrical messages to be conducted more efficiently.

Question 7

Young infants are capable of perceiving most of the speech sounds present in the world's languages

Question 8

Myelination of certain parts of the brain continues into the second decade of life.

Question 9

Children whose eye is patched continue to develop connections in their visual cortex.

Question 10

Infants gain control over their trunks and their shoulders before they can control their arms, hands, and fingers.

Question 11

The medulla is responsible for higher level thinking and memory.

Question 12

One-month-old infants tend to pay most attention to the "edges" of human faces.

Question 13

Crawling is a critical developmental milestone.

Question 14

Only about 50 percent of Canadian mothers breastfeed their infants beyond 6 months.

Question 15

Infants need more iron in their diet than adults.

Question 16

The cerebellum is the part of the brain that allows for balance and motor control.

Question 17

A child reaches adult levels of visual acuity by about 6 months of age.

Question 18

Children who had been diagnosed with failure to thrive syndrome in infancy were smaller, less cognitively advanced, and more emotionally disturbed than other children.

Question 19

HIV cannot be passed to the infant through breastfeeding.

Question 20

The legs of a newborn will increase in length fivefold by adulthood.

Question 21

Failure to thrive syndrome has been found to be caused by psychological factors only.

Question 22

Infants have more connections among neurons than adults do.

Question 23

Breast milk may reduce the child's risk of certain cancers.

Question 24

The first major growth spurt of the brain occurs during the fourth and fifth months after birth.

Question 25

During the prenatal period, the head is much larger than other parts of the body.

Question 26

Breastfeeding has no health benefits for the mother.

Question 27

Multiple sclerosis damages the myelin sheath in the brain, affecting motor control.

Question 28

Infants are able to control their hips before their feet.

Question 29

Children become more passive in response to their environments as they age.

Question 30

The most dramatic gains in height and weight occur during the first year of life.

Question 31

Unlike physical development, motor development does not follow cephalocaudal and proximodistal patterns.

Question 32

Training has been shown to have moderate to no influence on speeding up motor development.

Question 33

It is as important to restrict infants' intake of fat and cholesterol as it is for adults.

Question 34

Both sensory change and motor changes are linked to the nervous system.

Question 35

Infants can discriminate the sounds of their parent's voices by 3½ months of age

Question 36

It is not until 1 year of age that infants are able to distinguish language sounds that are similar to each other.

Question 37

Sensory changes appear to be linked to maturation of the nervous system

Question 38

Differentiation refers to specific rather than global actions.

Question 39

The human's inborn sensory capacities have not been proven to play a crucial role in perceptual development.

Question 40

The coordination of the senses has been demonstrated in infants as young as 5 months of age.

Question 41

Breast milk has been shown to reduce the risk of allergic responses and diarrhea.

Question 42

At what age does a child acquire the greatest gains in visual acuity?

A) from birth to 6 months of age
B) from 6 to 9 months of age
C) from 9 to 12 months of age
D) after the age of 5 years

Question 43

The growth rates of taller-than-average infants, as a group, tend to slow down; however, the growth rates of shorter than average infants, as a group, tend to speed up.

Question 44

The human brain reaches about half of its adult weight by 1 year of age.

Question 45

The nervous system is a system of nerves involved in heartbeat, visual-motor coordination, but not thought and language.

Question 46

Only nature has an effect on brain development.

Question 47

Crawling infants tend to crawl over the "visual cliff" when given the opportunity.

Question 48

Only nature influences motor development.

Question 49

The palmar grasp develops before the pincer grasp in infants.

Question 50

According to the textbook, what is the current thinking about the development of Olympic-class athletes?

A) Olympic athletes are born, not made.
B) Environment makes all the difference in who will and will not become an Olympian.
C) Even Olympic athletes represent a combination of "good genes" and the right environment.
D) Genetics are more likely to determine male accomplishments than female accomplishments.

Question 51

The introduction of solid foods is not recommended until about 2 to 3 months of age.

Question 52

Dendrites send information on to connecting neurons.

Question 53

Infants prefer to look at human faces over other visual stimuli.

Question 54

A child's growth can be slowed from its genetically predetermined course by many organic factors, including illness and malnutrition.

Question 55

Both nature and nurture have been shown to affect sensory development in children.

Question 56

At what age can infants usually sit up by themselves without assistance?

A) by about 3 months
B) usually around 5 months
C) usually around 7 months
D) usually around 9 to 10 months

Question 57

Most infants can walk by 10 months of age.

Question 58

It is only by 4 months of age that infants can turn their heads in the direction of a sound.

Question 59

Cephalocaudal development goes from feet to head.

Question 60

Newborns have poor peripheral vision and low visual acuity.

Question 61

How do medical professionals define breast milk?

A) "healthy alternative to formula"
B) "medical gold standard"
C) "a portable snack"
D) "an option for low-income families"

Question 62

An infant's arms grow longer than its legs. What development pattern is this type of growth part of?

A) minimalistic development
B) proximodistal development
C) cephalocaudal development
D) differentiation in development

Question 63

At the beginning of the fetal stage, what is the relationship between the size of the head and the length of the body?

A) The head is about 20% the length of the body.
B) The head is about 40% the length of the body.
C) The head is about 50% the length of the body.
D) The head is about 70% the length of the body.

Question 64

In a 2015 report, what percentage of Canadian mothers indicated they had initiated breastfeeding?

A) 27
B) 47
C) 67
D) 89

Question 65

Miriam is excited to watch the development of her newborn baby, Max. Which body parts will Max gain control over first?

A) his legs
B) his arms
C) his head
D) his fingers

Question 66

Why do infants move in a bowlegged fashion when they first start to walk?

A) They need to support the heavy weight of the head and torso.
B) Their legs are not fully developed enough to allow regular walking.
C) Being bowlegged is normal and we all learn not to walk this way.
D) Their myelination is in progress; therefore neural connections are incomplete.

Question 67

Jessica is excited to watch the development of her newborn nephew, Ian. Which physical activity is Ian most likely to do first?

A) hold objects
B) control his fingers
C) lift his head off his crib's mattress
D) make coordinated movements with his feet

Question 68

What finding suggests that nature is crucial in perceptual development?

A) Newborns are unable to visually accommodate.
B) Newborns are born with a variety of sensory preferences.
C) Children whose eyes are patched experience impaired visual acuity.
D) Four-month-olds are able to distinguish between the voices of their mother and father.

Question 69

Why are walking infants known as "toddlers"?

A) They are typically aged 18 to 24 months.
B) It is an affectionate term with no real significance.
C) Their top-heaviness and inexperience leads to frequent falls.
D) It is a Latin term used to describe awkward movement.

Question 70

An infant perceives a door as being the same shape whether it is closed or ajar. What term describes what the infant is experiencing?

A) retinal parity
B) size constancy
C) perceptual constancy
D) intellectual asymmetry

Question 71

According to the Canadian Paediatric Society, for how long should children be breastfed?

A) at least the first 2 weeks
B) at least the first 6 months
C) at least 1 year
D) formulas are just as nutritious

Question 72

Voluntary motor movements require the myelination of which neurons?

A) the neurons in the medulla
B) the neurons in the cerebrum
C) the neurons in the cerebral cortex
D) the neurons of the motor pathways

Question 73

How do formulas compare with breast milk?

A) Formulas are more easily digested than breast milk.
B) Formulas are higher in nutritive value than breast milk.
C) Formulas lack the immune system benefits of breast milk.
D) Formulas are associated with fewer cases of childhood lymphoma than breast milk.

Question 74

Which of the following is a sequence in physical development?

A) hydrospatial development
B) digestive development
C) placental development
D) cephalocaudal development

Question 75

In what order does an infant display movement abilities?

A) sitting up, rolling over, crawling
B) running, walking, crawling, creeping
C) crawling, sitting up, creeping, running
D) rolling over, sitting up, crawling, creeping

Question 76

According to research, by what age do most infants show a distinct preference for curved lines over straight lines?

A) by 2 to 3 months
B) by 5 to 6 months
C) by 7 to 9 months
D) by approximately 12 months

Question 77

When is the myelination of hearing usually completed?

A) within 3 weeks after birth
B) by 6 months of age
C) by age 4
D) by adolescence

Question 78

After an infant's second birthday, the legs begin to grow rapidly and are soon longer than the arms. What type of development is this growth an example of?

A) minimalistic development
B) proximodistal development
C) cephalocaudal development
D) differentiation in development

Question 79

What is the effect of outside influences on motor development?

A) Limiting motor movement impairs motor development.
B) Nurture is the determining factor in the range of a person's motor abilities.
C) Findings are inconsistent on how to enhance or inhibit motor development.
D) Extreme social and physical deprivation can impair motor development

Question 80

Ben is 6 months old. Which activity is he most likely able to do?

A) crawl
B) roll over
C) sit up assisted
D) sit up unassisted