Deck 17: Late Adulthood: Physical and Emotional Development

Question 1

Estrogen provides women with some protection from heart disease.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Both men and women maintain the ability to have orgasm although it may take longer and more effort in late adulthood.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Osteoarthritis is the dominant form of heart disease among those aged 65 and older.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In later adulthood, people have the most difficulty remembering key life events from their teens and early adulthood.

Question 5

Ageism is prejudice against old people.

Question 6

Life expectancy in Canada has dropped in the last decade or so.

Question 7

The risk of cancer increases as people age.

Question 8

Sleep disorders in late adulthood may have psychological underpinnings.

Question 9

Over the last century, life expectancy in Canada has increased. One factor that has led to longer life expectancies is the lower infant mortality rates from infectious diseases.

Question 10

Currently, 1 in 8 people in Canada is over the age of 65.

Question 11

Wise people approach life's problems in a way that addresses the meaning of life.

Question 12

Programmed theories indicate that aging is a result of random genetic errors.

Question 13

Life expectancy is the maximum expected length of life for a member of a species.

Question 14

Men are expected, on average, to live longer lives than women.

Question 15

Many older adults find it more difficult to understand the spoken language.

Question 16

Ardelt believes that wise people tend to possess an unselfish love for others and tend to be less afraid of death.

Question 17

Older people typically refrain from having sex.

Question 18

Men are less likely than women to consult a physician when they are sick.

Question 19

The major cause of death of Canadians age 65 and older is cancer.

Question 20

Erectile dysfunction is inevitable with aging.

Question 21

Life expectancy is the same between provinces, but it varies between the territories.

Question 22

The three major causes of death of Canadians age 65 and older are cancer, heart disease, and accidents.

Question 23

Older people today are more likely to die from chronic diseases such as cancer than from infectious disease such as influenza.

Question 24

Older adults have an easier time recalling implicit memories than explicit memories.

Question 25

Osteoporosis is the third leading cause of death in late adulthood.

Question 26

Alzheimer's disease is a normal developmental process.

Question 27

Lower levels of testosterone in late adulthood may affect men's ability to achieve and maintain an erection.

Question 28

Hasher (2008) ironically suggests that distractibility in late adulthood may have benefits in terms of wisdom.

Question 29

Accidents are the ninth leading cause of death among older Canadians.

Question 30

The stress hormone theory of aging is an example of a cellular damage theory.

Question 31

Most adults over age 65 live either in retirement communities or in nursing homes.

Question 32

Cataracts are often treated with outpatient surgery today.

Question 33

Antioxidants are available in some foods and may combat the damage inflicted by free radicals on the body's cells.

Question 34

Injury from falls by older adults can be prevented by taking simple precautions in the home.

Question 35

Age-related changes in sexuality tend to occur more gradually in women than in men.

Question 36

Aging has more of a detrimental effect on associative memory than on memory for single items.

Question 37

Humans' sense of smell decreases significantly from youth to advanced late adulthood

Question 38

Presbycusis is age-related hearing loss that affects about one person in three over the age of 65.

Question 39

Men are more likely than women to die from accidents, cirrhosis of the liver, strokes, suicide, homicide, HIV/AIDS, and some forms of cancer.

Question 40

Older adults are unable to use cues to help them with prospective memory.

Question 41

Glaucoma is a buildup of fluid pressure inside the eyeball.

Question 42

Most older adults are poor problem solvers.

Question 43

Despite decline in physical functions, older people can lead a fulfilling sex life.

Question 44

All aspects of cognitive skills decline in late adulthood.

Question 45

The effects of Alzheimer's disease range from forgetting recent events to significant confusion to death.

Question 46

As women age, the vagina shrinks and its walls thin.

Question 47

Older adults may be less frequently screened and treated for cancer than younger adults in part because of elder bias.

Question 48

Older adults may become addicted to prescription drugs.

Question 49

Research has shown that 50 years after high school, older adults were able to look at photographs and recognize many of their schoolmates.

Question 50

Bones in the spine, hip, thigh, and forearm are the least vulnerable to bone loss as people age.

Question 51

Telomeres are segments of DNA on the tips of chromosomes that signal that cell division is no longer possible once the cell divides a certain number of times.

Question 52

Substance abuse is rare in late adulthood.

Question 53

In older adulthood, nipple erection is less common when a woman is sexually aroused.

Question 54

When confronted with interpersonal conflict, older adults tend to get angry easily.

Question 55

Older adults tend to be more distractible than young adults.

Question 56

There is only one kind of arthritis.

Question 57

Chronic diseases or degenerative processes, such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer, lead to disability or premature death, and are thus considered to be a part of normal aging.

Question 58

Alzheimer's disease can be cured.

Question 59

Many of the physical changes in older women relating to sexuality stem from a decline in estrogen production.

Question 60

According to the wear-and-tear theory, the body will wear out after being used long enough.

Question 61

Jennifer's mother has been diagnosed as having cataracts. What would the diagnosing doctor most likely tell her?

A) They are untreatable.
B) They cause hearing problems.
C) They cloud the lenses in the eyes.
D) They are caused by increased fluid pressure in the eyeball.

Question 62

Which statement best characterizes "life expectancy"?

A) It is the same as lifespan.
B) It is determined by genetics alone.
C) It refers to the duration of time a member of a species can live.
D) It is the number of years a person will likely live.

Question 63

Which statement best represents the cross-linking theory?

A) Body proteins stiffen with age.
B) Calorie restrictions cause aging.
C) Aging is a result of overabundant free radicals.
D) Aging is a result of programmed breakdowns in the cells of the body.

Question 64

In which of the following circumstances is the age-related decline in prospective memory the greatest?

A) when distractors are present, and attention is negatively impacted
B) when memory cues are plentiful
C) when the task is critical for one's well-being
D) when interfering information overwhelms the ability to focus

Question 65

Which of the following affects 50% of Canadians 65 years of age and older?

A) stroke
B) hypertension
C) congestive heart failure
D) coronary artery disease

Question 66

Which statement best represents the treatments for Alzheimer's disease?

A) Treatments include caloric restriction and use of antioxidants.
B) Alzheimer's disease has been cured in many patients.
C) The dementia that results from Alzheimer's disease is irreversible.
D) Treatments are still in the early stages and are unpredictable with a guarded prognosis.

Question 67

Which statement best characterizes diabetes?

A) It is an infectious disease.
B) It is a disease of young people.
C) It has seen a drop in the prevalence for adults 65 years and over.
D) It is the fifth leading cause of death in adults 65 years and over.

Question 68

Which statement best describes the stages in the progression of Alzheimer's disease?

A) They begin subtly and end in death.
B) They are unpredictable.
C) They are different for everyone who gets it.
D) They are treatable if diagnosed early enough.

Question 69

How do our bones change during late adulthood?

A) The changes result primarily from poor nutrition.
B) They become denser.
C) They become more brittle.
D) They toughen, making them more difficult to fracture.

Question 70

Which of the following is characteristic of changes in sensory functioning in late adulthood?

A) Hearing low-pitched voices becomes more difficult.
B) Taste sensitivity becomes heightened and less seasoning is required.
C) The sense of smell is heightened
D) Taste buds are lost.

Question 71

Which of the following is a treatment for osteoarthritis?

A) beta-blockers
B) chemotherapy
C) anti-inflammatory drugs
D) herbal teas and rubs

Question 72

Meredith is 80 years old. Which statement is most likely to characterize her sexuality?

A) Her sexuality will disappear.
B) It is unimportant in her life.
C) It may be fulfilling for many more years.
D) It is unaffected by physical or psychological changes.

Question 73

Which of the following may have contributed to an increase in the spread of sexually transmitted infections among older adults?

A) dormant infections
B) social anxiety
C) lack of education
D) online dating

Question 74

Which statement best represents the onset of dementia?

A) It is a naturally occurring result of aging.
B) It is caused only by genetic factors.
C) It is most often caused by Alzheimer's disease.
D) It can be prevented or halted if diagnosed early.

Question 75

Which statement best characterizes the prevalence of chronic illnesses in older adults?

A) Chronic diseases are rare.
B) One out of five people over age 65 has a chronic illness.
C) Most adults over age 65 have severe chronic diseases.
D) Hypertension is the chronic illness that impacts more than half of older Canadians.

Question 76

Life expectancy in Canada has increased over the last 100 years. Which of the following has contributed to his increase?

A) a revised Canada Food Guide
B) improved public health measures
C) lower birth rate
D) extended family support

Question 77

Which statement best describes telomeres?

A) They support the cellular damage theory.
B) They are present only in the cells of nonmammals.
C) They are environmental toxins that build up in cells over time.
D) They are tips of chromosomes that divide as one ages and will stop at a predetermined time.

Question 78

Which statement best characterizes Alzheimer's disease?

A) It is curable if diagnosed early enough.
B) It rarely leads to death in later adulthood.
C) It is a progressive disease that causes dementia.
D) It affects approximately 40% of Canadians.

Question 79

Which statement best characterizes the cellular clock theory of aging?

A) Everyone has the exact same rate of aging
B) It is contradicted by the presence of telomeres.
C) Cells can divide only a certain number of times.
D) Cells from longer-lived species divide fewer times than cells from shorter-lived species.

Question 80

Which of the following was found by experiments with younger and older adults who were asked to solve math problems?

A) Younger adults used fewer strategies but displayed faster processing speed in solving complex math problems.
B) Younger adults used more strategies but were slower in solving complex math problems.
C) Older adults used fewer strategies and displayed slower processing speed in solving complex math problems.
D) Older adults used more strategies but were slower in solving complex math problems.