Deck 14: Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Question 1

Havighurst's (1972) developmental tasks are still relevant for all young adults today.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Women are more likely to divorce if they have cohabited before marriage.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

People are more likely to be attracted to people who reciprocate positive feelings.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Parents are often depressed after the birth of a child because of work overload.

Question 5

Most people who get married expect to stay together for the rest of their lives.

Question 6

Studies have found that the mothers in dual-earner families encounter more stress than the fathers do.

Question 7

Monogamous marriage involves two people.

Question 8

The concept of "like marrying like" is termed homogamy.

Question 9

Many people remain lonely because of dread of rejection.

Question 10

The establishment and maintenance of social relationships are key goals of personality development for men.

Question 11

Satisfaction with one's career is unrelated to marital satisfaction.

Question 12

In Levinson's theory of the seasons of life, the early twenties are commonly characterized by reassessment: "Where is my life going?" "Why am I doing this?"

Question 13

Fatuous love is considered the most stable sort of love, according to Sternberg's triangular theory of love.

Question 14

Attractiveness is primarily impacted by genetic factors for both men and women.

Question 15

Lonely people are less likely to have effective social skills than other people who are less lonely.

Question 16

Consummate love is considered the ideal type of love in Western society.

Question 17

Supporters of arranged marriages believe they are less likely to end in divorce.

Question 18

Susan is married to a man who has multiple wives. His marital situation is best described by the term cohabitor.

Question 19

Romantic love has been identified as a cognitive appraisal of physiological arousal.

Question 20

Same-sex marriages are legal throughout Canada today.

Question 21

Canada lags behind most developed countries where LGTBQ rights are concerned.

Question 22

Cleanliness and good teeth are more important qualities in a potential mate for men than for women.

Question 23

Loneliness is related to both physical health problems and depression.

Question 24

Many young adults play jealousy games.

Question 25

Approximately 25% of lone parent families are headed by men.

Question 26

According to Erikson, a strong sense of identity develops out of one's intimate relationships with others.

Question 27

Divorce may cause physical and mental health problems.

Question 28

In the past few years, the use of the term "shacking up" has increased in an effort to remove the stigma of cohabitating.

Question 29

Having a baby will strengthen a weak marriage.

Question 30

Those who choose to cohabit prior to marriage tend to be very religious and traditional in attitudes about marriage.

Question 31

Features such as good hair and teeth are universally appealing to men and women in potential partners.

Question 32

Standards of beauty are culture specific.

Question 33

Romantic love is a 20th century invention.

Question 34

Cohabitation prior to marriage causes divorce.

Question 35

In 2011, approximately 15% of households represented single Canadians.

Question 36

According to evolutionary theory, men are valued as providers for offspring, while women are valued for their reproductive capacity.

Question 37

Increased cohabitation and the pursuit of educational goals are two reasons why more young adults are single than in the past.

Question 38

In Sternberg's triangular theory of love, it is more important to have passion than intimacy.

Question 39

The psychosocial conflict identified by Erikson for early adulthood is intimacy vs. isolation.

Question 40

The nature of romantic relationships and the satisfaction of the partners strongly affect the well-being of each member of the couple at various stages throughout adulthood.

Question 41

In Sternberg's triangular theory of love, couples are well matched if they possess corresponding levels of passion, intimacy, and commitment.

Question 42

Infatuation, or passionate love, includes sexual desire without intimacy and commitment.

Question 43

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, passionate love is rarely compatible with friendship.

Question 44

A study has shown that marital satisfaction tends to decline during the first year after a baby is born.

Question 45

Canadians are most likely to report that marrying is important for those who wish to spend their lives together and have children.

Question 46

Social attitudes impact explicit attraction toward those with physical disabilities.

Question 47

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, in companionate love, intimacy and commitment are strong, but passion is lacking.

Question 48

Research on attraction and mate selection supports the idea that "opposites attract" more than "birds of a feather flock together."

Question 49

People are more attracted to those who smile.

Question 50

Polyamory is common in Canada today.

Question 51

Separation from one's parents and individuation are considered important tasks for early adulthood.

Question 52

In more traditional societies, parents report having children to strengthen marital bonds, provide social security, assist with labour, and improve the odds of reincarnation.

Question 53

Of all marriages in Canada, 20 to 25% will end in divorce.

Question 54

Sternberg's triangular theory of love includes intimacy, passion, and commitment as important components.

Question 55

A young adult's employment and financial independence can reduce feelings of connectedness with parents, whereas attending college or university can maintain these feelings.

Question 56

If one marital partner drinks heavily, marital satisfaction declines.

Question 57

When the mother and father agree on parenting workload distribution, they are more likely to experience less stress.

Question 58

Recent years have seen a sharp increase in the numbers of single young adults in our society.

Question 59

Levinson, in his theory of seasons of life, suggested that men and women experience different levels of social constraints affecting their entry into adulthood.

Question 60

Havighurst's (1972) list of developmental tasks for early adulthood has been criticized for being heteronormative.

Question 61

Which of the following is a cause of loneliness?

A) completing post-secondary education
B) upward career mobility
C) lack of empathy
D) lack of individual differentiation

Question 62

Research supports the hypothesis that people tend to develop romantic relationships with people who are similar to themselves in attractiveness and other traits, such as personality.

Question 63

Which component of Sternberg's triangular theory of love involves intense romantic or sexual desire?

A) passion
B) intimacy
C) reciprocity
D) commitment

Question 64

What addition might one make to the list of developmental tasks of early adulthood created by Havighurst (1972), which would reflect the reality of today's young adults?

A) separation from one's family of origin
B) choosing and courting a mate
C) assuming civic responsibilities
D) starting a family and becoming a parent

Question 65

Mark and Mary met three months ago and just returned from a "romantic" wedding in Vegas. What term would Steinberg use to describe their love?

A) empty love
B) fatuous love
C) infatuation
D) romantic love

Question 66

Few single people report being lonely.

Question 67

According to research conducted by John Gottman, what is the critical time at which half of all marriages that are going to end do end?

A) within the first 18 months of the marriage
B) within the first 7 years of the marriage
C) between 10 and 15 years
D) between 20 and 25 years

Question 68

Loneliness is rare in early adulthood.

Question 69

Those who cohabit do it primarily for economic reasons.

Question 70

According to Erikson, what stage of development occurs during early adulthood?

A) the intimacy vs. despair stage
B) the identity vs. intimacy stage
C) the intimacy vs. isolation stage
D) the identity vs. identify confusion stage

Question 71

Which statement best characterizes dual-earner families?

A) Mothers are more likely than fathers to drop out of their jobs when problems occur in the family.
B) Although fathers are expected to change their working arrangements to stay home with their children, the reality is that mothers are most likely to do so.
C) Fathers tend to be responsible for the child-care arrangements.
D) In time, both fathers and mothers experience enhanced work and marital satisfaction.

Question 72

Jealousy is always considered to be destructive.

Question 73

When Janet described her new relationship with Jim, she focused on her overwhelming sexual desire. Which part of Sternberg's triangular theory of love is most evident in her relationship?

A) passion
B) desire
C) intimacy
D) commitment

Question 74

Which statement best represents the evolutionary theory of attractiveness?

A) Men select women on the basis of their economic appeal.
B) Women choose men on the basis of their ability to raise children.
C) Women and men prefer mates on the basis of their biological clocks.
D) Men and women choose partners on the basis of their reproductive potential.

Question 75

What did Kishnick's research on attractiveness reveal about the cultural impact on attractiveness?

A) Features of physical attractiveness have been hard-wired into brains for thousands of years.
B) Qualities thought to be attractive are adapted based on local environment.
C) Attractiveness is determined at birth and held as static throughout one's life.
D) Level of physical attractiveness is determined by males in most societies.

Question 76

Levinson, in his theory of the seasons of life, considers the ages of 17 to 33 to be the entry phase of adulthood for young men.

Question 77

Being single today stigmatizes young adults more so than in the past.

Question 78

Problems in the workplace contributed to tension in marriage, health problems, and dissatisfaction with the relationship.

Question 79

If you hold traditional views of marriage and gender roles, you will be less likely to cohabit.

Question 80

Which of the following statements best reflects the experience of stress in dual-earner families?

A) On average, men experience more stress than women.
B) Balancing childcare with work plays a big role in the stress of the mother.
C) Having a flexible schedule causes more stress for the mother by making her life unpredictable.
D) Stress increases when elderly dependent parents are involved.