Deck 11: Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development

Question 1

Gonads include the ovaries and testes.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Of the teens reporting having used or abused prescription drugs, 20% did so before age 14.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Most males stop gaining in height at approximately age 20.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Genetic differences alone have been shown to account for gender differences in mathematical and language abilities.

Question 5

In Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning, morality is judged based on whether or not one follows the rules.

Question 6

Girls are usually fertile immediately after their first menstrual period.

Question 7

Many teen deaths are a result of high-risk behaviours.

Question 8

While girls add more height during puberty on average than boys, boys add more fat on average than girls.

Question 9

By age 14, most adolescents demonstrate postconventional moral reasoning.

Question 10

Forty percent of adolescent deaths are due to accidents.

Question 11

Moral reasoning and moral behaviour are unrelated.

Question 12

The most consistent gender difference in adolescence is that boys outperform girls in math.

Question 13

The concept of the imaginary audience is actively demonstrated by youth during adolescents.

Question 14

In Canada, the rate of high-school dropouts has increased significantly since the 1990s.

Question 15

Early maturing girls are less anxious and more confident than their peers.

Question 16

"Everyone is watching what I do" is an example of a personal fable.

Question 17

Postconventional morality requires formal operational thinking.

Question 18

Research has shown that adolescent employment has only detrimental effects on those who work.

Question 19

Most middle-schoolers show an increase in self-esteem and academic achievement when switching from elementary school.

Question 20

Boys reach puberty, on average, earlier than girls.

Question 21

The personal fable is another example of adolescent egocentrism.

Question 22

Levels of body fat may trigger the onset of puberty in girls.

Question 23

Early maturing girls tend to have higher academic achievement.

Question 24

Holland's career typology showed the link between success in a career and one's motivation levels.

Question 25

The ovaries, vagina, uterus, and fallopian tubes are primary sex characteristics of females.

Question 26

No evidence exists to support Kohlberg's view that the moral judgments of children develop in an upward sequence.

Question 27

Most teenagers in Canada get enough vitamins and minerals in their diets.

Question 28

During puberty, the hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to release hormones that control physical growth and the gonads

Question 29

Delinquency and substance abuse are linked to dropping out of school.

Question 30

Eating disorders are related to feelings of depression.

Question 31

Bulimia nervosa is characterized by recurrent cycles of binge eating and purging

Question 32

Body image and self-esteem are unrelated in adolescence.

Question 33

The secondary sex characteristics of boys develop simultaneously.

Question 34

Estrogen is responsible for acne problems during adolescence.

Question 35

The secular trend is increasing in Canada.

Question 36

There are no disadvantages to being an early-maturing boy.

Question 37

Adolescents may be awkward and gawky due to asynchronous growth

Question 38

In preconventional morality, children base moral judgments on the consequences of their behaviour.

Question 39

Very few teens report having had conversations with their parents about the dangers of misusing prescription drugs.

Question 40

Research on Kohlberg's theory has shown no cultural variations in moral reasoning.

Question 41

Anorexia nervosa is associated with severe weight loss and extreme fear of gaining weight.

Question 42

Puberty is defined as development between the ages of 13 and 18.

Question 43

According to the text, what is the current trend for high school dropout rates?

A) increasing for males who live in rural areas
B) remaining steady for the past decade
C) increasing along with substance abuse
D) declining along with teenage pregnancy rates

Question 44

Approximately what percentage of teens misuse or abuse prescription drugs?

A) 25
B) 8
C) 15
D) 30

Question 45

Which statement best characterizes bulimia?

A) It is another name for anorexia.
B) It is related to irregular menstrual cycles.
C) It is an eating disorder found more often in men than in women.
D) It affects older women more often than adolescents or young women.

Question 46

Adolescence is a time of storm and stress for most adolescents.

Question 47

Mature sperm are found in the ejaculate of most boys by around age 10.

Question 48

Whereas estrogen levels remain stable throughout puberty, levels of testosterone vary dramatically each month during puberty.

Question 49

The personal fable of adolescents may be linked with risky behaviour.

Question 50

On average, boys develop language skills earlier than girls.

Question 51

Formal operational thinking involves abstract and hypothetical concepts.

Question 52

Eating disorders are more common among males than females.

Question 53

Nathan is given Erector sets and Lego to play with. On measurements of visual-spatial ability, he outperforms all of his sisters (even those who are older). Which of the following might be suggested by his visual-spatial ability?

A) Nathan's success is the result of his keen interest and has little to do with ability.
B) Playing with stereotypical "boy" toys enhances natural abilities.
C) Nathan, like other boys, is simply better at these tasks than his sisters.
D) Stereotypical "boy" toys may provide more experience with visual-spatial tasks.

Question 54

Deepening of the voice is a secondary sex characteristic.

Question 55

Which statement best describes the nutritional requirements of active, adolescent boys?

A) They should increase their caloric intake to more than 5000 calories per day to thrive.
B) They are able to consume more than 3000 calories per day without gaining weight.
C) They should monitor their fat intake in order to avoid obesity.
D) They are able to sustain activity on a diet of less than 2000 calories per day.

Question 56

The secular trend is historical trend toward increasing adult height and an earlier onset of puberty.

Question 57

What stops the female growth spurt during adolescence?

A) estrogen
B) testosterone
C) the onset of menstruation
D) completion of breast development

Question 58

Estrogen stimulates breast and fatty tissue growth in females.

Question 59

Understanding metaphors is possible with concrete operational thought.

Question 60

Early maturing boys tend to be more popular than later-maturing boys.

Question 61

Why do men aged 20 to 21 stop growing taller?

A) Testosterone causes epiphyseal closure.
B) The hypothalamus triggers a reduction in cortisol production.
C) The thalamus signals a reduction in the development of calcium.
D) The production of estrogen keeps the bones from growing any longer.

Question 62

What percentage of 16-year-olds can be expected to reach Stage 6 moral reasoning?

A) 5
B) 20
C) 50
D) 95

Question 63

Which statement best describes adolescents' nutritional needs?

A) Adolescents need twice as much calcium as adults need, but only half as much vitamin A.
B) Adolescents often do not receive as much nutrition as they need.
C) Adolescents need fewer vitamins and minerals compared with young children.
D) Adolescents require less calcium as adults, but more iron.

Question 64

What is a major achievement of formal operational thinking?

A) conservation
B) putting objects in order
C) idea production
D) hypothetical thought

Question 65

Which statement best characterizes early maturing girls, compared with later-maturing girls?

A) They have higher self-esteem than later-maturing girls.
B) They achieve higher grades than their later-maturing counterparts.
C) They have fewer conduct problems than later-maturing girls.
D) They more likely to engage in sexual activity than later-maturing girls.

Question 66

As children mature, how do their career aspirations compare with their earlier years?

A) They are more rigid.
B) They are more diverse.
C) They are more realistic.
D) They are more conservative.

Question 67

Which of the following best represents the secular trend?

A) The onset of puberty occurs later than in past generations.
B) There has been a historical trend toward increasing adult height.
C) Individuals having a longer life span than those in previous generations.
D) Growth rates are culturally driven, depending on religious and cultural lifestyle and diet.

Question 68

Jennifer has bulimia. When is she most likely to experience binge eating?

A) following food restriction, such as dieting
B) following physical exercise
C) prior to a date
D) following an emotionally painful experience

Question 69

Which statement best describes teenage employment?

A) It can be detrimental to school performance.
B) Working adolescents are significantly less likely to get into trouble.
C) It correlates with good grades; as work hours increase, so do school grades.
D) Working longer hours is related to a decreased likelihood of ingesting drugs and alcohol.

Question 70

Alexis realizes that she does NOT need to believe in the truth or justice of something in order to argue for it. What can we assume about Alexis?

A) She is in the stage of formal operations.
B) She is likely to be 10 years old.
C) She is in the stage of concrete operations.
D) She is in the stage of abstract operations.

Question 71

According to Holland, socially oriented people, who tend to be outgoing and are concerned for social welfare, gravitate toward occupations in which fields?

A) teaching and counselling
B) the visual and performing arts
C) government and social organizations
D) university teaching and research positions

Question 72

According to Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory, why should students wait until high school before studying geometry?

A) Children in earlier grades are unable handle the concrete nature of the problems.
B) Geometry requires abstract thinking which may be difficult for younger children.
C) Geometry requires conservation of mass, which is a difficult concept for younger children.
D) Geometry requires the concept of the imaginary audience, which is not achieved until adolescence.

Question 73

Olivia is worried about what to wear today, and she is convinced that her girlfriends are also thinking about her clothes. What term describes Olivia's worries?

A) a personal fable
B) concrete thinking
C) deductive reasoning
D) the imaginary audience

Question 74

What eating disorder is characterized by cycles of bingeing and purging?

A) anorexia
B) bulimia
C) nervosa
D) enuresis

Question 75

What is the function of the gonads?

A) They secrete oxytocin.
B) They produce sex hormones.
C) They deactivate the hypothalamus.
D) They signal the pituitary gland.

Question 76

What causes the vagina to develop during puberty?

A) the pituitary gland
B) the adrenal glands
C) estrogen
D) genetics

Question 77

Jennifer, who is 8 years old, is thinking at the concrete operational level. Which of the following best explains why Jennifer might have difficulty with X + Y = 7?

A) She cannot think logically.
B) She cannot think abstractly.
C) She cannot use conservation.
D) She cannot think of two dimensions at the same time.

Question 78

Which statement best describes the impact of asynchronous growth?

A) Terry and Tom are both larger than their parents.
B) Sarah is taller than her brother.
C) Jeremy's pants fit him, but he continues to outgrow his shirts.
D) Tonya's clothing is too large on her.

Question 79

Precocious puberty (PP) is happening more often in Canada. What is PP?

A) the onset of puberty before age 5 or 6 in girls, and before age 7 in boys
B) the onset of puberty before age 7 or 8 in girls, and before age 9 in boys
C) the onset of puberty before age 9 or 10 in girls, and before age 11 in boys
D) the onset of puberty before after 12 or 13 in girls, and before age 14 in boys

Question 80

Which disorder is characterized by an intense fear of being overweight and is accompanied by an aversion to eating enough to maintain a healthy weight?

A) anorexia
B) bulimia
C) nervosa
D) enuresis