Deck 16: Whats Ahead for Health Psychology

Question 1

Match the following terms with their descriptions .
Predicts how long a person is likely to live after receiving treatment.

A)cost-benefit ratio
B)ecological momentary assessment
C)bioethics committees
D)stages of change model
E)quality-adjusted life years scale

Answer 1

quality-adjusted life years scale

Question 2

The cognitive and behavioural approaches psychologists use to change health behaviours have been found to be relatively ineffective in producing initial change.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Match the following groups with the appropriate characteristics listed IN .
Use health services more than other groups.

A)18 to 60 year old white North American males
B)the very young and very elderly
C)children and adolescents
D)adults and the elderly
E)women

Answer 3

the very young and very elderly

Question 4

Extensive research has been done on how health beliefs and habits develop during childhood and adolescence.

Question 5

Calculating financial costs and benefits of interventions are standard practice for psychologists.

Question 6

Match the following terms with their descriptions .
Deals with questions regarding the patient's right to choose treatments.

A)cost-benefit ratio
B)ecological momentary assessment
C)bioethics committees
D)stages of change model
E)quality-adjusted life years scale

Question 7

Match the following groups with the appropriate characteristics listed IN .
Neglected in health research until the 1980s.

A)18 to 60 year old white North American males
B)the very young and very elderly
C)children and adolescents
D)adults and the elderly
E)women

Question 8

The quality-adjusted life years scale is useful in determining the value of different treatments.

Question 9

Match the following terms with their descriptions .
Method which allows researchers to examine people's behaviour and feelings in daily life.

A)cost-benefit ratio
B)ecological momentary assessment
C)bioethics committees
D)stages of change model
E)quality-adjusted life years scale

Question 10

There will likely be no need for health psychologists to expand our current definition of health.

Question 11

The field of health psychology has adequately addressed the complex health issues of sexual minority groups such as gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people.

Question 12

Match the following groups with the appropriate characteristics listed IN .
Historically, the most frequently recruited subjects in research studies.

A)18 to 60 year old white North American males
B)the very young and very elderly
C)children and adolescents
D)adults and the elderly
E)women

Question 13

The "bottom line" issues in deciding whether to offer wellness programs or psychosocial interventions are efficacy and cost benefit ratio.

Question 14

A patient's right to choose or withdraw treatment may be discussed in a hospital's bioethics committee.

Question 15

Match the following terms with their descriptions .
The steps in people's readiness to change health related behaviours.

A)cost-benefit ratio
B)ecological momentary assessment
C)bioethics committees
D)stages of change model
E)quality-adjusted life years scale

Question 16

Match the following groups with the appropriate characteristics listed IN .
Possess ingrained and difficult-to-change health related values.

A)18 to 60 year old white North American males
B)the very young and very elderly
C)children and adolescents
D)adults and the elderly
E)women

Question 17

From 1974 to 1985, the number of psychologists working in health care more than doubled.

Question 18

In medical settings today, psychologists work mainly on the administration and interpretation of psychological tests.

Question 19

Match the following groups with the appropriate characteristics listed IN .
The formation of health beliefs and habits occurs in these groups.

A)18 to 60 year old white North American males
B)the very young and very elderly
C)children and adolescents
D)adults and the elderly
E)women

Question 20

Match the following terms with their descriptions .
Assesses extent to which providing an intervention saves more money than it costs.

A)cost-benefit ratio
B)ecological momentary assessment
C)bioethics committees
D)stages of change model
E)quality-adjusted life years scale

Question 21

The measurement known as quality-adjusted life years, or QALY's, allows health care planners and patients to

A) make decisions regarding the value of different treatments.
B) measure past quality of life.
C) calculate the number of years a patient is expected to live.
D) calculate the cost of treatment.

Question 22

Which of the following environmental issues would not be addressed by a psychologist

A) The effects of crowded and noisy environments.
B) The reduction of harmful environmental conditions.
C) The effects on health of pollutants.
D) The development of less toxic industrial by products.

Question 23

Physicians may be resistant to being taught "people skills", according to Christensen and Levinson (1991), because

A) they tend to not see such skills as part of medicine.
B) such skills are best taught by psychologists.
C) "people skills" are considered too time consuming.
D) such efforts are not cost effective.

Question 24

Which of the following are recognized as problems encountered by health psychologists when conducting a cost-benefit analysis

A) They have never been trained on how to conduct them.
B) Although costs might be more easily assessed, the full benefits of a program are difficult to determine.
C) Most psychosocial interventions appear to produce more costs than benefits.
D) Health psychologists are unlikely to view this type of analysis as important.

Question 25

Which of the following is not a prominent site of employment for psychologists

A) Colleges and universities.
B) Medical schools.
C) Health maintenance organizations.
D) All of the above are places where psychologists commonly work.

Question 26

Which statement best describes the status of the study of gender differences in health psychology until the 1980s

A) Most health research focused entirely on women.
B) Most health research studied men's and women's issues in equal proportion.
C) Health issues relating to women and gender differences were neglected.
D) The mechanisms for health behaviours were found to have no gender effect.

Question 27

This chapter starts with a section devoted to illness prevention. Summarize the ways that health psychologists contribute to prevention efforts.

Question 28

According to the text, which of the following two advances since the mid-1980s are likely to influence future efforts to prevent illness

A) The increase of chronic illness and improved physician-patient interactions.
B) Improved community prevention programs and more effective cognitive-behavioural interventions.
C) More effective medical interventions and improved cost containment efforts.
D) New theories that explain health behaviours and the development of Internet sites that provide medical information.

Question 29

Which of the following are among the reasons that, prior to 1970, psychological services were viewed as tangential to the medical needs of patients

A) Psychologists tended to have little training in physiological systems, medical illnesses and treatment.
B) The biopsychosocial approach was not recognized by the medical community yet.
C) Psychologists had little background with the organization and protocol of hospital settings.
D) all of the above

Question 30

Psychologists may differ from physicians in style of communication in that psychologists

A) prefer to communicate through notes in the hospital chart.
B) prefer to talk directly to the physician in order to communicate issues regarding patient care.
C) are more concerned with tests performed and the results of those tests.
D) are more recommendation oriented.

Question 31

An expensive dental hygiene program at a work site was discontinued after it was found to be cheaper to just pay for the dental insurance. The reason for its discontinuation was due to

A) the prevention model.
B) the stages of change model.
C) cost benefit analysis.
D) efficacy analysis.

Question 32

The textbook suggests the use of telemedicine will

A) occur only via the Internet.
B) be used for information delivery as well as diagnostic and treatment services.
C) be difficult and costly to develop.
D) not be useful in the practice of medicine.

Question 33

How is the function of health psychologists in medical settings likely to change in the future

A) They are likely to be restricted to administering and interpreting psychological tests of emotional and cognitive functioning only.
B) The number of services and activities in which they engage is likely to expand.
C) They will be asked to train medical students and interns to administer coping interventions but will not conduct these programs themselves.
D) They are most likely to only be consultants to medical personnel.

Question 34

The best time to teach behaviours such as proper diets, exercise, dental care and seat belt use is

A) prenatal period
B) early childhood
C) late childhood
D) adolescence

Question 35

Which of the following statements regarding sociocultural and cross-cultural research is TRUE

A) The mechanisms underlying sociocultural differences in health habits are clearly understood.
B) Explicit conclusions can be drawn regarding practices that promote health-protective behaviours.
C) A comprehensive body of current research concerning cross-cultural research on health and illness exists.
D) Many countries with people who could benefit from changing their behavioural risk factors have not recognized the principles of health psychology.

Question 36

According to the text, one of the difficulties with deciding whether to administer psychosocial interventions is that

A) program efficacy tends not to be assessed.
B) agencies tend to be more interested in costs than program efficacy.
C) the full benefits of an intervention are often difficult to define and assess.
D) the costs of interventions are almost always much higher than the benefits.

Question 37

A weight loss program at a work site was discontinued after all of the participants actually gained weight. The reason for its discontinuation would be problems with its

A) prevention model.
B) stages of change model.
C) cost benefit analysis.
D) efficacy.

Question 38

The set of actions which an individual undertakes when an illness is identified and treatment starts are called

A) health behaviours
B) illness behaviours
C) sick role behaviours
D) efficacy behaviours

Question 39

Which of the following statements regarding euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide is NOT true

A) Euthanasia is legal in the Netherlands.
B) In the United States, no laws currently allow for either euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide.
C) In the future, psychologists will very likely to be asked to assess patients' emotional status and decision-making capabilities in such cases.
D) Concerns over patients' level of depression have been a significant part of the debate in the medical community.

Question 40

Kimiko, who suffered from the final stages of a painful cancer, arranged for someone to purchase carbon monoxide for her, and put a mask attached to the canister over her face. She insisted on turning the dial which released the gas by herself. This situation is best described as

A) murder.
B) euthanasia.
C) a cost-benefit analysis.
D) assisted suicide.

Question 41

Pick one of the controversies described in this chapter and discuss its relevance to health psychology.

Question 42

The textbook suggests a number of changes that need to occur in health psychology to increase our understanding of health and illness in different populations. Discuss 2 of his suggestions.

Question 43

As a student in a Health Psychology course, you may have been contemplating a career in this discipline. Using information from this chapter as support (i.e., areas of study, interesting challenges for the discipline), are you inclined to pursue such a career

Question 44

What differences have or still need to be addressed to increase health psychologists' acceptance in medical settings

Question 45

You are an advisor in a psychology department and have an advisee that wants to know more about health psychology. What can you tell this student