Deck 7: Be an Effective Leader and Follower

Question 1

There is usually one right solution when it comes to leadership.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Followership is how individuals choose to engage with leaders in the leadership process. It represents an individual's capacity or willingness to follow a leader.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Contingency theories try to predict leadership efficiency.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Follower role orientation refers to the tendency to attribute organizational outcomes (both good and bad) to the acts and doings of leaders.

Question 5

The trait approach to leadership assumes that if we can identify particular and socially desirable traits, we can select individuals for leadership positions based on their natural tendencies.

Question 6

Shared leadership is a dynamic, interactive influence in which individuals lead together to achieve group and organizational goals.

Question 7

Relations-oriented behavior involves providing direction and enforcing performance standards needed to drive production.

Question 8

Behavioral approaches to the study of leadership focus on identifying patterns and categories of relevant leadership behavior and examining the effectiveness of these behaviors.

Question 9

In order to find out if leaders have a certain trait, you should examine their behaviors.

Question 10

Formal leadership is exerted by persons who become influential due to special skills or their ability to meet the needs of others.

Question 11

Common sense would tell us that not all traits or behaviors of leaders are positively related to effectiveness all the time. Instead, whether a leader behavior is effective or not will depend on the situation.

Question 12

Early findings using the trait approach were very successful because researchers looked for significant correlations between traits and leadership outcomes instead of focusing on mediating variables.

Question 13

Informal leadership is exerted by persons who become influential due to special skills or their ability to meet the needs of others.

Question 14

Constructive follower orientation is the extent to which one accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.

Question 15

Leadership identity construction means that leadership is constructed and produced in social and relational interactions among people acting in context.

Question 16

Identity grants occur when people bestow the identity of a leader or a follower on another person.

Question 17

Co-leadership represents views of leadership not as a property of individuals and their behaviors but as a social phenomenon constructed in interaction.

Question 18

Implicit leadership theories are the attributes we associate with leaders and followers and our beliefs about what makes them effective.

Question 19

Task-oriented behavior involves concern for relationships and socioemotional support.

Question 20

Contingency views of leadership recognize that the effectiveness of a particular leadership approach depends on the demands of a situation.

Question 21

Which process involves individuals negotiating identities as leaders and followers?

A) Identity granting
B) Identity claiming
C) Role implementation
D) Role-finding
E) Co-leading

Question 22

Charisma is a special personal quality or attractiveness that enables an individual to influence others.

Question 23

Which type of leadership is exerted by persons who become influential due to special skills or their ability to meet the needs of others?

A) Equivalence leadership
B) Idiosyncrasy leadership
C) Informal leadership
D) Constructed leadership
E) Formal leadership

Question 24

Contingent rewards represent the exchange of rewards for mutually agreed-upon goal accomplishment.

Question 25

Transformational leadership involves a focus on exchanging valued goods in return for something leaders want.

Question 26

Which of the following theories represents preconceived notions about prototypical and antiprototypical followership behaviors and characteristics?

A) Leader-member exchange theories
B) Implicit followership theories
C) Implicit leadership theories
D) Informal leadership theories
E) Social exchange theories

Question 27

Transactional leadership involves inspirational relationships in which both leaders and followers are positively transformed in the process.

Question 28

Which of the following refers to actions people take to assert their identity as a leader or follower?

A) Identity granting
B) Identity claiming
C) Balanced processing
D) Constructive resistance
E) Co-leading

Question 29

__________ refers to actions people take to bestow the identity of a leader or follower onto another person.

A) Identity granting
B) Identity claiming
C) Trusting
D) Following
E) Balanced processing

Question 30

Which of the following views followership as an active role in which a follower expresses opinions, takes initiative, asks constructive questions, and challenges others, including the leader?

A) Follower role orientation
B) Leadership orientation
C) Power distance orientation
D) Proactive follower orientation
E) Social construction

Question 31

A socialized charismatic power orientation is a focus on power for collective (e.g., societal) rather than personal benefit.

Question 32

Which of the following is generated when two or more people who depend on one another work together in an influence relationship to get things done?

A) Interest
B) Leadership
C) Norms of reciprocity
D) Power distance orientation
E) Immediacy

Question 33

The central argument of behavioral leadership theories is that situational factors moderate the association between a manager's leadership style and his or her effectiveness.

Question 34

Jason is appointed to a position of official authority in his organization. Which of the following characteristics is Jason likely to exhibit in the new position?

A) Informal leadership
B) Followership
C) Formal leadership
D) Equivalence
E) Romance of leadership

Question 35

Laissez-faire leadership involves abdicating responsibilities and avoiding decisions.

Question 36

Normative theory is the study of ethical problems and challenges distinctive to and inherent in the processes, practices, and outcomes of leading and following.

Question 37

Operational leadership occurs in formal, managerial roles and focuses on alignment and control aimed at driving business results.

Question 38

In complex adaptive systems, coordination and control is centralized and comes from within the system.

Question 39

The capacity or willingness to obey a leader is referred to as:

A) task-oriented behavior.
B) followership.
C) relations-oriented behavior.
D) equivalence.
E) self-regulation.

Question 40

Servant leadership is a view in which servant leaders selflessly serve others first.

Question 41

The type of behavior that involves concern for interpersonal connections and socioemotional support is known as _________ behavior.

A) relations-oriented
B) entrepreneurial-oriented
C) task-oriented
D) power-oriented
E) ethical-oriented

Question 42

__________ leadership is needed when subordinates want guidance and direction in their jobs.

A) Achievement-oriented
B) Directive
C) Supportive
D) Participative
E) Transactional

Question 43

Charismatic leaders can be most distinguished by their __________ skills.

A) organization
B) communication
C) critical thinking
D) management
E) problem-solving

Question 44

Which of the following characteristics is NOT included in the list of prototypical and antiprototypical characteristics of followers?

A) Industry
B) Enthusiasm
C) Incompetence
D) Insubordination
E) Intelligence

Question 45

__________ state that the relationship between leader behavior and leadership effectiveness depends on the demands of a situation.

A) Transactional leadership approaches
B) Contingency approaches
C) Trait approaches
D) Relational transparency approaches
E) Administrative leadership approaches

Question 46

The type of leadership that sees leadership as a group phenomenon that is dispersed among individuals is known as __________ leadership.

A) collective
B) shared
C) distributed
D) social
E) intellectual

Question 47

The dynamic, interactive influence process among team members working to achieve group and organizational goals is called __________.

A) shared leadership
B) distributive leadership
C) informal leadership
D) co-leadership
E) implicit leadership

Question 48

Which approach to leadership focuses on identifying categories of relevant leadership behavior and examining their effects on performance and other outcomes?

A) The behavioral approach
B) The laissez-faire approach
C) The trait approach
D) The directive approach
E) The contingency approach

Question 49

All of the following are implicit leadership theory prototypes EXCEPT:

A) sensitivity.
B) intelligence.
C) tyranny.
D) attractiveness.
E) gender.

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT included in task-oriented behaviors?

A) Maintaining performance standards
B) Assigning tasks
C) Identifying standard procedures
D) Enforcing deadlines
E) Building relations

Question 51

The sharing of responsibility for meeting group task and maintenance needs is known as:

A) participative partnering.
B) conjunctive leadership.
C) authentic leadership.
D) empowered leadership.
E) distributed leadership.

Question 52

Which type of behavior involves providing direction and enforcing performance standards needed to drive production?

A) Relations-oriented
B) Participation-oriented
C) Task-oriented
D) Power-oriented
E) Ethical-oriented

Question 53

The trait approach focuses on all of the following EXCEPT:

A) personality.
B) interpersonal behaviors.
C) motives.
D) values.
E) physical characteristics.

Question 54

Which type of leadership occurs when leadership is divided so that no one person has the power to lead unilaterally?

A) Distributive leadership
B) Social leadership
C) Formal leadership
D) Informal leadership
E) Co-leadership

Question 55

Followers contribute to the leadership process by assuming a follower role and granting a leader's ))__________.

A) idealized influence
B) identity claim
C) contingent reward
D) relational transparency
E) dysfunctional resistance

Question 56

Which approach to leadership assumes that if we can identify particular and socially desirable characteristics, we can select individuals for leadership positions based on their natural tendencies?

A) The behavioral approach
B) The laissez-faire approach
C) The trait approach
D) The directive approach
E) The operational approach

Question 57

Nicole is a manager at Frost Inc. She is very confident and optimistic, tends to use strong, expressive forms of communication, and uses personal risk and self-sacrifice to attain her visions for the organization. Nicole is said to be a(n) __________ leader.

A) participative
B) adaptive
C) transactional
D) charismatic
E) emerging

Question 58

Although charisma can be considered an individual trait, it is more aptly described as a relational process triggered by leaders and followers acting together in context. Charisma is produced by three elements: ()()()

A) a spark, flammable material, and oxygen.
B) power, control, and force.
C) personality, traits, and motivation.
D) traits, behaviors, and power.
E) a situation, personalities, and leaders.

Question 59

__________ is a special personal quality or attractiveness that enables an individual to influence others.

A) Leadership
B) Charisma
C) Motive
D) Physicality
E) Power

Question 60

The type of leadership that involves relations-oriented, employee-centered behavior that promotes a friendly work climate by focusing on subordinate needs and well-being is known as __________.

A) achievement-oriented leadership
B) directive leadership
C) supportive leadership
D) participative leadership
E) transactional leadership

Question 61

Contingent rewards represent:

A) a hands-off style of abdicating responsibilities and avoiding decisions.
B) the action of intervening only if standards are not met.
C) deviations from rules and standards that require corrective action.
D) the exchange of valuable resources for mutually agreed-upon goal accomplishment.
E) a focus on organizational performance.

Question 62

__________ leadership occurs in formal, managerial roles and focuses on alignment and control aimed at driving business results.

A) Entrepreneurial
B) Adaptive
C) Supportive
D) Operational
E) Transformational

Question 63

Which style of leadership fuels innovation, adaptability, and change?

A) Entrepreneurial leadership
B) Adaptive leadership
C) Supportive leadership
D) Participative leadership
E) Transformational leadership

Question 64

Which of the following is a view in which leaders selflessly help others first?

A) Passive leadership
B) Servant leadership
C) Entrepreneurial leadership
D) Authoritarian leadership
E) Participative leadership

Question 65

Laissez-faire leadership involves:

A) abdicating responsibilities and avoiding decisions.
B) intervening only if standards are not met.
C) watching for deviations from rules and standards and taking corrective action.
D) exchanging rewards for mutually agreed-upon goal accomplishment.
E) focusing on organizational performance.

Question 66

Which of the following does passive leadership involve?

A) Abdicating responsibilities and avoiding decisions
B) Intervening only if standards are not met
C) Watching for deviations from rules and standards and taking corrective action
D) Exchanging rewards for mutually agreed-upon goal accomplishment
E) Focusing on organizational performance

Question 67

Which type of leadership involves a focus on exchanging valued goods in return for something leaders want?

A) Transformational leadership
B) Supportive leadership
C) Transactional leadership
D) Empowering leadership
E) Participative leadership

Question 68

Which of the following is a form of co-leadership?

A) Passive leadership
B) Complementary leadership
C) Formal leadership
D) Operational leadership
E) Servant leadership

Question 69

__________ occurs when two or more people who depend on one another work together in an influence relationship to get things done()().

Question 70

The type of leadership that involves inspirational relationships in which both leaders and followers are positively changed in the process is known as __________ leadership.

A) transactional
B) transformational
C) participative
D) supportive
E) traditional

Question 71

Which of the following is a true statement about transformational leaders?

A) They abdicate responsibilities, thus avoiding taking action or making decisions.
B) They act only when there are problems or when the required standards are not met.
C) They use active management by exception.
D) They use idealized influence and inspirational leadership.
E) They rely on contingent rewards.

Question 72

Which of the following is true of the actor-network theory?

A) It allows individuals to make the required changes to strengthen beneficial behaviors and weaken ineffective ones.
B) It highlights that ethics are not the responsibility of leaders alone.
C) It suggests that leaders are in a better position than followers to make decisions and determine direction.
D) It suggests that leadership is just about managing people.
E) It describes leadership as occurring in the interactions of human and nonhuman agents.

Question 73

Active management by exception involves:

A) abdicating responsibilities and avoiding decisions.
B) intervening only if standards are not met.
C) watching for deviations from rules and standards and taking corrective action.
D) exchanging rewards for mutually agreed-upon goal accomplishment.
E) focusing on organizational performance.

Question 74

__________ is exerted by persons appointed or elected to positions of formal authority in organizations.

Question 75

A focus on power for collective rather than personal benefit is called:

A) emergence.
B) ethics.
C) power distance.
D) a socialized charismatic orientation.
E) a normative theory.

Question 76

The ethical values, norms, attitudes, feelings, and behaviors of employees in an organization are known as:

A) normative theories.
B) ethics.
C) ethical climates.
D) neutralizers.
E) complex adaptive systems.

Question 77

__________ are leaders who use their allure to dominate followers and keep them weak and dependent on the leader.

A) Adaptive leaders
B) Personalized charismatics
C) Servant leaders
D) Supportive leaders
E) Socialized charismatics

Question 78

Which type of leadership operates in the interface between operational and entrepreneurial systems?

A) Passive leadership
B) Adaptive leadership
C) Supportive leadership
D) Participative leadership
E) Transformational leadership

Question 79

Which style of leadership focuses on leadership as a complex interactive dynamic based on emergence?

A) Complexity leadership
B) Passive leadership
C) Supportive leadership
D) Participative leadership
E) Transformational leadership

Question 80

__________ is an individual's ability to engage with others, while maintaining openness and clarity about himself or herself.

A) Relational transparency
B) Intellectual stimulation
C) Idealized influence
D) Emergence
E) Immediacy