Deck 4: Tissues

Question 1

The four primary tissue types are

A) epithelial, cartilage, muscular, and brain.
B) epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous.
C) glands, bone, lungs, and kidney.
D) connective, epithelial, skin, and blood.
E) bone, skin, blood, and muscle.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The extracellular material found in tissues is called

A) fibroblast.
B) cytoplasm.
C) plasma.
D) lymph.
E) matrix.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

What type of tissue contains cells called neurons?

A) epithelial tissue
B) connective tissue
C) muscular tissue
D) nervous tissue

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What type of tissue forms linings or coverings?

A) connective tissue
B) nervous tissue
C) muscular tissue
D) epithelial tissue

Question 5

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) endoderm - bone
B) mesoderm - muscle
C) ectoderm - skin
D) neuroectoderm - nervous system
E) neural crest cells - peripheral nervous system, skin pigment, tissues of the face

Question 6

Epithelial tissue is characterized by

A) tightly packed cells.
B) absence of any basement membrane.
C) extensive extracellular matrix.
D) a rich blood supply.
E) both tightly packed cells and a rich blood supply.

Question 7

What is the removal of a tissue sample from patients via surgery or needle to diagnose disease?

A) autopsy
B) biopsy
C) histology
D) postmortem exam
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 8

What is the microscopic study of tissues?

A) embryology
B) anatomy
C) histology
D) pathology
E) physiology

Question 9

What is a collection of similar cells and surrounding substances?

A) extracellular matrix
B) organ
C) organ system
D) tissue
E) intracellular matrix

Question 10

What type of tissue possesses an abundant extracellular matrix?

A) epithelial tissue
B) nervous tissue
C) connective tissue
D) muscular tissue

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue?

A) support of other tissue types
B) conduction of action potentials
C) contraction
D) shock absorption
E) secretion and absorption of molecules

Question 12

Stratified epithelium consists of

A) multiple layers of cells.
B) a single layer of cells.
C) a single layer of cells that changes shape when the tissue is stretched.
D) a multiple layer of cells that appears to change shape when the tissue is stretched.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 13

To determine that a type of epithelium is squamous, which of the following is most important?

A) the number of cell layers
B) the shape of most of the epithelial cells
C) the shape of the most superficial epithelial cells
D) the shape of the basal epithelial cells
E) the shape of the basement membrane

Question 14

What is the examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death or to study the changes caused by a disease?

A) autopsy
B) biopsy
C) histology
D) embryology
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 15

Which of the following characteristics is NOT consistent with simple squamous epithelial tissue?

A) has good blood supply within it
B) rest on a basement membrane
C) little extracellular material
D) the cells are thin and flat (not thick)
E) acts as a permeability barrier

Question 16

The various types of epithelium are classified by

A) the number of cell layers and size of the cells.
B) the shape of cells and number of cell layers.
C) the size and shape of cells.
D) the size and location of cells.
E) function and size of cells.

Question 17

Which of the following categories of epithelium is based on cell shape?

A) keratinized
B) simple
C) columnar
D) transitional
E) stratified

Question 18

The embryonic germ layer that is the source of connective tissue and muscle is

A) exoderm.
B) neuroectoderm.
C) endoderm.
D) ectoderm.
E) mesoderm.

Question 19

Which type of epithelium has the following characteristics: multiple layers, squamous cell shape, dead outer layers of cells, and keratin present in some cells?

A) stratified keratinized squamous epithelium
B) pseudostratified keratinized squamous epithelium
C) simple transitional epithelium
D) simple cuboidal epithelium
E) moist stratified squamous epithelium

Question 20

What type of tissue is contractile?

A) epithelial tissue
B) connective tissue
C) nervous tissue
D) muscular tissue

Question 21

Which of the following epithelial types is mismatched with its function?

A) stratified epithelium - protection
B) squamous epithelium - stretching
C) cuboidal epithelium - absorption
D) simple epithelium - diffusion
E) columnar epithelium - secretion

Question 22

Which of the following statements is false?

A) The movement of materials through epithelium is enhanced by simple squamous epithelium.
B) Secretory epithelial cells are usually cuboidal or columnar in shape.
C) Stratified epithelium is adapted for a protective role.
D) Cuboidal epithelium is found in areas where absorption occurs.
E) Columnar epithelial cells promote diffusion.

Question 23

What is a disk-shaped structure with especially adhesive glycoproteins around each cell that bind cells to one another?

A) tight junction
B) desmosomes
C) hemidesmosomes
D) gap junction
E) adhesion belt

Question 24

Which tissue type forms glands?

A) epithelial
B) neuroectoderm
C) connective
D) muscle
E) nervous

Question 25

Epithelium that is primarily secretory in function would most likely be

A) keratinized columnar.
B) stratified squamous.
C) simple cuboidal.
D) simple squamous.
E) transitional.

Question 26

An example of a gap junction is

A) an adhesion belt.
B) an intercalated disk.
C) a desmosome.
D) goblet cell.
E) a striation.

Question 27

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the kidney tubules?

A) stratified squamous epithelium
B) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
C) simple columnar epithelium
D) simple cuboidal epithelium
E) transitional epithelium

Question 28

Structures that function in intercellular communication are

A) centrioles.
B) gap junctions.
C) hemidesmosomes.
D) tight junctions.
E) desmosomes.

Question 29

If one of the functions of the capillaries is to supply body cells with oxygen and nutrients, you would expect the capillary walls to consist of

A) keratinized epithelium.
B) connective tissue.
C) simple columnar epithelium.
D) simple squamous epithelium.
E) stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 30

Epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have many

A) desmosomes.
B) basement junctions.
C) intercalated discs.
D) gap junctions.
E) tight junctions.

Question 31

What type of epithelial tissue is found lining the trachea?

A) simple cuboidal epithelium
B) stratified squamous epithelium
C) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
D) simple columnar epithelium
E) transitional epithelium

Question 32

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder?

A) stratified squamous epithelium
B) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
C) simple columnar epithelium
D) transitional epithelium
E) simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 33

What is a small protein channel that allows the passage of ions and small molecules between cells?

A) adhesion belt
B) hemidesmosomes
C) desmosomes
D) tight junction
E) gap junction

Question 34

The type of cell connection that serves as a permeability barrier is a

A) desmosome.
B) tight junction.
C) hemidesmosome.
D) gap junction.
E) intercalated disc.

Question 35

Which of the following cell organelles would be most important in secretory epithelial cells?

A) desmosomes
B) Golgi apparatus
C) lysosomes
D) microtubules
E) cilia

Question 36

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the stomach?

A) stratified squamous epithelium
B) simple cuboidal epithelium
C) simple columnar epithelium
D) transitional epithelium
E) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 37

The epidermis of the skin is composed of

A) stratified cuboidal epithelium.
B) stratified columnar epithelium.
C) simple squamous epithelium.
D) irregular dense fibrous connective tissue.
E) stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 38

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the mouth?

A) transitional epithelium
B) simple columnar epithelium
C) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
D) simple cuboidal epithelium
E) stratified squamous epithelium

Question 39

All cells attached to the basement membrane but not all cells reach free surfaces is a description of

A) dendrite.
B) membrane.
C) pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
D) mesoderm.
E) neuroglia.

Question 40

Which of the following statements concerning epithelial cell surfaces is false?

A) Smooth surfaces reduce friction.
B) Epithelium with folded surfaces tends to be very rigid.
C) Cilia propel materials along the surface of an epithelial cell.
D) Epithelium with folded surfaces can change shape.
E) Epithelial cells with microvilli are involved in absorption.

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissue?

A) storage
B) contraction
C) insulation
D) support
E) transport

Question 42

A thick, sticky secretion produced by goblet cells is called

A) plasma.
B) serous fluid.
C) saliva.
D) mucus.
E) synovial fluid.

Question 43

What type of gland accumulates its secretion in the cytoplasm of the cell, the cell then ruptures and becomes part of the secretion?

A) endocrine
B) merocrine
C) apocrine
D) exocrine
E) holocrine

Question 44

The secretions of endocrine glands are released directly

A) onto the skin surface.
B) into a gland duct.
C) into the nervous tissue.
D) into the lumen of a tube.
E) into the bloodstream.

Question 45

What type of gland excretes products by secretion into the blood?

A) apocrine
B) holocrine
C) merocrine
D) endocrine
E) exocrine

Question 46

A gland produces a watery secretion that contains solutes. The secretion also contains a substantial amount of phospholipid. The type of secretory process for this gland is probably

A) merocrine.
B) holocrine.
C) apocrine.
D) endocrine.
E) both merocrine and apocrine.

Question 47

What type of gland discharges fragments of the gland's cells during secretion?

A) apocrine
B) exocrine
C) holocrine
D) endocrine
E) merocrine

Question 48

A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it

A) is commonly found lining body cavities.
B) has no blood supply to the tissue.
C) consists of cells with much intercellular material (matrix) between them.
D) covers the outside of organs.
E) contracts.

Question 49

What type of exocrine gland uses exocytosis to secrete its product?

A) holocrine
B) apocrine
C) merocrine
D) solocrine
E) endocrine

Question 50

What type of gland possesses ducts?

A) hypocrine
B) exocrine
C) endocrine
D) ectocrine
E) epicrine

Question 51

What type of gland does not have ducts?

A) holocrine
B) apocrine
C) endocrine
D) exocrine
E) merocrine

Question 52

What is the permeability barrier that joins the cell membranes of adjacent cells to form a tight seal?

A) hemidesmosomes
B) tight junction
C) gap junction
D) desmosomes
E) adhesion belt

Question 53

What attaches epithelial cells to the basement membrane?

A) gap junction
B) hemidesmosomes
C) adhesion belt
D) tight junction
E) desmosomes

Question 54

Which of the following is classified as a holocrine gland?

A) exocrine part of pancreas
B) sebaceous gland
C) salivary gland
D) sweat gland
E) mammary gland

Question 55

A gland with branching ducts that end in acini would be classified as

A) multicellular.
B) simple coiled tubular.
C) simple branched tubular.
D) compound acinar.
E) simple acinar.

Question 56

A cell that forms fibrous connective tissue would be called a

A) fibroclast.
B) fibroblast.
C) fibromast.
D) fibrocyte.
E) fibroid.

Question 57

Unlike an exocrine gland, an endocrine gland

A) secretes to a surface.
B) is a secretory organ.
C) sheds cells with its secretions.
D) has no ducts.
E) contains goblet cells.

Question 58

What is the girdle of glycoproteins just below the tight junction between epithelial cells?

A) gap junction
B) hemidesmosomes
C) adhesion belt
D) desmosomes
E) intercalated disks

Question 59

Glands whose ducts have few branches are called

A) simple.
B) branchless.
C) alveolar.
D) compound.
E) acinar.

Question 60

A tissue has the following characteristics: free surface, single layer of cells, cells are narrow and tall, microvilli, many mitochondria, goblet cells. Which of the following is most consistent with those observations? (1) active transport
(2) epithelium
(3) simple epithelium
(4) columnar epithelium
(5) cuboidal epithelium
(6) squamous epithelium
(7) secretion by exocytosis
(8) movement of mucous across its surface

A) 2, 3, 4, 7
B) 1, 2, 3, 5, 7
C) 1, 2, 3, 4, 8
D) 2, 3, 4, 8
E) 1, 2, 3, 4, 7

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT an adhesive molecule found in the ground substance of connective tissue?

A) chondroitin sulfate
B) fibronectin
C) chondronectin
D) osteonectin

Question 62

Which of the following statements concerning collagen is false?

A) There are at least 20 different types of collagen in the body.
B) Collagen is a common protein in the body.
C) Collagen is strong and flexible.
D) Collagen is composed of collagen $\alpha$ -chains.
E) Collagen is elastic and stretches

Question 63

Hyaluronic acid gives a very slippery quality to fluids that contain it. Hyaluronic acid

A) resists stretching.
B) is a good lubricant for joint cavities.
C) is a protein.
D) functions as an insulator.
E) promotes oxygen transport in the plasma.

Question 64

What kind of cells form bone?

A) fibroblasts
B) osteoblasts
C) chondroblasts
D) osteocytes
E) osteoclasts

Question 65

A coiled fibrous protein in connective tissue that is stretchy is called

A) hyaluronic acid.
B) proteoglycan.
C) elastin.
D) collagen.
E) a reticular fiber.

Question 66

Cells that break down bone are called

A) chondroblasts.
B) osteoclasts.
C) fibroblasts.
D) osteoblasts.
E) osteocytes.

Question 67

What type of cells release chemicals in response to injury and play an important role in inflammation?

A) stem cells
B) macrophages
C) adipocytes
D) mast cells
E) osteoclast

Question 68

What type of cells have the potential to differentiate to form adult cell types?

A) mast cells
B) adipocytes
C) stem cells
D) osteoclast
E) macrophages

Question 69

What type of cells form protein fibers in connective tissue proper?

A) osteoclasts
B) chondroblasts
C) fibroblasts
D) osteoblasts
E) osteocytes

Question 70

Macrophages are cells specialized for

A) carrying gases.
B) secretion.
C) support.
D) absorption.
E) phagocytosis

Question 71

The three types of protein fibers found in connective tissue are

A) hyaluronic acid, collagen, and reticular fibers.
B) collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
C) chondronectic, osteonectin, fibronectin
D) proteoglycan, elastin, and reticular fibers.
E) proteoglycan, elastin, and hyaluronic acid.

Question 72

What type of cells phagocytize foreign or injured cells and play a major role in providing protection against infections?

A) stem cells
B) adipocytes
C) osteoclast
D) macrophages
E) mast cells

Question 73

Blood cells are produced in hemopoietic tissue found in

A) compact bone.
B) white bone marrow.
C) red bone marrow.
D) brown bone marrow.
E) yellow bone marrow.

Question 74

What type of cells break down bone tissue?

A) mast cells
B) stem cells
C) osteoclast
D) macrophages
E) adipocytes

Question 75

Collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers in connective tissues all contain

A) carbohydrates.
B) proteins.
C) phospholipids.
D) adipose tissue.
E) triglycerides.

Question 76

Cells that maintain bone are called

A) chondroblasts.
B) osteocytes.
C) osteoblasts.
D) osteoclasts.
E) fibroblasts.

Question 77

What type of cells contain large amounts of lipids?

A) osteoclast
B) mast cells
C) macrophages
D) adipocytes
E) stem cells

Question 78

The extracellular matrix of connective tissue contains

A) serous fluid.
B) synoval fluid.
C) adipose.
D) plasma.
E) proteoglycans.

Question 79

What type of cells form cartilage?

A) chondroblasts
B) osteocytes
C) osteoblasts
D) osteoclasts
E) fibroblasts

Question 80

A long, unbranched polysaccharide found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue is

A) hyaluronic acid.
B) proteoglycan.
C) chondronectin.
D) tropocollagen.